Common bean seed germination and seedling emergence under inoculation with biostimulators

Biostimulating microorganisms have protector effect against pathogenic agents, affect the stand formation, promote plant growth, and increase yield of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the seed germination and seedling emergence of different common bean cultivars as a function of treatments with Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Trichoderma asperellum BV10. Germination tests in paper rolls and sand were conducted in a completely randomized design, with a 2×4 factorial arrangement consisted of two cultivars, namely Campos Gerais (CG) and Estilo (ES), and four microorganism treatments, namely B. subtilis BV02 (BS), T. asperellum BV10 (TA), B. subtilis BV02 + T. asperellum BV10 (BS+TA), and Control. The variables analyzed were: germination speed index (GSI), emergence speed index (ESI), germination percentage, emergence percentage, root length, seedling height, and root and shoot fresh and dry weights. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, seedling height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, and shoot dry weight than the ES cultivar in the paper roll and sand tests. The common bean seed inoculation with BS+TA increased seedling height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root length in the ES cultivar. The CG cultivar had higher GSI, ESI, root length, root fresh weight, and root and shoot dry weights than the ES cultivar. The treatment of seeds with BS+TA is recommended to improve the performance of common bean seedlings of the ES cultivar.

Download Full-text

Effects of Seeding Density on Growth Attributes of Broadleaf Mustard in Nursery Bed

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v8i1.28257 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Nisha Niraula ◽

Anil Timilsina

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Root Length ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seeding Density ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Broad Leaf ◽

Growth Attributes

The productivity of crops is highly affected by the seedling quality, which is governed by seeding density in the nursery. So, an experiment was conducted to explore the effect of seedling spacing in the growth attributes of Broad Leaf Mustard cv. “Marpha Chauda Paate” at IAAS, Lamjung Campus, during Oct 2018. Four spacing treatments viz 0.5 cm × 1 cm, 1 cm × 1 cm, 1.5 cm ×1.5 cm and 2 cm × 2 cm were arranged in RCB Design with 5 replications. Observation of seedling height, leaf area, leaf number, shoot & root fresh weights, shoot dry matter, and dry matter percentage from twenty-three days old seedlings were recorded. The total leaf area was estimated using the Image-J package. Data were tabulated in MS Excel and analyzed by Gen Stat. Treatments differed significantly in seedling height, shoot and root fresh weight, leaf area, root length, and shoot dry weight, while the number of leaves and dry matter percentage did not differ statistically. Maximum shoot fresh weight (1.09 g), shoot dry weight (0.11 g), leaf area (48.24 cm2), root length (4.89 cm), root fresh weight (0.03 g) per plant and shoot dry matter percentage (9.24%) were found in widest spacing (2 cm × 2 cm). However, seedling height was recorded higher in closer spacing. Therefore, the study of the overall characteristics asserted that the seed spaced at 2 cm × 2 cm produced superior seedling over all other spacings. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 65-70

Download Full-text

Effects of salinity stress on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) landraces during early growth stage

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20173093 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seyoum Zawude ◽

Diriba Shanko

Keyword(s):

Salinity Stress ◽

Root Length ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

Background: Salinity is one of the most serious abiotic stresses for crop plant growth. Chickpea grows under a wide range of climatic conditions and highly sensitive to salt stress. To determine the most tolerant genotype to salinity stress, an experiment was done as factorial form under completely block design (CRD) with three replications.Methods: The experimental treatments were four NaCl salinity levels (0, 5dS/m, 10dS/m and 15dS/m) and five chickpea landraces (Dadi, Dido, Dida, Dimi and Soya). Results: Results indicated that significant was observed in root length, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling shoot and root reduction traits in stress conditions. Dimi, Dido and Dadi were showed that high reduction in root length, shoot length, root length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, seedling root and shoot in salinity conditions, respectively. The ANOVA for landraces and their interaction was found to be highly significant at (p<0.001) and (p<0.05) with all parameters. Landraces Dimi, Dido and Dadi were found salt tolerant but Soya was highly salt sensitive during seedling growth stage. Shoot dry weight had the most positive and significant correlation with root dry weight (r =0.987**). Seedling shoot reduction depicted a negative and significant correlation with total dry matter (r =-0.734**).Conclusions: This study indicated that developing genetic variability by identifying salt tolerant landrace is one of the appropriate strategies used to overcome salinity problem in arid and semi-arid areas.

Download Full-text

Comparison of some physiological responces to salinity and normal conditions in Sugar Beet

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-320 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

A.M. Khorshid ◽

F.A. Moghadam ◽

I. Bernousi ◽

S. Khayamim ◽

A. Rajabi

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Saline Condition ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Ratio ◽

Root Shoot Ratio ◽

Relative Water ◽

Total Dry Weight

This study was carried out in the Agricultural Research Center of West Azerbaijan, Iran in 2016. In this research, variations in different physiological and yield traits measurement of total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, relative water loss, root length, leaf area, root/shoot ratio, specific leaf weigh, sodium content, potassium content and proline were investigated in normal and saline condition. The results indicated that in saline condition, total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root/Shoot ratio, specific leaf weight, root length, proline and Na content were increased and the other traits were decreased. Study of correlation of traits showed that most significant difference between the two conditions was observed for the root/shoot ratio, so that, this trait has negative significant relation with total dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, relative water content, leaf area, root length, specific leaf weight in saline condition, but in normal condition correlation is positive and significant only in the total dry weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight and root dray weight and was not significant in the other traits. Step-wise regression analysis for total dry weight as dependent variable revealed that in normal condition, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and Na content expound of 93.1% and in saline condition root fresh weight, root length, Na content and proline explicate of 81.3% of total variation exist in total dry weight. Therefore, it is suggested to consider different traits in breeding programs for normal and saline conditions.

Download Full-text

Influence of Seed Vigor, Herbicide Rates, and Incorporation Depths on Emergence and Seedling Development of Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00036290 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 801-806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sunil Ratnayake ◽

David R. Shaw

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

High Rate ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Reduced Height

Imazaquin at 140, 280, and 420 g ai ha-1did not negatively affect seedling emergence from high vigor (98% germination) soybean seed but, coupled with a 5.0-cm herbicide incorporation depth, reduced seedling emergence from low vigor (67% germination) seed at all rates. Imazaquin at 420 g ha-1incorporated 5.0 cm deep reduced low and high vigor seedling height 36 and 28%, respectively. Imazaquin at all rates reduced root length from high vigor seed, whereas only the high rate reduced root length of seedlings from low vigor seed. Although 420 g ha-1metribuzin did not affect seedling emergence or root length, emerged seedlings were severely damaged when herbicide was incorporated to 5.0 cm. Trifluralin at 840 and 1680 g ai ha-1reduced emergence of low vigor seed when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 840 g ha-1did not affect seedling height or root length, but 1680 g ha-1reduced height of seedling from low and high vigor seed by 86 and 66% when incorporated 5.0 cm deep. Trifluralin at 1680 g ha-1reduced shoot dry weight of both types of seedlings only at the 5.0-cm incorporation depth.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Early and Conventional Soybean Production Systems for Yield and other Agronomic Traits

Atlas Journal of Plant Biology ◽

10.5147/ajpb.v1i1.82 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ouertani Khaled ◽

Evandrew Washington ◽

Patricia Lage ◽

Stella K. Kantartzi ◽

David A. Lightfoot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Lateral Root ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Soybean Production ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Maximum Root Length ◽

Maximum Root

The early soybean production system (ESPS) was reported to be beneficial for yield compared to the conventional soybean production system (CSPS) and is widely used in the Southern USA. The objective of this study was to compare yield, yield components, root traits, and shoot traits in ESPS (April planting) and CSPS (June planting) in NC Sandhills using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, ‘Hartwig’ by ‘Flyer’ (n=92). The population was grown in Spring Lake, NC in 2008 at a density of 16 seeds m-2. The traits measured were days to germination, days to flowering, plant height, seed weight, seed number, pod number, harvest index, root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root number. The survival rate ranged from 83.7 to 90.22% for ESPS; however, it was 21.74% for CSPS. Significant differences were observed for almost all traits measured in ESPS (April) compared to CSPS (June) apart from fresh root weight and lateral root number. An average increase in flowering time of 9 days was observed in CSPS compared to ESPS. On the other hand, several traits showed a significant mean decrease in CSPS compared to ESPS as plant height by 41.96%, seed weight by 74.7%, harvest index by 73.3%, pod number by 65.2%, and seed number by 64.9%. The means for root fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, maximum root length, and lateral root numbers are shown in Table 2 for both ESPS and CSPS. The results indicated an average decrease of 40.4% in root fresh weight, of 70.2% in root dry weight, of 68.1% in shoot fresh weight, of 80.1% in shoot dry weight, and of 83.3% in maximum root length in CSPS compared to ESPS. However, lateral root numbers increased by an average of 12.7% in CSPS compared to ESPS. Therefore, CSPS may not be appropriate for soybean at least in NC Sandhills.

Download Full-text

Effects of Irrigation System on Pepper Transplant Production

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.574a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 574a-574

Author(s):

Bethany A. Galloway ◽

Jonathan R. Schultheis ◽

David W. Monks

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Irrigation System ◽

Irrigation Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

North Carolina State University ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight

A study was conducted in Fall 1995 at the Horticultural Greenhouse, North Carolina State University, to examine growth of banana (`Banana Supreme'), bell (`Camelot'), and jalapeno (`Mitla') pepper under overhead (OI), ebb and flood (EF), and float (F) irrigation systems. Plant emergence was fastest in the float system, but slowest in the OI system. Irrigation treatment was highly significant for all weekly sampling dates for root and shoot fresh weight, root and shoot dry weight, root length, stem diameter, height, and leaf area. Stem diameter of F plants was greater than both EF and OI. However, EF and OI plants had similar diameter regardless of sampling date. Root fresh weight did not differ among pepper cultivars. By 39 days after planting (DAP), F plants had 33% greater root fresh weight, by 46 DAP they were almost double, and at 53 DAP they were 44% larger compared to the EF treatment. Float plants had greatest root length, but EF and OI plants had denser root mass (visual observation) in the transplant container cell. At 46 and 53 DAP, EF plants were generally taller than OI plants, and by 60 DAP this difference was almost 30%. Float plants were about double the height of the EF and OI plants and this difference continued until the experiment terminated. Bell pepper had the greatest shoot fresh weight at all sampling dates after 25 DAP, while jalapeno was greater than banana only up to 39 DAP. Beyond 39 DAP, banana pepper fresh weight surpassed jalapeno pepper. By 53 DAP, shoot fresh weight of float transplants were almost 3 times greater than EF or OI plants. Float plants reached a satisfactory size (137 mm height) for transplanting by 8 weeks. Height of EF and OI plants at this time was 68 and 48 mm, respectively. This experiment is being repeated in Spring 1996.

Download Full-text

Rate and Synchrony of Seed Germination Influence Growth of Hydroponic Lettuce

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.1.100 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 100-103

Author(s):

Ahmet Korkmaz ◽

Wallace G. Pill ◽

Bruce B. Cobb

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Growth Response ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Time Range ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Seedling Length ◽

Emergence Rate ◽

Germinated Seeds

The effect of seed germination rate, or of seedling emergence rate, was studied in relation to subsequent plant growth of `Cortina' lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Seedling growth response to selection by time of germination was assessed by imbibing seeds at 5 °C to increase the time range for germination. Germinated seeds were removed daily and transferred to “slants” (germination paper held at 20° from vertical) at 15 °C. Five days after each transfer, root and hypocotyl lengths were measured. As days required for germination increased, root lengths decreased and hypocotyl lengths increased, resulting in no change in total seedling length. The relation between rate of seedling emergence from raw or pelleted seeds of the same lot and shoot fresh weight was examined using commercially practiced hydroponic techniques. Shoot fresh weight at 10 and 21 days after planting was related inversely and linearly to the day of emergence for both seed treatments. In the same study, the coefficient of variation of shoot fresh weight was positively related to time of seedling emergence only at 10 days. Germinated seeds were selected after 1 and 2 days of imbibition; subsequent seedling emergence rate and shoot fresh weight at 25 days were recorded. First-day germinated seeds had faster and more synchronous emergence, and produced heavier and more uniform shoots. Discarding slow-to-germinate seeds should enhance seedling emergence and growth.

Download Full-text

Growth Assessment of Tropical Sugarbeet as Influenced by Spacing

Bangladesh Agronomy Journal ◽

10.3329/baj.v23i2.52452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 51-58

Author(s):

MAT Sohel ◽

MAE Hossain ◽

HP Roy ◽

SM Reza ◽

FH Shanta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Research Field ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Maximum Root

The experiment was carried out at the research field of Agronomy and Farming Systems Division, Bangladesh Sugarcrop Research Institute (BSRI), Ishurdi, Pabna during 2012-2013 to determine the most suitable spacing for sugarbeet cultivation in Bangladesh. The experiment was conducted with nine spacing viz. 50 cm × 20 cm, 60 cm × 20 cm, 70 cm × 20 cm, 50 cm × 25 cm, 60 cm × 25 cm, 70 cm × 25 cm, 50 cm × 30 cm, 60 cm × 30 cm and 70 cm × 30 cm in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The effects of spacing on sugarbeet plantation were observed on growth and growth contributing components (germination percentage, number of leaves plant-1, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, crop growth rate) of sugarbeet. The highest germination percentage (95.67%), number of leaves plant-1 (34.33) at 30 DAS, shoot length (54.07 cm) at 120 DAS, root fresh weight (969.47 g plant-1) at 150 DAS, shoot fresh weight (752.47 g plant-1) at 120 DAS and other growth contributing parameters were obtained with the spacing 70 cm × 30 cm. However, the maximum root length (38.97 cm) was obtained with 50 cm × 20 cm spacing. It was concluded that the wider spacing promoted the growth of individual beet, though the optimum spacing for maximum root growth of sugarbeet was 50 cm × 20 cm. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 51-58

Download Full-text

Effect of nitrogen and plant growth regulators on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v9i4.1534 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 2338-2343

Author(s):

Arpana D. Vaja ◽

J. B. Patel ◽

R.N. Daki ◽

Shital A. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Root Length ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Shoot Length ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Vigour Index

The present investigation on effect of nitrogen [N0 (Control), N1 (50 kg N/ha), N2 (100 kg N/ha), and N3 (150 kg N/ ha)] and plant growth regulators [G0 (Control), G1 (50 ppm GA3), G2 (50 ppm NAA) and G3 (500 ppm Cycocel)] on seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) cv. GJB 3 was carried out at the Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during kharif 2015-16. The experiment was laid out in field as per randomized block design (Factorial) with three replications. The seed harvested from 16 different treatments combinations replicated thrice from the field were analyzed in the laboratory following completely randomized design (factorial) for various seed quality parameters. Application of nitrogen @ 150 kg N/ha recorded significantly (P<0.05) highest seed yield per plant, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while application of 100 kg N/ha resulted in significantly (P<0.05) highest germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length). Application of GA3 at 50 ppm recorded significantly the highest seed yield per plant, germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, vigour index – 1 (length) and vigour index – 2 (mass). Among the 16 different treatment combinations, nitrogen @ 150 kg/ha and GA3 50 ppm noted the maximum seed yield per plant, shoot dry weight and vigour index – 2 (mass), while significantly the maxi-mum germination percentage, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and vigour index – 1 (length) were registered in treatment combination nitrogen 100 kg N/ha and GA3 @ 50 ppm. Therefore, it is advised that application of 100-150 kg of N/ha as a nitrogenous fertilizer and spray GA3 @ 50 ppm (G1) at 45 days after transplanting helps in increasing the seed yield per plant and seed quality parameters in brinjal seed production.

Download Full-text

Haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at germination stage under the effect of allelopatic leaf extract of Lantana (Lantana camara L.)

International Journal of Scientific Reports ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20163109 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (9) ◽

pp. 221

Author(s):

Itefa Degefa Alemu ◽

Beka Yadeta Tefara ◽

Tarike Getachew Tefara ◽

Alemnesh Tigabu Fetene

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Lantana Camara ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Shoot Fresh Weight ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Germination Parameters ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Germination Stage

<div class="WordSection1">Background: Allelopathy is considered as an effective and environmentally friendly method to control the weeds and consequently enhances crop production. Lantana camara L. is a major exotic weed spreading rapidly in wastelands and agricultural fields. The ability of this weed to germinate fast and to inhibit the growth of other neighboring plants smoothest way for its quicker growth in an ecosystem.Methods: This study was carried out at Bule Hora University in the biology laboratory to assess haricot bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes at germination stage under the effects of allelochemical leaf extract from Lantana camara L. at different concentration levels. L. camara leaf and seven genotypes of haricot bean responsible for this study were collected from the local farmer’s farm land in Bule Hora Woreda with their local name. Experiment was carried out with completely randomized block design with three replications in petridishes where three seeds of haricot bean were planted in each 84 petridishes and 0 gram/100 millileter (control), 2 gram/75 millileter (treatment 1), 2 gram/50 millileter (treatment 2) and 2 gram/25 millileter (treatment 3) grinded powder of L. camara L.: distil water were applied to petridishes daily. Germination parameters like germination day, number of germinated seeds, plumule length, radicle length, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, germination percentage, germination index and inhibition or stimulation were collected.Results: The result showed that there were variation responses of haricot bean genotypes parameters to each concentration levels of L. camara leaf extracts. Germination day, plumule length and radicle length were significantly influenced by L. camara leaf extract. The values of germination day, plumule length, shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight were decreased with the increasing of concentration levels. From the all genotypes Nasir was highly influenced in days to germination which shifted from 7.67 to 10.33 days. The correlation between concentration and all parameters were also seen that concentration and parameters plumule length (-0.428), shoot fresh weight (-0.015), root fresh weight (-0.237), shoot dry weight (-0.074) and root dry weight (-0.144) showed negatively correlated with concentration level. It can be concluded that allelopathic leaf extracts of lantana can inhibit germination parameters of some haricot bean genotypes which should take attention by breeders and farmers to avoid such weed from the crops.Conclusions: Generally it can be concluded that concentrated aqueous leaf extract of L. camara L. weed species inhibited germination day, plumule length, shoot fresh weight and germination index of haricot bean (p. vulgaris L). High concentration levels of this chemical has high influential power on the germination parameters of this crop. </div>

Download Full-text