scholarly journals Éditorial / Editorial

Aporia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Rochelle Einboden
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Special Edition ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Effi Ciency ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Health Conferences ◽  
Editorial Editorial ◽  
Social Critical ◽  
The University

Special Issue Editorial: 7th In Sickness & In Health International Research Conference: Technologies, Bodies & Health Care F rom 7-9 June 2018 we gathered on the Rozelle Campus of the University of Tasmania, inSydney, Australia to extend the tradition of the In Sickness and In Health Conferences. These conferences were born from like-minded individuals (Helsinki-7) who were interested in creating an international network of critical health scholars and scholarship in relation to power, practice and ethics in health care. At the 7th In Sickness and In Health: Technologies, Bodies and Health Care we came from around the world to engage in critical discussions regarding technology and its interface with the social and material body in health and illness. Nowadays, technologies have permeated and contributed to an ideology of effi ciency across the social, critical conversations are needed more than ever. With opportunities for critical discussions becoming increasingly rare and vitally important, I am very pleased to see us continue the conversation with an even wider audience through this special edition of Aporia – The Nursing Journal. Thank you to all authors who have contributed to this special edition of Aporia – The Nursing Journal. I also extend my gratitude to the Editor-in-Chief of Aporia – The Nursing Journal, Professor Dave Holmes, for the opportunity to continue engaging in critical conversations about the assemblages and relations between technologies, bodies and health. I hope that each and every one of you will fi nd the content of these papers thought provoking and inspiring. I look forward to continuing our conversations at the 8th conference 10-12 June, 2020: People, Origin and the End of the Universe, Lleida, Spain. https://isihconference.com/isih-2020/ Rochelle Einboden, RN, PhD Conference Chair In Sickness & In Health Conference

scholarly journals Health Priority Setting in Iran: Evaluating Against the Social Values Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Hakimeh Mostafavi ◽  
Arash Rashidian ◽  
Mohammad Arab ◽  
Mohammad R. V. Mahdavi ◽  
Kioomars Ashtarian
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health System ◽  
Priority Setting ◽  
Social Values ◽  
City Council ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Technologies ◽  
Health Priority ◽  
The Social

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Health systems, as part of the social system, consider public values. This study was conducted to examine the role of social values in the health priority setting in the Iranian health system.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> In this qualitative case study, three main data sources were used: literature, national documents, and key informants who were purposefully selected from health care organizations and other related institutions. Data was analyzed and interpreted using the Clark-Weale Framework.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> According to our results, the public indirectly participates in decision-making. The public representatives participate in the meetings of the health priority setting as parliament members, representatives of some unions, members of the city council, and donors. The transparency of the decisions and the accountability of the decision makers are low. Decision makers only respond to complaints of the Audit Court and the Inspection Organization. Individual choice, although respected in hospitals and clinics, is limited in health care networks because of the referral system. Clinical effectiveness is considered in insurance companies and some hospitals. There are no technical abilities to determine the cost-effectiveness of health technologies; however, some international experiences are employed. Equity and solidarity are considered in different levels of the health system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Social values are considered in the health priority decisions in limited ways. It seems that the lack of an appropriate value-based framework for priority setting and also the lack of public participation are the major defects of the health system. It is recommended that health policymakers invite different groups of people and stakeholders for active involvement in health priority decisions. </p>

scholarly journals Clinical psychology in Lithuania: Current developments in training and legislation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaldas Kazlauskas ◽  
Neringa Grigutyte
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Clinical Psychologists ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Psychologist ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University

This paper presents an overview of the current status in training and legislation of clinical psychology in Lithuania. Clinical psychology training at the university level in Lithuania started soon after the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1990s and was influenced by the social context and historical-political situation in the country. Currently, legislation for clinical psychology in Lithuania is in progress, and several promising regulations for psychology in health care were introduced in the last decade. However, psychologists, including clinical psychologists, are not licensed in Lithuania. The lack of legislation for psychology is the main obstacle for the recognition and establishment of clinical psychology in the country. In health care, the title ‘clinical psychologist’ is not common; ‘medical psychologist’ is the title used instead to refer to both clinical psychologists and health psychologists. We conclude that while the development of clinical psychology in Lithuania is promising, there is still a long way to go to establish clinical psychology as an important profession in Lithuania.

scholarly journals Anthropology, health and illness: an introduction to the concept of culture applied to the health sciences

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Jean Langdon ◽  
Flávio Braune Wiik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Cultural Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
And Behavior

This article presents a reflection as to how notions and behavior related to the processes of health and illness are an integral part of the culture of the social group in which they occur. It is argued that medical and health care systems are cultural systems consonant with the groups and social realities that produce them. Such a comprehension is fundamental for the health care professional training.

Student Preparation for Dysphagia Practice: Universities and Practicum Sites Supporting a Common Outcome

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (13) ◽  
pp. 122-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Chase ◽  
Lucinda Soares Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Student Performance ◽  
Classroom Setting ◽  
Medical Settings ◽  
Student Preparation ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Connecticut

This article will describe the approach to dysphagia education in a classroom setting at the University of Connecticut (UCONN), explore the disparity between student performance in schools vs. health care settings that was discovered at UCONN, and offer suggestions for practicum supervisors in medical settings to enhance student acquisition of competence.

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

Social attribution, correspondence bias, and the emergence of stereotypes *This research has been completed in partial requirement of a doctoral dissertation of the first author under the supervision of the second author. We wish to thank the members of the social psychology division at the University of Louvain at Louvain-la-Neuve, especially Steve Rocher and Emanuele Castano for their insightful comments on preliminary drafts. This paper has been enriched by feedbacks received from Russell Spears, Roos Vonk, Margit Oswald, and anonymous reviewers. Many thanks to Philippe Kemp and Christophe Remy for their assistance in running the study, and to the students who volunteered to appear on the video. This research has been presented at the Social Cognition workshop of the Kurt Lewin Institute, workshop held at the Free University of Amsterdam in April 1998: we want to thank participants of this workshop and especially Gün Semin for their useful feedback. Completion of this study benefited from a research grant from the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research to the first author.

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Rogier ◽  
Vincent Yzerbyt
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Bias ◽  
Social Attribution ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dispositional Attributions ◽  
Kurt Lewin ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Target ◽  
The University ◽  
Institute Workshop ◽  
Research Grant

Yzerbyt, Rogier and Fiske (1998) argued that perceivers confronted with a group high in entitativity (i.e., a group perceived as an entity, a tight-knit group) more readily call upon an underlying essence to explain people's behavior than perceivers confronted with an aggregate. Their study showed that group entitativity promoted dispositional attributions for the behavior of group members. Moreover, stereotypes emerged when people faced entitative groups. In this study, we replicate and extend these results by providing further evidence that the process of social attribution is responsible for the emergence of stereotypes. We use the attitude attribution paradigm ( Jones & Harris, 1967 ) and show that the correspondence bias is stronger for an entitative group target than for an aggregate. Besides, several dependent measures indicate that the target's group membership stands as a plausible causal factor to account for members' behavior, a process we call Social Attribution. Implications for current theories of stereotyping are discussed.

Health and Medical Informatics Education

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 246-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haux ◽  
F. J. Leven ◽  
J. R. Moehr ◽  
D. J. Protti
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Medical Informatics ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Science Program ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
The University

Abstract:Health and medical informatics education has meanwhile gained considerable importance for medicine and for health care. Specialized programs in health/medical informatics have therefore been established within the last decades.This special issue of Methods of Information in Medicine contains papers on health and medical informatics education. It is mainly based on selected papers from the 5th Working Conference on Health/Medical Informatics Education of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA), which was held in September 1992 at the University of Heidelberg/Technical School Heilbronn, Germany, as part of the 20 years’ celebration of medical informatics education at Heidelberg/Heilbronn. Some papers were presented on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the health information science program of the School of Health Information Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Within this issue, programs in health/medical informatics are presented and analyzed: the medical informatics program at the University of Utah, the medical informatics program of the University of Heidelberg/School of Technology Heilbronn, the health information science program at the University of Victoria, the health informatics program at the University of Minnesota, the health informatics management program at the University of Manchester, and the health information management program at the University of Alabama. They all have in common that they are dedicated curricula in health/medical informatics which are university-based, leading to an academic degree in this field. In addition, views and recommendations for health/medical informatics education are presented. Finally, the question is discussed, whether health and medical informatics can be regarded as a separate discipline with the necessity for specialized curricula in this field.In accordance with the aims of IMIA, the intention of this special issue is to promote the further development of health and medical informatics education in order to contribute to high quality health care and medical research.

Health and Health Care Problems Among the Kumiai of San Antonio Necua and Their Indigenous Relatives in Baja California

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jill Fleuriet
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Baja California ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Medical Pluralism ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Care Problems

The rural Kumiai community of San Antonio Necua is one of the few remaining indigenous communities in Baja California, Mexico. Necuan health and health care problems are best understood through a consideration of the effects of colonialism and marginalization on indigenous groups in northern Baja California as well as a tradition of medical pluralism in Mexico. The lack of traditional healers and biomedical providers in the community, high rates of preventable or manageable illnesses, and a blend of biomedical, folk mestizo, and traditional indigenous beliefs about health and illness reflect current conditions of rural poverty and economic isolation. Descriptions of health and health care problems are based on ethnographic fieldwork among the Kumiai, their Paipai relatives, and their primary nongovernmental aid organization.

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