Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

A Futures Study on the Quality Of Life from the Point Of View of Iranian Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sina Saeedy ◽  
Mojtaba Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Quality of life and satisfaction with life as tightly interconnected concepts have become of much importance in the urbanism era. No doubt, it is one of the most important goals of every human society to enhance a citizen’s quality of life and to increase their satisfaction with life. However, there are many signs which demonstrate the low level of life satisfaction of Iranian citizens especially among the youth. Thus, considering the temporal concept of life satisfaction, this research aims to make a futures study in this field. Therefore, using a mixed model and employing research methods from futures studies, life satisfaction among the students of the University of Tehran were measured and their views on this subject investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed together in order to test the hypotheses and to address the research questions on the youth discontentment with quality of life. Findings showed that the level of life satisfaction among students is relatively low and their image of the future is not positive and not optimistic. These views were elicited and discussed in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological perspectives. Keywords:  futures studies, quality of life, satisfaction with life, youth

Richard Mackenney, Venice as the Polity of Mercy: Guilds, Confraternities, and the Social Order, c. 1250–c. 1650. Toronto Italian Studies. Toronto, Buffalo, and London: University of Toronto Press, 2019, xiii, 471.

Mediaevistik ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 551-552
Author(s):  
Thomas Willard
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Merchant Of Venice ◽  
Legal Scholar ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
Italian Studies ◽  
The Merchant Of Venice ◽  
The Social ◽  
University Town ◽  
The University

Shakespeare is well known to have set two of his plays in and around Venice: The Merchant of Venice (1596) and The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice (1603). The first is often remembered for its famous speech about “the quality of mercy,” delivered by the female lead Portia in the disguise of a legal scholar from the university town of Padua. The speech helps to spare the life of her new husband’s friend and financial backer against the claims of the Jewish moneylender Shylock. The play has raised questions for Shakespearean scholars about the choice of Venice as an open city where merchants of all nations and faiths would meet on the Rialto while the city’s Senate, composed of leading merchants, worked hard to keep it open to all and especially profitable for its merchants. Those who would like to learn more about the city’s development as a center of trade can learn much from Richard Mackenney’s new book.

scholarly journals Getting Moving Together; a field experiment on workplace physical activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sanders ◽  
Karen Tindall ◽  
Alex Gyani ◽  
Susannah Hume ◽  
Min-Taec Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Wearable Devices ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Baseline Activity ◽  
The Social

Importance: Wearable devices are widely used in an effort to increase physical activity and consequently to improve health. The evidence for this is patchy, and it does not appear that wearables alone are sufficient to achieve this end.Objective: To determine whether social comparisons in a workplace setting can increase the effectiveness of wearables at promoting physical activity.Design: A four week randomized controlled trial conducted in November 2015 with employees of a large firm. Participants were randomised to one of two treatment conditions (control vs social comparison) at team level, and teams are formed into ‘leagues’ based on their activity levels before the study. Impact is measured through wearable devices issued to all participants throughout the study duration.Setting: Offices of a large Australian employer.Participants: 646 employees of an Australian employer, issued with wearable activity trackers prior to the beginning of the study. Intervention(s) (for clinical trials) or Exposure(s) (for observational studies). Participants used a wearable device to track steps. Participants had been wearing these for at least four weeks at the outset of the trial, establishing a baseline level of activity. Teams (n=646, k=49), were randomly assigned to either control (k=24), or a social comparison (k=25) treatment. All participants took part in a step-count competition between their team and others at their employer, in which their team’s ranking within a mini-league of five teams, as well as their own activity was communicated each week. The control group had access to the usual features of the wearable, while the social comparison group received additional information about the performance of the other teams in their league, including how far behind and ahead their nearest rival teams were.Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): Number of steps taken per day on average, measured by the wearable devices issued to all participants. Results: A total of 646 participants were included in the study. Compared to the control, participants in the social comparison group took significantly more steps per day during the trial period (an additional 620 steps, 8.2%, p<0.001). These effects are largest in both relative and absolute terms for people whose prior steps were in the bottom quartile of steps (an additional 948 steps, 40%, p<0.001), while the effect on people with highest levels of activity was a precisely estimated null (an additional 6 steps, 0.01%, p=0.98).Conclusions and Relevance: Social comparison increased the effectiveness of wearables at improving physical activity, particularly for those with the lowest baseline activity.

scholarly journals Integration of library services in the context of building university information environment. (Case study of Prioksky State University)

2016 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Olga Borisova ◽  
Natalya Styopina
Keyword(s):  
Academic Library ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
State University ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
The University

The service-oriented approach of the university academic library is highlighted: The social institution of services is to increase quality of living, to be a tool of socializing and adaptation. The authors conclude that in the context of the education new paradigm the services make the focus of Prioksky State University Library to foster efficient library operation and coordination within the university divisions.

scholarly journals Filipino head and neck cancer patients and their quality of life

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Frederic Ivan L. Ting ◽  
Aylmer Rex B. Hernandez ◽  
Reno Eufemon P. Cereno ◽  
Irisyl B. Orolfo-Real ◽  
Corazon A. Ngelangel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>In the management of head and neck cancer (HNC), assessment of quality of life (QoL) is imperative because of the potentially debilitating effect of treatment toxicities. Currently, there are no published data assessing the QoL in Filipino HNC patients, thus this study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>This cross-sectional study utilized the University of the Philippines - Department of Health Quality of Life scale. Patients with head and neck cancers at the University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital from February to September 2019 were invited to participate.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>A total of 418 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 42 years old (range 18 to 73 years old). In general, Filipino head and neck cancer patients had moderate QoL (mean score of 4.59±0.79). All of the QoL domains (physical, emotional, cognitive, and related functions) had a score of 3-5 (moderate), except for the social status domain which had a mean score of 5.51±0.83 (high). Among socio-demographic factors, patients who are employed and with additional funding sources on top of their income have better global QoL (p&lt;0.01). Clinically, patients with higher stages of disease, fungating tumors, post-laryngectomy, have a feeding tube, with a tracheostomy, and had chemotherapy have lower global QoL (p&lt;0.01).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Filipino patients with head and neck cancers have an overall moderate quality of life, with high scores in the social domain. Patients with higher tumor burdens and have been exposed to chemotherapy have lower QoL scores, while patients with financial stability and aid have better QoL scores.</p><p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>

Strengthen the Bond: Relationships Between Academic Advising Quality and Undergraduate Student Loyalty

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Vianden ◽  
Patrick J. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Academic Advising ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Student Outcomes ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Strong Bond ◽  
Student Loyalty ◽  
The University

Extant research suggests that student loyalty, a strong bond between the student and university, positively affects important student outcomes, most notably retention. In this article, we advance the notion that academic advisors should become managers of the student–university relationship. We examine the correlation between respondents' perceived quality of academic advising and their loyalty to the university as measured by our recently developed Student University Loyalty Instrument, administered to 1,207 undergraduates at three comprehensive midwestern institutions. Results suggest that a positive relationship exists between the perceived quality of academic advising and student loyalty, other meaningful indicators of the student–university relationship, and specific student demographic characteristics. Recommendations for academic advising practice are shared.

From Eternity to Here: Shrinkage in American Thinking About Higher Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Galt Harpham
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Educational Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Education Today ◽  
The University ◽  
Private Support

Following WWII, America committed itself to a system of mass liberal education with a core component of the humanities, a system designed to improve the quality of people's lives and strengthen the social bond. This linkage of private and public ends was both symbolized and secured by the combination of public and private support for higher education. Today, the American system is in jeopardy because the private and public entities that support the university have largely turned away from the educational mission even as they have dramatically increased their support for research and other activities. The resulting alteration in the character of the university necessarily comes at a cost to the democratic aspirations and the vision of human flourishing that higher education has traditionally served.

scholarly journals NETWORK COMMUNICATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF STUDENTS: ORGANIZATION OF EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (76) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
A.S. Kuznetsov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Extracurricular Activities ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Network Communication ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Leading Enterprises ◽  
The University

The need to specify the types and forms of communication between the subjects of the educational process in the university is becoming acute. In the current situation and the challenges to institutions of higher education, among them - requirements for quality of training, a change in the students, the competition of universities, the implementation of the educational process in the new, rapidly changing environment; acquiring new personal current practices underutilized in education. This practice is network communication. The universality of interaction, the multiplicity, the diversity of levels, the extreme complexity of representation, put forward problems becomes important. Today, in the social world, interaction acquires special, new characteristics due to the specifics of the interacting forces. And above all, when the bearer of these forces is the person himself, the social subject acting and projecting his own actions. The research studies consider the technologies of interaction of students at different stages of professional development. Therefore, the problem of involving students in new educational and social practices on the basis of network interaction resources – resources used in everyday life-is becoming more relevant. To build an individual trajectory of professional development in the Samara region, an information and communication system "Student and Trud" is being developed, which will become a resource for networking between students and leading enterprises of the Samara region.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Student Team Achiement Divisions (STAD) Cooperative Learning In Science Learning On Analysis Skills and Social Skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Yunita Aryanti ◽  
Eko Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analytical Skills ◽  
The Social ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control

The purpose of this study is (1) to know the effectiveness of the application of STAD cooperative learning to the ability of analysis, to know the effectiveness (2) the application of the STAD type of cooperative learning to the social skills of students in science subjects, and (3) to know the effectiveness of the application of type cooperative learning STAD on students' analytical skills and social skills of students in natural science subjects. This type of research is a quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group. The population in this study were all class VII SMP Negeri 4 Wonosari, amounting to 5 classes. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling technique. The sample of this study, namely class VII A as an experimental class and class VII B as a control class. Research instruments in the form of (1) multiple choice question sheets to determine students' analytical skills, (2) social skills questionnaire sheets, and (3) observation sheets of social skills used during learning. Hypothetical test is parametric through the MANOVA test, followed by the calculation of Cohen's effect size. The results showed that (1) the STAD type cooperative learning model was effective in increasing students' ability to analyze science in science subjects, (2) the STAD type cooperative learning model was effective in increasing the social skills of students in science subjects, and (3) the cooperative learning model STAD type is effective for improving students' analytical skills and social skills in natural science subjects.

scholarly journals Measuring the Quality of Teacher-Child Interaction in Autistic Disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-114
Author(s):  
Claudio Longobardi ◽  
Laura Elvira Prino ◽  
Tiziana Pasta ◽  
Francesca Giovanna Maria Gastaldi ◽  
Rocco Quaglia
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Adaptive Skills ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Support Teacher ◽  
The Relationship

The teacher-child relationship fulfils critical functions for the well being of the child, affecting emotive development, academic achievements, behavioral conducts and relationships with peers. The goal of the presented study is to compare the perceptions of the class teacher and of the support teacher concerning their relationship with subjects with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD; N=14; Mean age =90.07 months; SD=19.36) and with children of the control group (4 classmates per every subject of the experimental group, for a total of 56 pupils, Mean age = 80.36 months; SD=18.33). The perception by the teacher of the class, concerning the relationship with children with ASD, is characterized by higher levels of Conflict, and lower levels of Closeness, if compared with perceptions about the relationship with children of the control group (Conflict: t=-3.317; df= 14.931; p<0.01; Closeness: t= 5.638; df = 65; p < 0.001). The perception of the two teachers only correlates with regards to the Conflict dimension (r=0.769; p < 0.01). In reference to the child's adaptive skills only the social skills scale correlates with the Closeness. This is true in the perception of the support teacher (r=0.598; p<0.05). Finally, we take into account how the perception of the relationship relates with the socio-personal and professional data of the teachers and with the social features of the children.

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