Evaluation of learning and memory enhancing activities of protein extract of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) in Wistar albino rats

Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of paradoxical sleep deprivation (SD) on learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behavior in female Wistar albino rats. Methods: Eight-arm radial maze, open-field test, and light and dark test were used to assess the animals learning and memory and anxiety-like behavior. Results: SD associated with weaker learning and memory and increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in animals. Conclusion: Animals were exposed to SD showed learning and memory impairment and also exhibited increased anxiety- and depressive-like behavior when compared to control animals.

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Effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf and fruit pulp on learning and memory in albino rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20200711 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 403

Author(s):

Pojala Kumar ◽

Krishnakanth K. ◽

Jagadeesh Alla

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Elevated Plus Maze ◽

Methyl Cellulose ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Latency Time ◽

Fruit Pulp ◽

Aegle Marmelos ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Plus Maze ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Background: The objective was to study the effect of Aegle marmelos methanolic extracts of leaf (LE) and fruit pulp extract (FE) on learning and memory in albino rats. 40 healthy wistar albino rats of either sex were randomly divided into 10 groups of 4 each (n=4), weighing about 150 to 200 gm were selected for the study. The extracts i.e. 1ml of 1% carboxy methyl cellulose, LE and FE at doses of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were administered per oral one hour before the experiment.Methods: Learning and memory was assessed by elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze. Latency time and number of entries were assessed by elevated plus maze whereas only latency was assessed by Hebb William maze.Results: Plant extracts of LE and FE at doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg have shown significant percentage reduction in latency time in elevated plus maze and Hebb William maze (p<0.05) and reduction in the number of entries in elevated plus maze.Conclusions: LE and FE at doses 200 mg/kg have shown significant effect on learning and memory.

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Evaluation of Vigilance Promoting Drugs Modafinil and Caffeine on Cognition Enhancing Activities in Wistar Albino Rats-A Comparative Study

Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal ◽

10.13005/bpj/1776 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1463-1470

Author(s):

Amberkar Mohanbabu Vittalrao ◽

Abhishek Chakraborti ◽

Meena Kumari K ◽

Nandit Banawalikar ◽

Kiran Kumar N

Keyword(s):

Passive Avoidance ◽

Escape Latency ◽

Facilitatory Effect ◽

Morris Water Maze Test ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Latency Time ◽

Obstructive Sleep ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Memory Enhancing

Learning process can’t be made simple unless one is wakeful/attentive/aware of present situations. Worldwide, it is known fact that behavioral modulating actions of Caffeine is used in many common beverages, likewise modafinil appears to promote a possible facilitatory effect on cognitive function perhaps that is the primary reason why is it is been used in narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, shiftwork and Jet lag syndrome. The rationale for conducting this animal experiment was to exploit/evaluate the vigilance promoting pharmacological actions of modafinil and compare with caffeine and rivastigmine. It promising agent for various indications like cognitive dysfunctional disorders, chronic alcoholism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. Two drugs modafinil 75mg/kg and caffeine 10mg/kg were used as test drugs and rivastigmine 5mg/kg as standard cognition enhancing and scopolamine 0.5mg/kg to induce amnesia in Wistar albino rats. Three different experimental models were used to screen the memory enhancing activities. The ability of the rats to retain chronic and working memory were screened by standard experiments like T-Maze and passive avoidance respectively. Morris water and T-Maze were used to test navigation and spatial task memory enhancing activities respectively. Total 72 rats were used in the study, 4 groups in each model, and 6 rats in each group. The obtained data were denoted as mean values and statistically analyzed by One-way ANOVA using SPSS 20.0 software. Both the test drugs and rivastigmine treated rats exhibited significant anti- amnesic activities among all three models compared to control (P<0.05). In passive avoidance, rivastigmine ranked maximum in memory retention abilities (17.83), whereas in modafinil treated rats showed similar results however; the rank of increased latency time (15.33 s) was not comparable with caffeine (13.17 s). In T-maze, the no. of mean correct spontaneous and rewarded alternations exhibited by caffeine and modafinil treated rats were 16.50±0.50 and 15.83±0.60 respectively and were comparable to the rivastigmine treated rats. In Morris water maze test, all three drugs caffeine, modafinil and rivastigmine treated group showed significant difference compared to the control. However, caffeine treated rats exhibited statistically significant (P<0.01) least escape latency time at probe trial compared to other groups and rats treated with modafinil showed maximum time in the probe quadrant by 27.37 s. The total amount of time spent in the probe quadrant and escape latency in caffeine and modafinil treated rats were comparable to rivastigmine treated rats.

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EXPLORE THE IMPACT OF NOISE STRESS INDUCED BRAIN WAVE PATTERN AND BEHAVIOUR ALTERATIONS IN WISTAR ALBINO RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2022.v15i1.43731 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 122-126

Author(s):

JEYAKUMARI P ◽

RAVINDRAN RAJAN

Keyword(s):

Learning And Memory ◽

Reference Memory ◽

Wave Pattern ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Brain Wave ◽

Behavioral Alteration ◽

Noise Stress ◽

Y Maze ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

The Impact

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of noise-induced stress and electroencephalogram (EEG) with behavioral alteration in male Wistar albino Rats. Methods: Adult albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. Each group contains six animals. Rats exposed to acute and sub-acute noise, stress (100 dB/4 h) were compared with control animals and assessed for learning and memory using an Eight-arm radial maze, Y-maze, T-maze and also monitoring of brain electrical activity showed by the electro encephalography. Results: The reference memory and working memory error increases, in acute and sub-acute noise stress. The amplitude and frequency also increase in frontal and occipital lobar when compared to control animals. Conclusion: Animals were exposed to noise stress showed learning and memory impairment and also changes in EEG wave pattern.

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Effect of Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) Root Extract Against Gentamicin Induced Changes of Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels in Rats

Journal of Bangladesh Society of Physiologist ◽

10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9756 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 84-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sadia Choudhury Shimmi ◽

Nasim Jahan ◽

Nayma Sultana

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Group B ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Kidney is an important excretory organ. Its damage can be occurred due to prolonged use and higher doses of drugs, exposure to some chemicals, toxins, or infectious agents. Herbal plants as Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) may have free radical scavenging activity thereby can be used for the prevention and treatment of kidney damage. Objective: To observe the nephroprotective effect of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats. Methods: This experimental study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College (SSMC), Dhaka from 1st July 2010 to 30th June 2011. A total number of 35 Wistar albino rats, age ranged from 90 to 120 days, weighing between 150 to 200 grams were included in this study. After acclimatization for 14 days, they were divided into control group (Group A) and experimental group (Group B). Control group was again subdivided into group A1 (baseline control, consisted of 10 rats) and group A2 (gentamicin treated control group, consisted of 10 rats). Again, experimental group (Group B- Ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group) consisted of 15 rats. All groups of animals received basal diet for 22 consecutive days. In addition to this, group A2 also received gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg /kg body weight/day) for the last eight (15th to 22nd day) consecutive days. Again, group B received ashwagandha root extract (500mg/kg body weight/ day; orally) for 22 consecutive days and gentamicin subcutaneously (100mg/kg body weight /day) for last eight (15th to 22nd day) days. All the animals were sacrificed on 23rd day. Then blood and kidney sample were collected. Estimation of serum urea, creatinine levels were done by using standard Laboratory kits. The statistical analysis was done by one way ANOVA and Bonferroni test as applicable. Results: The mean serum urea, creatinine levels were significantly (p<0.001) higher in gentamicin treated control group in comparison to those of baseline control. Again, these levels were significantly (p<0.01) lower in ashwagandha pretreated and gentamicin treated group (experimental group) when compared to those of gentamicin treated group (control). Conclusion: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root may have some nephroprotective effect against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v6i2.9756 JBSP 2011 6(2): 84-89

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Nephroprotective Effect of Asgand Powder (Withania somnifera Dunal) on Cisplatin Induced Renal Injury in Rats

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v10i6-s.4580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6-s) ◽

pp. 22-25

Author(s):

FARHAN AKHTAR ◽

Misbahuddin Azhar ◽

Mohd Aslam ◽

Kalim Javed

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Acute Renal Injury ◽

Unani Medicine ◽

Nephroprotective Activity ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Nephroprotective Effect

Background: The nephroprotective effect of crude powder of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) was studied against cisplatin induced renal toxicity in wistar albino rats of either sex. Results: The powder of Withania somnifera Dunal at dose level 700 and 1400 mg/kg body wt/day showed reduction in elevated blood urea, serum creatinine and uric acid. It was found to protect kidney damage by cisplatin induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by oral administration of Asgand (Withania samnifera Dunal) (700 mg/kg) inhibited the rise in blood urea nitrogen (121.7%), Serum cratinine (76.64%), and uric acid (92.7%). There were 92.71% inhibition in the rise of BUN, 92% inhibition in the rise of serum creatinine and 106.6% inhibition in the rise of uric acid with 1400 mg. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the famous Unani herb Asgand Powder possesses marked nephroprotective activity and could offer a promising role in the treatment of acute renal injury caused by nephrotoxins like cisplatin. Keywords: Withania somnifera Dunal, Cisplatin, Asgand, Nephroprotection, Unani Medicine

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Evaluation and comparison of nephroprotective effect of Hemidesmus indicus Linn. and Withania somnifera Linn. on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Albino rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20181171 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 691

Author(s):

Mugdha Rajeeva Padhye ◽

Sangita Devrao Jogdand ◽

Jagruti Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Withania Somnifera ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Root Extract ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Hemidesmus Indicus ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Renal Tubular ◽

Wistar Albino Rats ◽

Nephroprotective Effect

Background: Nephrotoxicity is a known deleterious effect of Aminoglycoside antibiotics. This class of antibiotics is used very frequently. It is well known that Gentamicin causes renal tubular necrosis in the proximal tubular cells. Phytochemicals are being studied extensively and have proved to be of benefit in various diseases. The use of phytochemicals would minimize the adverse effects encountered with these antibiotics. Comparison between various phytochemicals would help in optimizing dosage and duration of treatment. In the present study we studied and compared the nephroprotective effect of Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. on Gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in Albino rats.Methods: Wistar albino rats weighing 180-250Gms were utilized for the present study. The root extract of these Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. was administered orally to rats for 10 days concurrently with Gentamicin. Nephrotoxicty was assessed following a single dose injection of Gentamicin. Nephroprotective effect was assessed after 10 days of administering Hemidesmus Indicus Linn. and Withania Somnifera Linn. Renal function was assessed using Blood Urea, Serum Creatinie, SOD (Superoxide Dismutase) and MDA (Malondialdehyde) as parameters.Results: Statistically significant improvement in renal function (p <0.05) was seen after administration of Hemidesmus Indicus and Withania Somnifera in Gentamicin treated rats. There was significant reduction in blood urea, serum creatinine and MDA levels with an increase in SOD levels.Conclusions: Withania Somnifera and Hemidesmus Indicus had nephroprotective effect. However, Withania Somnifera was found to be more nphroprotective than Hemidesmus Indicus.

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