scholarly journals Fluoxetine enhances maximal electroshock seizure threshold in Albino rat model when compared to phenytoin

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanmoy Gangopadhyay ◽  
Ananya Mandal ◽  
Uma Shanker Keshri
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Electroconvulsive Seizure

Background: Individuals with epilepsy have a higher incidence of psychiatric disorders than person without epilepsy. Epidemiological studies have shown that the co-morbidity of epilepsy and depression to be high as 50%. The conventional anti-depressants are believed to lower the seizure threshold making it difficult to treat the co-morbid depression, but animal studies have shown SSRIs, a common anti-depressant, to have anti-convulsant properties. So, we propose to study the anticonvulsant effects of fluoxetine, a SSRI, in albino rats against maximal electroshock seizure and to compare against a standard antiepileptic drug phenytoin.Methods: The anticonvulsant effect of fluoxetine was observed in model of maximal electroconvulsive seizure threshold in albino rats. The animals were divided into 3 groups having 6 animals each, receiving distilled water, fluoxetine and phenytoin respectively. The drugs were given orally, and the effect was observed on day 7, 14 and 21. Tonic hind-limb extension was taken as the parameter of electroshock seizure. The effects were compared against a standard anti-seizure drug phenytoin.Results: Fluoxetine showed significant elevation of the seizure threshold following 14 days of administration (P value 0.031). The effect was comparable to phenytoin with no significant difference after 7, 14 and 21 days of treatment (P-value 0.485, 0.699 and 0.818 respectively) though phenytoin showed significant anti-seizure effect since day 7 of treatment.Conclusions: Fluoxetine showed significant anti-seizure activity against electroconvulsive seizure in albino rats.

Discovery of novel substituted N-(6-Chloro-3-cyano-4-phenyl-4H-chromen-2-yl)-2-(4-chloro-phenoxy)-acetamide for biphasic anticancer and anticonvulsant activities

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Chauhan ◽  
Syed Riaz Hashim ◽  
Priyanka Rani ◽  
Sushil Kumar ◽  
Navratan Shrimal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Colon Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽  
Seizure Threshold ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Ht 29

Background : Privileged 4H-chromenes possess the potent anticancer and anticonvulsant actives. By inspiring potency of 4H-chromenes and demands of present era of scaffold, discovery of effective molecule was carried out for the treatment of cancer and conversant. Objective : Designed and synthesized a novel series of 4H-chromene derivatives from one port synthesis for the treatment of cancer and conversant. Method : Substitution of side amide chain was formed in multiple steps on amine group of chromene. Later, anticancer activity of synthesized compounds was investigated against human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Moreover, anticonvulsant activity was also screened out by using maximal electroshock seizure (MES) model and subcutaneous Metrazol Seizure Threshold Test (scMET) in albino Wistar rats. Neurotoxicity was evaluated using by rotarod test. Before the synthesis, docking studies were performed using various molecular targets. Subsequently, the computational study of the titled compounds was performed to predict the pharmacokinetic profile. Result: Among the fifteen tested compounds, A4 and A9 were found to be active against HT-29 cells (growth inhibitory dose 50% (GI50) <11µM). Moreover, compounds A4 showed the protection at 300mg/kg in scMET (h) for albino Wistar rats and compounds A9, A11, A15 exhibited the anticonvulsant effect at the doses 100, 300 and 300 mg/kg, respectively in MES screen(h). Conclusion : Due to these encouraging results, we concluded that both A4 and A9 may be effective against colon cancer. While compound A9 may be used as a considerable effective molecule for the treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the anticonvulsant effect of nimodipine and amlodipine in mice using maximal electroshock test

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Pramod D. Shankpal ◽  
Priyanka M. Tawte
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Neuronal Membrane ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 1

Background: Initial stage of seizure is due to high frequency burst of action potential, caused by long lasting depolarization of the neuronal membrane because of large influx of calcium (Ca) ions into cells. As there is role of calcium channels in the initiation of seizure potential, there may be role of calcium channel antagonists in treatment of epilepsy. Therefore, we assessed the anticonvulsant effect of nimodipine and amlodipine in mice and compared it with phenytoin and sodium valproate.Methods: A total 42 mice were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 mice each. Group 1 vehicle (1% CMC), group 2- phenytoin (25 mg/kg) and group 3- sodium valproate (100 mg/kg) p.o. group 4 and 5- nimodipine (4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg), group 6 and 7- amlodipine (0.7 mg/kg and 1.3 mg/kg) p.o. in 1% CMC. All animals were tested for convulsions with current strength 50 mA for 0.2 seconds, delivered by ear electrodes of electroconvulsiometer. Parameters assessed were presence or absence of convulsions, onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE in seconds, 24 hours mortality.Results: The difference in percentage of mice being protected from electro convulsions was found to be statistically significant in group 5 (nimodipine 8 mg/kg), group 7 (amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg) as compared to group 1(vehicle control) (p= 0.0152). Onset of (latency to) THLE and duration of THLE, expressed as mean (in seconds) ± standard deviation (SD) and analysed using Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test showed significant difference in latency to THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01) and  in duration of THLE among the groups tested (p value <0.01), while post- hoc Dunn’s test showed a statistically significant difference between latency to and duration of THLE in the nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg groups as compared to vehicle control group (p<0.01). No mortality seen within 24 hours of testing in any group.Conclusions: Nimodipine 8 mg/kg and amlodipine 1.3 mg/kg showed significant anticonvulsant activity (absence of tonic hind limb extension), delayed onset of seizures, reduced duration of seizures comparable to positive control (phenytoin and sodium valproate) and more effective than vehicle control.

scholarly journals Effect of Tramadol on Sperm Profile of Male Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I. S. Esua ◽  
U. U. Uno ◽  
U. B. Ekaluo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Head ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Tramadol is a potent analgesic effective in the treatment of mild to severe pains. However, the use of the drug can pose a threat to other organs and systems. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of graded doses of tramadol on sperm profile of male albino rats. Materials and Methods: Eighteen male rats were divided into three groups (A, B and C) using completely randomized design (CRD) with six rats in each group. Rats in group A served as the control group and were given just food and water while groups B and C were given tramadol at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight (BW) respectively, daily for the period of 65 days. The treatment was administered via oral gavage and at the end of the treatments, the rats were sacrificed. Immediately after sacrifice, a puncture was made in the epididymis with a sterile pin and examined for semen pH. The epididymes were processed for epididymal sperm motility, viability, count and sperm head abnormality. Results: There was no significant difference in the weight of testes and semen pH. Sperm viability, sperm motility, sperm count and weight of epididymes significantly reduced (p<0.05) in tramadol treated animals when compared with the control. Results also indicated statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in sperm head abnormalities in rats treated with tramadol when compared with the control. Conclusion: The results obtained from this study reveal that tramadol has negative effects on weight of epididymes, sperm count, sperm viability, sperm motility and sperm head abnormalities in male albino rat as mammalian models in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Screening of anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Biacin Babu ◽  
Madhavrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Epilepsy is one of the major central nervous system disorders. The parent study aimed to screen the anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats.Methods: This study was done in Wistar albino rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups each of six rats. group-I (0.9% normal saline), group-II diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg/BW/ip), group-III carvedilol (1mg/kg/BW/PO), group-IV carvedilol (2 mg/kg/BW/PO) and group-V carvedilol (4 mg/kg/BW/PO). All the groups were administered drugs and subjected to electric shock. Scores of seizures and percentage of protection were recorded to compare between the groups. One was ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnet t test applied to find the statistically significant between the groups.Results: Group-I showed significant difference compared to other groups. Group-II showed significant difference with group-III and IV not with V. High dose of test drug and standard drug showed similar results in percentage of seizures prevention. Control and low doses of test drugs showed significant difference compared to standard and high dose of test drug in seizures prevention.Conclusions: High of carvedilol showed significant seizures prevention compared to low doses and control group.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin induced histomorphometric changes in testes of albino rat

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Kumar Sah ◽  
Saroj Khatiwada ◽  
Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Chandra Bhushan Jha ◽  
Soumya Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

Anticancer drugs like doxorubicin have been found to affect male gonads thereby leading to infertility. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of doxorubicin over short, mid and long term on testes of male albino rats. Sixty male albino rats aged 6-8 weeks were taken for study. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of experimental (each group containing 10 rats) and 3 groups of control (each group containing 10 rats). The experimental groups were given a single dose of doxorubicin i.e. 10 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally and sacrificed after 3 different duration for each group (second week, eighth week and sixteenth week). All rats under 3 control groups were given a single intra-peritoneal dose of 2.5 ml/kg body weight normal saline and sacrificed with their respective experimental groups. Significant difference in diameters (p=0.029) and cross-sectional area (p=0.028) of seminiferous tubules was observed between short term experimental and short term control rats. For both between midterm experimental and midterm control group, and between long term experimental and long term control group, a significant difference in right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), volume of testis (p<0.001 and p=0.038), diameter (p<0.001 for both) and area (p<0.001 for both) of seminiferous tubules was observed. As compared to short term experimental group, midterm experimental group and long term experimental group had significantly lower right testis weight (p<0.001 for both), left testis weight (p<0.001 for both), diameter of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 for both) and cross-sectional area of seminiferous tubule (p<0.001 both). Cross-sections of the seminiferous tubules of all the control groups had normal architecture. However, there was progressive destruction of seminiferous tubules structure across the experimental groups. Doxorubicin has deleterious effect on seminiferous tubules of albino rat testis.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2015 Vol. 3, No. 1: 10-14

scholarly journals Syntheses of Benzo[d]Thiazol-2(3H)-One Derivatives and Their Antidepressant and Anticonvulsant Effects

Marine Drugs ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinghao Jin ◽  
Zhiyang Fu ◽  
Liping Guan ◽  
Haiying Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Forced Swimming Test ◽  
Antidepressant Activity ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Immobility Duration ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure Test ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Swimming Test ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

Thirty-four new benzo[d]thiazol derivatives 2a–2i, 3a–3r, and 4a–4g were synthesized and investigated for their potential antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects. In a forced swimming test, 2c and 2d showed the highest antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects. 2c and 2d displayed a higher percentage decrease in immobility duration (89.96% and 89.62%, respectively) than that of fluoxetine (83.62%). In the maximal electroshock seizure test, 3n and 3q showed the highest anticonvulsant effect, with ED50 values of 46.1 and 64.3 mg kg−1, and protective indices of 6.34 and 4.11, respectively, which were similar to those of phenobarbital or valproate. We also found that the mechanism for the antidepressant activity of 2c and 2d may be via increasing the concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Shipra Kaushik ◽  
Kalpana Gohain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Seizure Models

Objective: Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant. The aim of the study is to assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats.Methods: Albino rats were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats both for MES and PTZ model. One group was used as control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), one as standard (phenytoin in MES model/diazepam in PTZ model), and three groups for the test drug (EEAC in the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In MES model, maximal electrical shock of 150 mA was passed for 0.2 s through earlobe electrodes after 30 min of giving the drugs and normal saline. Different stages of convulsions were noted down along with time spent by the animal in each phase of convulsions. In PTZ model, PTZ was injected 30 min after giving the drugs and normal saline, and onset of action and severity of convulsions were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.Results: EEAC dose dependently reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, and there was increase in latency and occurrence of convulsions in PTZ model.Conclusion: EEAC has anticonvulsant activity.

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