scholarly journals Screening of anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Biacin Babu ◽  
Madhavrao Chavan
Keyword(s):  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Epilepsy is one of the major central nervous system disorders. The parent study aimed to screen the anticonvulsant effect of carvedilol on electrically induced convulsions in Wistar albino rats.Methods: This study was done in Wistar albino rats. A total of 30 rats were divided into 6 groups each of six rats. group-I (0.9% normal saline), group-II diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg/BW/ip), group-III carvedilol (1mg/kg/BW/PO), group-IV carvedilol (2 mg/kg/BW/PO) and group-V carvedilol (4 mg/kg/BW/PO). All the groups were administered drugs and subjected to electric shock. Scores of seizures and percentage of protection were recorded to compare between the groups. One was ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnet t test applied to find the statistically significant between the groups.Results: Group-I showed significant difference compared to other groups. Group-II showed significant difference with group-III and IV not with V. High dose of test drug and standard drug showed similar results in percentage of seizures prevention. Control and low doses of test drugs showed significant difference compared to standard and high dose of test drug in seizures prevention.Conclusions: High of carvedilol showed significant seizures prevention compared to low doses and control group.

scholarly journals Anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus tereticornis n-hexane extract in Wistar albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Shyamjith Manikkoth ◽  
Sheeba Damodar ◽  
Melinda Sequeira ◽  
Kevin Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
High Therapeutic Index ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: To find out a new agent with a high therapeutic index for the treatment of anxiety, an indigenous medicinal plant Eucalyptus terteticornis was screened for its effect on anxiety in experimental animal model.Methods: Thirty six adult Wistar albino rats of both sexes weighing 175-200g were divided into three groups: Group I: DMSO 10% (0.1ml/200g), Group II: hexane extract of leaves of Eucalyptus terteticornis (ETHE) (100mg/kg/body weight), Group III: Diazepam (1mg/kg orally). All test compounds were administered orally for ten days. On tenth day, after one hour of test compounds administration, Wistar rats were taken for elevated plus maze (EPM) and light dark arena (LDA) tests. Statistical comparisons among the groups were performed by One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey Krammer test.Results: The results showed that ETHE treated animals (Group II) significantly (p <0.001) increased the time spent in open arms of EPM and in bright arena of LDA on comparing with normal (Group I).Conclusions: The anti-anxiety activity of Eucalyptus terteticornis can be due to its effect on brain neurotransmitters or due to antioxidant property.

scholarly journals Effect of Amomum subulatum seeds against cypermethrin induced haematological changes in wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Goutham Sagarkatte Puttanna ◽  
Purushotham K. ◽  
Swarnalatha Nayak ◽  
Eesha B. Rao ◽  
Ravi Mundugaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Amomum Subulatum ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Cypermethrin is a well know agricultural pesticide used in the developing countries. It is associated with significant toxic potential on human health. Hence the present study was aimed to evaluate the protective role of Amomum subulatum against cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes in Wistar albino rats.Methods: The albino rats were divided into five different groups of six rats each. Group I considered as normal control, group II cypermethrin control (25mg/kg body weight p.o.), group III only test drug and group IV and V administered with cypermethrin 25mg/kg body weight along test drug 1.08 and 2.16mg/kg body weight for 28 consecutive days. At the end of 28th day blood was withdrawn and total haematalogical parameters were estimated.Results: In the cypermethrin control there was significant reduction in the WBC, Platelet, MCHC and considerable reduction in the haemoglobulin concentration in comparison to normal control. The test drug administered at both dose levels was significantly reversed the cypermethrin induced changes in haematalogical parameters.Conclusions: Authors can conclude that the Amomum subulatum has potency to reverse the cypermethrin induced haematalogical changes.

scholarly journals Effect of Ingested Foods Preheated (With Microwave) in Plastic Containers on the Reproductive Profile of Male Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Onengiyeofori Ibama ◽  
Ugochukwu Chioma ◽  
Joshua Lelesi Konne ◽  
Felix Konne
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Microwave Energy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Plastic Containers

Recently, there has been a notably increased use of microwave energy for heating and processing foods particularly in catering services and in our homes owing to its speed, convenience and efficiency compared to the traditional heating method. Due to the availability and affordability of plastic containers, they are mostly used to contain foods for preheating in a microwave. However, these plastics pose great risk on humans’ health if they get scratched or heated, and leach out chemicals into the contained foods. Also, the microwave energy has been speculated to have posed risks to the health of humans considering the electromagnetic radiations it emits. This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of ingested foods preheated (with microwave) in plastic containers on the reproductive profile of male albino rats. A total of twenty-four (24) male albino rats weighing between 120 to 200 g were used for this study. The rats were divided into three (3) groups (group I, II and III) of eight (8) rats per group. The rats were fed ad libitum with porridge beans and jellof rice with meat and fish daily for 40 days. The foods ingested by group I rats were not preheated in a microwave; the foods ingested by group II rats were put in ceramics and preheated in a microwave for 2 minutes daily; while the foods ingested by group III rats were put in plastic containers (not labeled as ‘‘microwave safe’’) and preheated in a microwave daily for 2 minutes. After an overnight fast, the rats were anaesthetized using chloroform, and blood samples obtained (via cardiac puncture) were used to analyze serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone using the ELISA method. The epididymis was also excised and immediately macerated to obtain semen, which was used for semen analysis. The results obtained showed a significantly decreased (p<0.05) mean LH, FSH, testosterone and sperm count in group III (plastic-microwaved) compared to group I and II. Also noted, was a significantly decreased (p<0.05) sperm count in group II compared to group I. However, there was no significant difference in LH, FSH and testosterone between groups I and II. Conclusively, it was evident from this study that, ingestion of foods preheated (with microwave) in plastic containers overtime, may predispose male rats and thus male individuals to dysfunction in their reproductive system which may eventually lead to male infertility. It is therefore, highly recommended that preheating of foods (with microwave) in plastic containers should be highly prohibited, but should rather be done using ceramics.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study to Demonstrate the Extents of Reversible Changes after Withdrawal of Allethrin Based Mosquito Coil Smoke Exposure along with the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C on Induced Testicular Changes in Male Wistar Albino Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Heena Singh ◽  
Dr. Navneet Kumar ◽  
Dr. Raghvendra Singh ◽  
Dr. Punita Manik ◽  
Dr. Archana Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Mosquito Coil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

This study was an attempt to delineate the effect of allethrin based mosquito coil exposure on male fertility of wistar albino rats. This also includes two months of discontinuation of exposure to know whether there is any reversibility of changes. We also studied the role of an antioxidant (Vitamin C) in ameliorating the effect caused by the coil.The animals in our study were randomized into four groups: group I served as control rats; group II, III and IV received mosquito coil smoke 8 hours a day, 7 days a week for 12 week. Group IV rats co-administered oral supplementation of Vit. C (20 mg/kg body weight) once in a day for the same time period while group III animals were further kept for 8 weeks without any exposure to demonstrate withdrawal effect. Mean testicular weight was maximum in Group IV(1.83±0.30 gm) followed by group I(1.56±0.19gms), group III(1.22±0.42 gms) and group II(0.64±0.09 gm). Mean sperm count ranged from 83.75±9.61 units in Group II to 100.0±16.68 units in Group III, 130.7±14.14 units in Group IV and 157.7±7.92 units (Group I). Mean % abnormal sperm morphology was maximum in Group II (36.95±7.87%) followed by Group III (30.66±9.59%), Group IV (11.97±2.74%) and Group I (5.37±1.28%). Statistically, this difference was significant (p<0.001). This study demonstrates different types of abnormal sperm morphology. This study has its own merit that it also depicts the possible improvement after discontinuation of exposure and vitamin C supplementation.

scholarly journals study Study of the Hepatoprotective Activity of Polyherbal Formulation on Alcohol Induced Hepatotoxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6-s) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
ZALAK CHIRAG SHAH ◽  
Archana Paranjape ◽  
Hardik Soni ◽  
Snigdha Das Mandal ◽  
Janki Patel
Keyword(s):  
Liver Weight ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Polyherbal Formulation ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Many traditional systems of medicines employ herbal drugs for the hepatoprotection. Aim of the study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of polyherbal formulation against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rats. Group I animals were treated with 1% CMC for 18 days. Group II, III and IV animals were treated with 1% CMC, polyherbal formulation 180mg/kg/day and silymarin 100mg/kg/day respectively for 18 days and then orally administration with ethanol 3.76 g/kg/day simultaneously for 18 days. After 24 hours of last dosing, the blood was obtained through retro-orbital plexus under light anaesthesia and the animals were sacrificed.  Hepatoprotective potential was assessed by various biochemical parameters such as AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, TG and thiopentone sodium induced sleep time. Group III rats showed significant (p<0.01) decrease in AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, cholesterol, TG, liver weight(wt.) and relative liver wt. levels while significant (p<0.01) increase in TP levels as compared to group II rats. Hepatoprotective potential of polyherbal formulation 180mg/kg/day was comparable to that of standard drug silymarin 100mg/kg/day. Results of the study were well supported by histopathological observations. This study confirms that polyherbal formulation possesses hepatoprotective potential comparable to that of standard drug silymarin as it exhibited comparable protective potential against PCM induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Keywords: Polyherbal formulation, Hepatoprotective potential, Alcohol, Hepatotoxicity, Silymarin

scholarly journals Hepatotoxic Assessment of Pecralima nitida Seeds Supplemented Diet in Wistar Rats.

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
C. Chukwu Ezinne, U. Osuocha Kelechi S. Ezekwe Ahamefula
Keyword(s):  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Normal Rat ◽  
Group Ii

This study assessed phytochemical constituents of Pecralima nitida seed extract and its effect on liver enzymes activities of male albino rats fed Pecralima nitida seed supplemented diet. A total of twenty male albino rats were used for this study and were randomly divided into four groups of five rats each. Group I was fed with normal rat feed and water, group II was fed with 50% pecralima nitida seed and 50% normal rat feed, group III was fed with  70%  pecralima nitida seed and 30% normal rat feed while group IV was fed with 90% sample and 10% normal rat feed for a period of twenty eight days. The preliminary phytochemical profile showed the presence of flavoniod, saponin, tainins, glycoside, alkaloid, phenol and steroid. These bioactive compounds may contribute to the reputed medicinal efficacy of pecralima nitida seed. Liver enzymes activities such as AST showed no significant difference between the control (24.39 ± 3.6IU/L) and group II (25.88 ± 3.7IU/L) but significantly increased in group III (37.38 ± 7.2IU/L) and group IV (42.19±2.1IU/L). The other enzymes ALT and ALP showed significant statistical increase in groups II-IV (P<0.05). The histological evaluation shows that group III and IV had evidence of degenerative tissues induced by 70% sample and 30% normal rat feed and 90% and 10% normal rat feed.  This however showed and suggested that irrespective of the reputed medicinal relevance of pecralima nitida seed, care should be taken in the quantity of these extract that is consumed as this may exhibit cumulative toxicity leading to functional  impairment in the integrity of the liver.

Role of Cord Blood Carboxyhemoglobin in Detecting Significant Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Neonates with ABO Alloimmunization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahir Tıraş ◽  
Emrah Can ◽  
Şahin Hamilçıkan
Keyword(s):  
Cord Blood ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
Severe Hyperbilirubinemia

Objective This study aimed to assess whether cord blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) levels in jaundiced term neonates with and without a positive direct Coombs test (DCT) and in healthy controls could be used as a predictor of severe hyperbilirubinemia. The percentage of cord blood COHb should be higher among neonates with Coombs-positive ABO hemolytic disease than among those with Coombs-negative ABO incompatibility and higher than that of ABO-compatible control neonates. Study Design This cross-sectional descriptive study of 198 term neonates comprised three subgroups: group I featured 68 DCT-positive ABO-incompatible neonates (ABO + DCT), group II featured 60 DCT-negative ABO-incompatible neonates with hyperbilirubinemia (ABO–DCT), and group III featured 70 healthy controls. COHb was determined by an OSM3 hemoximeter. Results Group I differed from groups II and III for cord blood bilirubin, cord blood hemoglobin, and cord blood hematocrit. Groups I and II had higher mean total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels than group III, while there was no difference in the mean TSB levels between groups I and II. There was no significant difference between the COHb group means for groups I, II, and III (p = 0.98). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve calculated for group I/group III and group II/group III were found to be 0.62 and 0.54, respectively. Conclusion COHb levels did not prove to be superior to the DCT for predicting the risk of developing severe hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates. Key Points

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Acid-base Status Parameters in Newborn with Congenital Surgical Malformations During Perioperative Care Based on Types of Anesthesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
Oleksii Vlasov
Keyword(s):  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Oxygen Mixture ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Anesthesia Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Combined Anesthesia ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction: Congenital malformations (CM) are most common in newborns and infants in the first year of life and require surgical correction in the first hours, days, months of life. Surgical interventions in severely ill babies with malformations can lead to catabolic stress, circulatory and respiratory disorders, metabolism shifts, water-electrolyte, protein, and acid-base status disorders. This study aimed to compare acid-base status in newborns and infants with congenital surgical pathology under different types of combined anesthesia.  Materials and methods: This retrospective study included 150 newborns and infants with CM who required surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on types of provided anesthesia: inhalation by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (group I); inhalation of Sevoran and intravenous anesthesia by Fentanyl (group II); and intravenous combination of Fentanyl and 20% Sodium Oxybutyrate (group III). The analysis included: acid-base status, peripheral oximetry, and the need for an oxygen mixture inhaled by the patient. Results In group I, there was a significant reduction in partial tension of CO2 and increased pH from the pre-surgical status, at the time of induction of anesthesia, during the most painful, traumatic stage, and after surgery compared to group II and III. Peripheral O2 saturation was not critically reduced at all stages of observation except in babies of group I compared to group III at the stage of induction of anesthesia (97.79 ± 2.45 vs. 98.79 ± 1.63, p = 0.0194) and at the most painful period of surgery (96.29 ± 3.47 vs. 98.10 ± 2.47, p = 0.0368). In group I, newborns and infants required higher oxygen concentrations in the inhalation mixture. There was a significant difference in FiO2 between groups I and III during the most painful stage of surgery (0.47 ± 0.29 and 0.33 ± 0.2, p = 0.0071), and immediately after surgery (0.34 ± 0, 19 and 0.26 ± 0.13, p = 0.0246). Conclusion: Among the newborns and infants with CM requiring surgical intervention and combined anesthesia, the most substantial acid-base status changes were observed in the group where anesthesia was provided by Sevoran (sevoflurane) and regional anesthesia (Group I).

scholarly journals Assessment of Outcome of Intrathecal Analgesia in Multiparous Women Undergoing Vaginal Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-155
Author(s):  
Sanjay Melville Masih ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Multiparous Women ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Intrathecal Analgesia

Background: The present study was conducted to assess the outcome of intrathecal analgesia in multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery. Subjects and Methods: The present study was conducted among 80 multiparous women ages ranged 18- 40 years. All patients received 0.5 ml of intrathecal injection of 2.5 mg bupivacaine 0.5% and 1 ml dexamethasone 4 mg plus a 0.5 ml adjuvant. The adjuvants in group I patients were 100 μg morphine, 25 μg fentanyl in group II, 5 μg dexmedetomidine in group III and normal saline in group IV (control group). The primary and secondary outcome was the duration of pain relief, the analgesia onset time, the maximum level of sensory block, the visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded. Results: The mean duration of analgesia in group I was 182.4 minutes, in group II was 170.5 minutes, in group III was 200.4 minutes and in group, IV was 140.2 minutes. The onset of analgesia was 3.9 minutes, 2.8 minutes, 2.7 minutes and 4.5 minutes in group I, II, III and IV respectively. S1 sensory regression time (minutes) was 181.4, 157.4, 185.3 and 130.6 in group I, II, III and IV respectively. Modified Bromage scale 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes after IT in all groups was 0.0. VAS was 1.3, 1.6, 1.6 and 3.1 with significant differences in all groups (P< 0.05). There was non- significant difference in mean age, weight, height and gestational age between all groups (P> 0.05). There was a non- significant difference in APGAR 1, 5, umbilical pH immediately after delivery, neonatal HR after 5minute, 15 minutes and 30 minutes in all groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The authors found that dexmedetomidine is a safe and effective adjuvant to intrathecal bupivacaine-dexamethasone in multiparous women undergoing normal vaginal delivery.

scholarly journals A clinical comparison of high dose and low dose of Suxamethonium

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
RK Yadav ◽  
PC Majhi ◽  
D Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Duration Of Action ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Suxamethonium having its rapid onset and short duration of action makes this drug unique amongst the neuromuscular blocking drugs described so far. However, use of suxamethonium is associated with a large number of undesirable side effects. Objective: To evaluate clinical effects of high and low dose of suxamethonium and to determine whether lower dose of suxamethonium can be used for any beneficial effects in terms of its various adverse effects e.g. cardiovascular responses, post-operative muscle pains and intraocular pressure. Methods: A total of 100 patients were included in this prospective study. All these patients on preoperative clinical evaluation were assessed to have adequate airway. All the patients were divided in two groups, low dose group (group I) and High dose group (group II) with 50 patients in each at random. A standard anesthetic technique was adhered to all the patients and following parameters were observed on comparative basis: a. Fasciculation and post operative myalgia. b. Cardiovascular effects, c. Intraocular pressure. Observation: The incidence of post Suxamethonium pain was significantly greater in group II. Increase in heart rate from baseline was significant in both groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the diastolic pressure but rise in systolic blood pressure was significant at all assessment times in both groups. This rise from control was statistically significant. Conclusion: Suxamethonium can be used in lower doses (0.5 mg/kg) in elective cases without airway compromise. It gives benefits of reduced muscle pains, cardiovascular responses and intraocular hypertension. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-2, 1-8 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i2.9677

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