scholarly journals Anticonvulsant activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves by pentylenetetrazol model: preliminary evaluation in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703
Author(s):  
Sumitha A. ◽  
Dhanasekaran R. ◽  
Prathiba A. ◽  
Geetha M.
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Clonic Seizures

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves by MES model in rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Sumitha A. ◽  
Saranya R. ◽  
Dhanasekaran R. ◽  
Geetha M.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Righting Reflex

Background: Epilepsy is the commonest neurological condition affecting people of all ages, race and social class. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on maximal electroshock model in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of Phenytoin on Maximal electro shock model.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using MES (Maximal electroshock) model. Phenytoin (25mg/kg) as standard for Maximal electroshock, and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) were used as test drugs. Parameters observed in MES were abolition of hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) and time taken to regain righting reflex.Results: In MES model, control group showed 0% protection and standard phenytoin group showed 100% protection. Aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed 33.33% and 50% protection from seizures respectively. The mean duration of time to regain righting reflex was significantly reduced in Adhatoda vasica groups when compared to control group (p <0.001). When groups 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Adhatoda vasica were compared for mean difference in the duration of time to regain righting reflex, statistically non-significant results (p >0.05) were obtained.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in MES model.

Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3391-3395
Author(s):  
Sadgunottama goud kamparaj ◽  
Kudagi B L ◽  
Karikal H P ◽  
Muthiah N S ◽  
Pravin Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Iii Inhibitor ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Iii ◽  
Different Doses

The present study is objected to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy. Conventional anti-epileptic rodent models like Maximal Electric Shock (MES)- induced convulsions and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions were used. The animals were randomly divided into six groups, with six rats in every group. Here anti-epileptic activity of cilostazol with two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p) was compared with standard drug and standard drug + Cilostazol two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p). Cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p) exhibited an anticonvulsant effect in MES-induced and PTZ induced convulsion models over the Control group and cilostazol (10 mg/kg i.p). Standard drugs were shown superiority in seizure suppression activity than cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p). The time duration of onset of clonic convulsion and period of clonic convulsions in PTZ induced convulsion were increased and decreased respectively when compared to Standard drug + cilostazol both doses and standard drug alone. Phenytoin abolished convulsions induced by MES- convulsion model. So the present study established that cilostazol has low anticonvulsant efficacy in comparison with conventional drugs (Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate). The potentiating effect of cilostazol with standard drugs was also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Study of anticonvulsant activity of acetazolamide on albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kumar K. H. ◽  
Kishore M. S.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Seizure Model ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. 30-40% of patients will continue to have seizures despite the use of antiepileptic drugs either alone or in combination. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide (ACZ) in albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate.Methods: Albino rats (150-200gms) of male sex were randomly selected, from central animal facility, MMCRI, Mysore. They were divided into 6groups (per model) of 6 rats each, control group-normal saline 0.5ml, standard group-sodium valproate (300mg/kg), dose 1-ACZ (8.75mg/kg), dose 2-ACZ (17.5mg/kg) and dose 3-ACZ (35mg/kg), dose 4-ACZ (8.75mg/kg) with sodium valproate (150mg/kg). The anti-convulsant activity was screened using MES model and PTZ model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD test. The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity at the dose of 17.5mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight and combination of ACZ 8.75mg/kg with sodium valproate 150mg/kg both in MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of ACZ was less when compared to Sodium Valproate in both MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of combination, ACZ 8.75mg/kg with Sodium valproate 150mg/kg was comparable and more significant when compared to standard drug alone in MES model and PTZ model.Conclusions: The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity in MES model and PTZ induced seizure model of epilepsy. This study has shown that ACZ potentiated the effect of sodium valproate and can be used as add on drug with sodium valproate in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant Effect of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. (Moraceae) Aqueous Extract in Rodents

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Kolibea Mante ◽  
Donatus Wewura Adongo ◽  
Eric Woode ◽  
Kennedy Kwami Edem Kukuia ◽  
Elvis Ofori Ameyaw
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Gabaergic System ◽  
Anticonvulsant Drugs ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Test ◽  
Ptz Test

Antiaris toxicaria (Moraceae) was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in rodents. Animal models used include maximal electroshock test (MEST); pentylenetetrazole-induced (PTZ) convulsions; picrotoxin-induced (PCT) convulsions; strychnine- (STR-) and 4-aminopyridine-induced convulsions. Increase in latency to seizures as well as reduction in duration and frequency of seizures indicated anticonvulsant activity. The extract was more effective in all models used except the maximal electroshock test and strychnine-induced convulsions. Antiaris toxicaria aqueous extract (200, 400, and 800 mg kg−1) significantly () shortened the duration of convulsions in PTZ- and PCT-induced seizures. Delay in the onset of convulsions in the two tests was significant (). Reduction in the frequency of seizures was also significant () in both tests. Antiaris further delayed the onset of seizures in 4-aminopyridine model while producing 75% protection against death in mice. Diazepam (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg kg−1), carbamazepine (3, 10, and 30 mg kg−1), and sodium valproate (100–400 mg kg−1) were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for various models. Flumazenil blocked the effect of the extract in the PTZ test significantly suggesting that Antiaris toxicaria may be acting by enhancing the effects of the GABAergic system. Antiaris toxicaria aqueous extract therefore possesses anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIEPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AZIMA TETRACANTHA ROOT IN MICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Madhavi Eerike ◽  
Venu Gopala Rao Konda ◽  
Ruckmani Arunachalam ◽  
Umar Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Antiepileptic Activity ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Azima Tetracantha

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of ethanolic extract of Azima tetracantha root (EEATR) against Maximal electroshock (MES) and Pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures in mice.Methods: 48 adult male mice were used and 4 groups with six in each were allocated to each model. 4 Groups are divided into control, standard and two test groups. Control group received normal saline, standard group, Sodium valproate-200 mg/kg and the two test groups received ethanolic extract of roots of Azima tetracantha (EEATR) 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. Antiepileptic activity was assessed based on hind limb tonic extension duration, onset of convulsions and mortality. The results were compared with control and standard.Results: In MES model EEATR reduced the duration of hind limb extension (HLE) and seizure protection was 50% and 66.6% with 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively. In PTZ model both the doses of EEATR delayed the onset of clonic phase and prevented death in 50% of animals in group treated with 500 mg/kg EEATR, similar to sodium valproate. Results were analyzed by ANOVA with p<0.05 considered as significant.Conclusion: EEATR has shown anticonvulsant activity in both MES and PTZ models. 500 mg/kg of EEATR has better protection than 250 mg/kg against seizure in MES model and equally efficacious as sodium valproate standard in PTZ model.

scholarly journals Ameliorative potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract in generalized seizures in rat: Possible cholinergic mediated mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Kenza Bezza ◽  
Zineb El Gabbas ◽  
Jawad Laadraoui ◽  
Mehdi Ait Laaradia ◽  
Sara Oufquir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Latency Duration

The present study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum using pilocarpine-induced experimental model of epilepsy in rat, and to determine its possible anticonvulsant mechanism. Ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) or alkylamides (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered orally 45 min before the injection of pilocarpine-induced (400 mg/kg) seizures. The possible anticonvulsant mechanism was investigated by testing the effect of atropine (2 mL/kg) and scopolamine (1 mg/kg). The scoring of seizure severity, seizures time latency, duration of total seizures and percentage of mortality protection were recorded. Ethanol extract and alkylamides prolonged the time of onset seizure and decreased the duration of seizures compared to control group (p<0.001). The seizure protection was 100%. The co-administered of ethanol extract of A. pyrethrum and alkylamides with atropine completely abolished the pilocarpine-induced seizures. Video Clip of Methodology: Anticonvulsant effect: 6 min 7 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic Effect of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae) Extract in Streptozocin (STZ) Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Laxmi Shrestha ◽  
Amit Shrivastava ◽  
Bishal Joshi ◽  
Buddhi Raj Pokhrel ◽  
Shanti Gurung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Standard Group

INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Nigella sativa also known as black cumin, is an emerging miracle herb with a rich historical and religious background. In the present study, we have attempted to study the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa on diabetes-induced rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS This preclinical study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology from August to October 2019. In this study, hyperglycemia was induced by a single intraperitoneal dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin in 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5). Animals were divided into five groups containing normal control, negative control, standard, test-1, and test-2. The aqueous extract of Nigella sativa was administered 400 and 800 mg/kg per oral in both the test groups for 18 days. Blood glucose level was measured at three-days interval by glucometer. Oral glucose tolerance test was done by administrating 2 gm/kg per oral glucose and the blood glucose was recorded every two-hours interval for eight hours. RESULTS An oral glucose tolerance test showed a decrease in blood glucose level at the dose of 400 and 800 mg/kg compared to the negative control group. The administration of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa for 18 days showed significant decrease in blood glucose level (p=0.001) compared to negative control group. The blood glucose level in test 1 (400 mg/kg) was significantly reduced compared to the standard group (p***<0.001). The blood glucose level in test 2 at 18th day was less significant (p*< 0.05) compared with standard group and test 1 (p**<0.01, p***<0.001). CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa has significant hypoglycemic effect in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA IN ALBINO MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Dipjyoti Deka ◽  
Pinaki Chakravarty ◽  
Ayan Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Absence Seizures ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of aqueous extract of <em>Centella asciatica</em> in maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>The anticonvulsant activity of leaves of <em>Centella asciatica </em>(200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) in mice was assessed using MES and PTZ induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension (MES and PTZ) and increase in seizure latency (PTZ) when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. The test was considered to be significant at p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> at a dose of 200 mg/kg has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 1 out of 6 animals in MES while there was no anticonvulsant action in PTZ convulsions. At a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect against both MES and PTZ convulsions, where it has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 4 mice in MES method and in all 6 mices in PTZ method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> showed efficacy in both MES and PTZ convulsions in mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Since the clinical correlates of MES seizures are tonic-clonic convulsions and correlates of PTZ seizures are absence seizures, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> is likely to be useful in the treatment of tonic-clonic and absence seizures.</p>

scholarly journals CHRONIC ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF GHEE PREPARED WITH HUMBOLDTIA VAHLIANA (ATTUVANCHI BARK) – AN ETHNOMEDICINAL PRACTICE IN KERALA

2020 ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
R.Sreelekshmi ◽  
M.S Deepa
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Group I

Humboldtia vahliana Wight, Ic.tt belongs to the family Caesalpiniaceae is an unarmed erect small tree, commonly called as Attuvanchi in Malayalam. Stem bark which is used in the treatment of apasmara by tribal healers of Urulanthanni area, Ernakulum district in Kerala, India. Apasmara of Ayurveda aptly comes under the epilepsy of modern literature, especially under tonic-clonic / generalized seizure. Epilepsy (Apasmara) is an electrical disturbance resulting from sudden, recurrent, and disorderly discharge of neurotransmitter in brain cells. The prevalence of epilepsy has been estimated at 5-10 persons per1000. In this study ghee prepared with Humboldtia vahliana (GHV) was tested for chronic anticonvulsant effect by Maximal electro shock seizure test in female wistar albino rats (150-200mg). The experiment was carried out with 5 groups having 6 albino rats per group. ‘Phenytoin’ was given to the standard group. Group I, III, IV, V were given distilled water, vehicle (cow’s ghee), effective dose of GHV, double dose of GHV respectively. Complete abolition or reduction time (in seconds) of hind limb extension is considered as anticonvulsant activity of drug. At the end of experiment effective dose of GHV and double dose of GHV showed significant chronic anticonvulsant action as compared with vehicle and control. Group IV (effective dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension (THE) by 44.34%with p value 0.007 (compare with control). Group V (double dose) was able to reduce the Time of Tonic Hind Limb extension by 59.53% with p value 0.004 (compared with control). This change was statistically significant at p<0.05.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni - Teramnus labialis Spreng

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta . ◽  
Seema Pradeep ◽  
Shiva Manjunath M.P
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw

Background: Mashaparni is a plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and used in ayurvedic system of medicine and is being used in diet by various people of India and it also forms a part of traditional Indian cuisine. Teramnus labialis Spreng as accepted botanical source of Mashaparni. Mashaparni is widely used as Balya drug as mentioned by Charaka acharya in Balyamahakashaya gana. Hence this study is aimed to evaluate the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni. Methodology: Experimental studies to determine the Immunomodulatory activity of Mashaparni Teramnus labialis Spreng by antigen induced rat paw oedema in Wister albino rats and the drug in the Aqueous and Ethyl extract form respectively. The studies were carried out on 4 groups i.e. Control group, Standard group, Aqueous extract and Ethyl extract form. Standard drug taken for the study is Guduchi Tinospora cordifolia in Ethyl extract form. Immunomodulatory activity determined by Delayed Type Hypersensitivity method with the help of Digital Plethysmograph method for duration of 15 days. The rat paw volume was the assessment parameter and the results were recorded at 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 24th hours after induction of antigen. Results: The Aqueous extract of Mashaparni shows a significant Immunomodulatory action compared to Ethyl extract of Mashaparni.

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