Evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3391-3395
Author(s):  
Sadgunottama goud kamparaj ◽  
Kudagi B L ◽  
Karikal H P ◽  
Muthiah N S ◽  
Pravin Kumar R
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Iii Inhibitor ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Iii ◽  
Different Doses

The present study is objected to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the phosphodiesterase III inhibitor cilostazol in the animal model of epilepsy. Conventional anti-epileptic rodent models like Maximal Electric Shock (MES)- induced convulsions and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced convulsions were used. The animals were randomly divided into six groups, with six rats in every group. Here anti-epileptic activity of cilostazol with two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p) was compared with standard drug and standard drug + Cilostazol two different doses (10 mg/kg i.p and 20 mg/kg i.p). Cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p) exhibited an anticonvulsant effect in MES-induced and PTZ induced convulsion models over the Control group and cilostazol (10 mg/kg i.p). Standard drugs were shown superiority in seizure suppression activity than cilostazol (20 mg/kg i.p). The time duration of onset of clonic convulsion and period of clonic convulsions in PTZ induced convulsion were increased and decreased respectively when compared to Standard drug + cilostazol both doses and standard drug alone. Phenytoin abolished convulsions induced by MES- convulsion model. So the present study established that cilostazol has low anticonvulsant efficacy in comparison with conventional drugs (Phenytoin and Sodium Valproate). The potentiating effect of cilostazol with standard drugs was also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves by pentylenetetrazol model: preliminary evaluation in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1703
Author(s):  
Sumitha A. ◽  
Dhanasekaran R. ◽  
Prathiba A. ◽  
Geetha M.
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Adhatoda Vasica ◽  
Clonic Seizures

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model.

scholarly journals Anticonvulsant Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Citrullus colocynthis Fruit

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. NP31-NP35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Mehrzadi ◽  
Asie Shojaii ◽  
Sogol Attari Pur ◽  
Manijeh Motevalian
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Iranian Traditional Medicine ◽  
Opioid Systems ◽  
Different Doses

This study investigated the anticonvulsant activity of Citrullus colocynthis fruit extract used traditionally in the treatment of convulsion. Albino mice were pretreated with extract in different doses (10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg), prior to injection of pentylenetetrazole. Animals received pretreatments with naloxone and flumazenil to further clarify the mechanisms of anticonvulsant action. The total flavonoid content of Citrullus colocynthis extract was also determined. Citrullus colocynthis hydroalcoholic extract with doses 25 and 50 mg/kg prolonged the onset of seizures and decreased the duration compared with control group. Pretreatment by flumazenil could inhibit the effect of Citrullus colocynthis on latency of seizure to some extent and administration of naloxone significantly inhibited changes in latency and duration of seizure produced by Citrullus colocynthis. This study showed that Citrullus colocynthis has significant anticonvulsant effect in pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures in mice, and these effects may be related to its effect on γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic and opioid systems. These results confirmed the traditional use of Citrullus colocynthis in Iranian traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Ameliorative potential of Anacyclus pyrethrum extract in generalized seizures in rat: Possible cholinergic mediated mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-195
Author(s):  
Kenza Bezza ◽  
Zineb El Gabbas ◽  
Jawad Laadraoui ◽  
Mehdi Ait Laaradia ◽  
Sara Oufquir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Onset Seizure ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Full Screen ◽  
Time Latency ◽  
Latency Duration

The present study evaluates the anticonvulsant activity of the roots of Anacyclus pyrethrum using pilocarpine-induced experimental model of epilepsy in rat, and to determine its possible anticonvulsant mechanism. Ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) or alkylamides (25 and 50 mg/kg) was administered orally 45 min before the injection of pilocarpine-induced (400 mg/kg) seizures. The possible anticonvulsant mechanism was investigated by testing the effect of atropine (2 mL/kg) and scopolamine (1 mg/kg). The scoring of seizure severity, seizures time latency, duration of total seizures and percentage of mortality protection were recorded. Ethanol extract and alkylamides prolonged the time of onset seizure and decreased the duration of seizures compared to control group (p<0.001). The seizure protection was 100%. The co-administered of ethanol extract of A. pyrethrum and alkylamides with atropine completely abolished the pilocarpine-induced seizures. Video Clip of Methodology: Anticonvulsant effect: 6 min 7 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA IN ALBINO MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Dipjyoti Deka ◽  
Pinaki Chakravarty ◽  
Ayan Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Absence Seizures ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of aqueous extract of <em>Centella asciatica</em> in maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>The anticonvulsant activity of leaves of <em>Centella asciatica </em>(200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) in mice was assessed using MES and PTZ induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension (MES and PTZ) and increase in seizure latency (PTZ) when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. The test was considered to be significant at p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> at a dose of 200 mg/kg has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 1 out of 6 animals in MES while there was no anticonvulsant action in PTZ convulsions. At a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect against both MES and PTZ convulsions, where it has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 4 mice in MES method and in all 6 mices in PTZ method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> showed efficacy in both MES and PTZ convulsions in mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Since the clinical correlates of MES seizures are tonic-clonic convulsions and correlates of PTZ seizures are absence seizures, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> is likely to be useful in the treatment of tonic-clonic and absence seizures.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. In Rodents

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Prakash Kore ◽  
Nilofar Shahnwaj Naikwade ◽  
Padma Laxmikant Ladda ◽  
Tabbasum Shabbirahmad Shikalgar ◽  
Shirish Sidgonda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Perennial Plant

Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. is the perennial plant belongs to family Fabaceae, commonly called as Pigeon pea plant. The presence of phytoconstituents like flavonoids, the flavanone (substituted) from Cajanus cajan (L) Millsp. have in vitro neuroactive property. This flavanone named as pinostrobin helps to inhibit voltage – gated sodium channels. Because of its bioactive phytoconstituents it may act as antiepileptic drug. To avoid problems like ADR herbal plant might be alternative to treat epilepsy. The current study was therefore carried out to evaluate antiepileptic activity of Ethanolic extract of leaves of Cajanus cajan in rodents. The effect of ELECC in MES-induced convulsions in rat and PTZ-induced convulsion in mice was evaluated using doses 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for 7 days. Phenytoin (25 mg/kg), Diazepam (4 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for respective model. Depending on the model, outcome measures were abolishment of Hind Limb Tonic Extensor phase in MES-induced convulsion in rat and onset of latency, recovery or death in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice as well as biochemical estimation of amino acid neurotransmitter (GABA, Glutamate) were evaluated. The ELECC at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly delayed the HLTE phase in MES-induced convulsions in rat whereas, significantly increased onset of latency in PTZ-induced convulsion in mice. It also showed significant (p>0.0001) effect on the level of GABA and Glutamate in dose dependent manner in both models. The phytochemical study of C. cajan showed the presence of Glycosides, Flavonoids, Flavonones, Steroids, Tannins, Fixed oil, Fatty acids and Proteins. As the flavonoids present in C. cajan may contribute to the anticonvulsant activity of the plant. Therefore, the presence of such compounds in the extract may be responsible for the anticonvulsant effect. Therefore, present study validates its anticonvulsant activity. Further, research is required to elucidate its specific mechanism of action and isolation of responsible active principles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (Mazaceae) herb

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-807
Author(s):  
Saiqa Ishtiaq ◽  
Ayesha Ilyas ◽  
Numera Irshad ◽  
Uzma Niaz ◽  
Uzma Hanif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Different Doses

Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract of Mazus pumilus (Mazaceae) herb. Methods: Anti-nociceptive activity was determined using hot plate, tail flick and acetic acid-induced writing methods. Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema (0.1 mL of 1 %) model was used for the assessment of anti-inflammatory activity. The methanol extract was administered orally at three different doses (150, 300 and 600 mg/kg) to three separate groups in all the experiments. Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/kg) was used as standard drug while control group received DMSO (1 %, 10 mL/kg). The hepatocurative effect of methanol extract of M. pumilus (400 mg/kg) was determined in isoniazid (50 mg/kg) and rifampicin (100 mg/kg) induced liver injury. Silymarin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard drug for comparison. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). Preliminary phytochemical screening was also carried out. Results: The methanol extract of M. pumilus significantly (p < 0.05) augmented latency time and reduced the number of writhes in the pain models at all doses used for the assessment of antinociceptive actions. The anti-inflammatory activity of different doses of extract was evaluated by measuring the reduction in the size of the paw. A significant (p < 0.05) hepatocurative effect was observed when administered after anti-tuberculosis drugs. Histopathological analysis of the liver tissues also revealed restored hepatocellular architecture. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects of the methanol extract of M. pumilus, thus substantiating the ethnomedical claims associated with the herb.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIUROLITHIATIC PROPERTY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FENNEL SEEDS IN MALE WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Basvaraj Poojar ◽  
Balaji Ommurugan ◽  
Shalini Adiga ◽  
Huban Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Treatment Of Urolithiasis ◽  
Different Doses

Objective: Few studies have explored the diuretic property of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Hence, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antiurolithiatic property of ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in male Wistar albino rats.Methods: Prophylactic and curative urolithiasis models were used with 5 groups of 6 rats in each model. Ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in three doses 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg was used. Cystone 750 mg/kg was used as a standard drug. All drugs were administered orally. Zinc discs were surgically implanted in the bladder in all rats. After recovery, rats in the prophylactic model received three different doses of ethanolic extract of fennel seeds along with 1% ethylene glycol for 2 weeks whereas the rats in the other model received 1% ethylene glycol for 2 weeks followed by an ethanolic extract of fennel seeds in three doses for the next 2 weeks. Both models had a control group receiving 1% ethylene glycol. At the end of study period, rats were sacrificed and vesical calculi collected, weighed, and statistically evaluated using one-way ANOVA.Results: In both the models, all three doses of an extract of fennel seeds were effective in reducing stone formation as compared to control group with p<0.05. In both the models, all three test doses were comparable with cystone, but 300 mg/kg extract in prophylactic showed significance (p <0.05) when compared to standard.Conclusion: Fennel seeds can be used prophylactically as well as curatively in the treatment of urolithiasis. However, further studies and clinical trials are warranted to explore this property.

scholarly journals Antiplasmodial activity of methanol leaf extract of Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) Swingle

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-280
Author(s):  
Ette Ettebong ◽  
Peace Ubulom ◽  
Aniekeme Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Different Doses

Introduction: Citrus aurantifolia (Christm) is a plant used for the treatment of various ailments including malaria. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo antiplasmodial efficacy of methanol leaf extract of C. aurantifolia in Swiss albino mice. Methods: The median lethal dose (LD50) was determined by intraperitoneal administration of different doses of the extract (100–4000 mg/kg) to 6 groups of 3 mice each and the animals were observed for 24 hours for physical signs of toxicity. To evaluate the antiplasmodial activity of the extract, three models were used: suppressive, curative and repository. Doses of the extract used were 320, 640 and 960 mg/kg/d in mice, with Chloroquine (5 mg/kg/d) as standard drug. Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg/d) was used as the standard drug for the repository test and distilled water (10 mL/kg/d) as control in all models. Results: In all models, the low dose (320 mg/kg) of the extract produced the highest chemosuppressive effects in all models (P < 0.001). Mice treated with extract lived longer than those in the control group (P < 0.001). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycosides and the LD50 of 3280 mg/kg ± 0.01 shows that the extract has low toxicity. Conclusion: The result of this study shows that C. aurantifolia has antiplasmodial properties which support its use in ethnomedicine in the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Study of anticonvulsant activity of acetazolamide on albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Hemanth Kumar K. H. ◽  
Kishore M. S.
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sodium Valproate ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Seizure Model ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder. 30-40% of patients will continue to have seizures despite the use of antiepileptic drugs either alone or in combination. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of Acetazolamide (ACZ) in albino rats and its influence on anticonvulsant activity of sodium valproate.Methods: Albino rats (150-200gms) of male sex were randomly selected, from central animal facility, MMCRI, Mysore. They were divided into 6groups (per model) of 6 rats each, control group-normal saline 0.5ml, standard group-sodium valproate (300mg/kg), dose 1-ACZ (8.75mg/kg), dose 2-ACZ (17.5mg/kg) and dose 3-ACZ (35mg/kg), dose 4-ACZ (8.75mg/kg) with sodium valproate (150mg/kg). The anti-convulsant activity was screened using MES model and PTZ model.Results: Results were analysed by ANOVA followed by post hoc Fisher’s LSD test. The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity at the dose of 17.5mg/kg and 35mg/kg body weight and combination of ACZ 8.75mg/kg with sodium valproate 150mg/kg both in MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of ACZ was less when compared to Sodium Valproate in both MES model and PTZ model. The anticonvulsant activity of combination, ACZ 8.75mg/kg with Sodium valproate 150mg/kg was comparable and more significant when compared to standard drug alone in MES model and PTZ model.Conclusions: The ACZ has shown anticonvulsant activity in MES model and PTZ induced seizure model of epilepsy. This study has shown that ACZ potentiated the effect of sodium valproate and can be used as add on drug with sodium valproate in epilepsy.

scholarly journals Hyperbaric oxygen in animal model of rheumatoid arthritis: Analysis of HIF-1α, ACPA and IL-17a

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Titut Harnanik ◽  
Sapta Prihartono ◽  
Tedy Juliandhy
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peptide Antibody ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Different Doses

Antigen and collagen-induced arthritis (ACIA) is animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of different doses of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) exposure in reducing inflammation on ACIA through analysis hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and interleukine 17a (IL-17a). 24 male Balb/C mice were divided into 3 groups, 8 mice did not receive HBO exposure as a control group (G1) and 16 mice received HBO exposure as treatment group (G2 and G3). G2 was ACIA which was exposed to HBO 2.4 ATA O2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 10 consecutive days. G3 was ACIA which was exposed to HBO 2.4 ATA O2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 5 consecutive days, break 5 days, 5 consecutive days. ACPA and IL-17a were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The expression of HIF-1α was measured by immunohistochemistry technique. There was significant decrease of ACPA levels, IL-17a levels and HIF-1α expression (P< 0.05) in G2 and G3 compared to G1. There was not significant decrease of ACPA levels (P> 0.05), there was significant decrease of IL-17a levels and HIF-1α expression (P<0.05) in G2 compared to G3. G2 was a group with a higher oxygen partial pressure than G3. HBO 2.4 ATAO2 100% 90 minutes divided by 3 each 30 minutes intervals 2 times 5 minutes breathing with normal air for 10 consecutive days more effective in reducing inflammation than exposure 5 consecutive days, break 5 days, 5 consecutive days in ACIA. HBO has therapeutic potential for the treatment of RA.

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