Anticonvulsant Effect of Antiaris toxicaria (Pers.) Lesch. (Moraceae) Aqueous Extract in Rodents

Antiaris toxicaria (Moraceae) was evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in rodents. Animal models used include maximal electroshock test (MEST); pentylenetetrazole-induced (PTZ) convulsions; picrotoxin-induced (PCT) convulsions; strychnine- (STR-) and 4-aminopyridine-induced convulsions. Increase in latency to seizures as well as reduction in duration and frequency of seizures indicated anticonvulsant activity. The extract was more effective in all models used except the maximal electroshock test and strychnine-induced convulsions. Antiaris toxicaria aqueous extract (200, 400, and 800 mg kg−1) significantly () shortened the duration of convulsions in PTZ- and PCT-induced seizures. Delay in the onset of convulsions in the two tests was significant (). Reduction in the frequency of seizures was also significant () in both tests. Antiaris further delayed the onset of seizures in 4-aminopyridine model while producing 75% protection against death in mice. Diazepam (0.1, 0.3, and 1 mg kg−1), carbamazepine (3, 10, and 30 mg kg−1), and sodium valproate (100–400 mg kg−1) were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for various models. Flumazenil blocked the effect of the extract in the PTZ test significantly suggesting that Antiaris toxicaria may be acting by enhancing the effects of the GABAergic system. Antiaris toxicaria aqueous extract therefore possesses anticonvulsant activity.

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Anticonvulsant activity of Adhatoda vasica leaves by pentylenetetrazol model: preliminary evaluation in rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193166 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1703

Author(s):

Sumitha A. ◽

Dhanasekaran R. ◽

Prathiba A. ◽

Geetha M.

Keyword(s):

Sodium Valproate ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Standard Group ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Time Duration ◽

Adhatoda Vasica ◽

Clonic Seizures

Background: Epilepsy is a disorder characterised by recurrent seizures of cerebral origin with episodes of sensory, motor phenomenon with or without loss of consciousness. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. Objectives of this study is to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of sodium valproate on Pentylenetetrazol induced seizures in albino rats.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using PTZ (Pentylenetetrazol) model. Groups used were distilled water as control group, Sodium valproate as standard for Pentylenetetrazol and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for this screening model. Parameters observed for PTZ models were abolition of clonic seizures and time duration between injection of PTZ and onset of seizures.Results: In PTZ model, test group at 200 mg/kg showed 33.33% protection for abolition of clonic seizures, though not comparable to standard group. There was significant increase in the duration of onset of clonic seizures after PTZ injection in both test groups (at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) when compared to control group.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in PTZ model.

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Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves by MES model in rats

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20185175 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 153

Author(s):

Sumitha A. ◽

Saranya R. ◽

Dhanasekaran R. ◽

Geetha M.

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Standard Dose ◽

Control Group ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Adhatoda Vasica ◽

Model Control ◽

Righting Reflex

Background: Epilepsy is the commonest neurological condition affecting people of all ages, race and social class. The present study was taken up to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica in rats. To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves on maximal electroshock model in albino rats and to compare the effect of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica leaves with standard dose of Phenytoin on Maximal electro shock model.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica was analysed using MES (Maximal electroshock) model. Phenytoin (25mg/kg) as standard for Maximal electroshock, and two doses of aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica (100mg/kg and 200mg/kg) were used as test drugs. Parameters observed in MES were abolition of hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) and time taken to regain righting reflex.Results: In MES model, control group showed 0% protection and standard phenytoin group showed 100% protection. Aqueous extract of Adhatoda vasica at 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg showed 33.33% and 50% protection from seizures respectively. The mean duration of time to regain righting reflex was significantly reduced in Adhatoda vasica groups when compared to control group (p <0.001). When groups 100mg/kg and 200mg/kg of Adhatoda vasica were compared for mean difference in the duration of time to regain righting reflex, statistically non-significant results (p >0.05) were obtained.Conclusions: Aqueous extract of leaves of Adhatoda vasica has shown significant anticonvulsant action in MES model.

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Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 3-(alkylamino, alkoxy)-1,3,4,5- Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives

CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871527317666180704101332 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 448-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xia Huang ◽

Tie Chen ◽

Rong-Bi Han ◽

Feng-Yu Piao

Keyword(s):

1H Nmr ◽

Elemental Analysis ◽

13C Nmr ◽

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Mass Spectra ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Test Compound ◽

Maximal Electroshock Test ◽

Mes Test ◽

Structure Activity

Background & Objective: A series of novel 3-Substituted-1,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-2H-benzo [b] azepine-2-one Derivatives (4, 5, 7, 10, 12, 5a-j, 8a-e) were synthesized from 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-1- naphthalenone. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MASS spectra and elemental analysis. Their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by the maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test, and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. Compound 4 showed the maximum anticonvulsant activity against the maximal electroshock test (ED50=26.4, PI =3.2) and against the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol test (ED50=40.2, PI =2.1). Conclusion: Possible structure-activity relationship was discussed.

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Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of Terpinen-4-ol

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2009-1-201 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Damião P. de Sousa ◽

Franklin F. F. Nóbrega ◽

Liana C. S. L. de Morais ◽

Reinaldo N. de Almeida

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Animal Models ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Depressant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽

The Central Nervous System

Terpinen-4-ol is a monoterpenoid alcohol and component of the essential oils of several aromatic plants. Similarly to terpinen-4-ol, other monoterpenoid alcohols have shown anticonvulsant activity in convulsion animal models. The present study aimed to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of terpinen-4-ol. Treatment of mice with terpinen-4-ol ( 200 mg/kg) caused a signifi cant decrease in the spontaneous motor activity at 30, 60 and 120 min after administration. Terpinen-4-ol (100 and 200 mg/kg) produced a significant dosedependent increase in the duration of sleeping in mice. Pretreatment of mice with terpinen-4- ol at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly increased the latency of pentylenetetrazole -induced convulsions. Terpinen-4-ol (200 and 300 mg/kg) also inhibited the induced seizures of picrotoxin. In another model, maximal electroshock seizure, terpinen-4-ol decreased the tonic hind convulsions percentage at the dose of 300 mg/kg. From the overall results we can conclude that terpinen-4-ol showed a depressant effect on the central nervous system and significant anticonvulsant activity.

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EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA IN ALBINO MICE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15483 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 312

Author(s):

Dipjyoti Deka ◽

Pinaki Chakravarty ◽

Ayan Purkayastha

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hind Limb ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Control Group ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Absence Seizures ◽

Seizure Models ◽

Clonic Convulsions ◽

One Way Anova

Objective: To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of aqueous extract of Centella asciatica in maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions. Methods: The anticonvulsant activity of leaves of Centella asciatica (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) in mice was assessed using MES and PTZ induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension (MES and PTZ) and increase in seizure latency (PTZ) when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. The test was considered to be significant at p<0.05.Results: The aqueous extract of Centella asiatica at a dose of 200 mg/kg has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 1 out of 6 animals in MES while there was no anticonvulsant action in PTZ convulsions. At a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect against both MES and PTZ convulsions, where it has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 4 mice in MES method and in all 6 mices in PTZ method.Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Centella asiatica showed efficacy in both MES and PTZ convulsions in mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Since the clinical correlates of MES seizures are tonic-clonic convulsions and correlates of PTZ seizures are absence seizures, the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica is likely to be useful in the treatment of tonic-clonic and absence seizures.

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Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Properties of Methanol Aerial Extract of Bryophyllum Pinnatum (Lam.) Oken (Crassulaceae) In Mice and Chicks

Nigerian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.4314/njpr.v16i2.6s ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 45-49

Author(s):

L.O. Bakare ◽

S.M. Abdullahi ◽

M. Sadam ◽

A.A. Salaudeen ◽

M.A. Ilyas

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Sodium Valproate ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Treated Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Ptz Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Bryophyllum Pinnatum

Background: Bryophyllum pinnatum is an environmental weed from the Crassulaceae family that is often used to treat convulsion, hypertension, diarrhea, insect bites, asthma and other ailments.Objectives: To evaluate the anticonvulsant potential of methanol aerial extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum plant in mice and chicks.Materials and Methods: The anticonvulsant potential was studied using Maximal electroshock Test (MEST) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) test in one day old chicks and mice at 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of the extract i.p respectively. Positive control drugs used were sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) and phenytoin (20 mg/kg) in PTZ and MEST respectively while distilled water (10 ml/kg) i.p was used as negative control in all experiments.Results: The intraperitoneal LD50 of the extract was found to be greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with an indication that the extract is relatively safe. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) prolongation of the mean onset of seizures was recorded with the extract at 1000 mg/kg body weight compared with normal saline treated group in PTZ induced seizures. Bryopyllum pinnatum methanol aerial extract also significantly reduced the mean recovery time of seizures at doses 500 and 1000 mg/kg induced by MEST when compared with normal saline treated group. Conversely, a significant (p ≤ 0.05) delay in the mean onset of seizures was recorded with standard drugs, sodium valproate (200 mg/kg) and phenytoin (20 mg/kg) in PTZ and MEST respectively.Conclusion: Methanol extract of the aerial part of Bryophyllum pinnatum possesses anticonvulsant activities.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF THE LEAVES OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS AND ACORUS CALAMUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANIMAL MODELS OF EPILEPSY

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2021v13i1.39872 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

PRIYADARSHINI SHOUGRAKPAM ◽

ABHISHEK BHATTACHARJEE ◽

NGANGOM GUNINDRO ◽

SANJENBAM RITA

Keyword(s):

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Clonic Seizure ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Group V ◽

Gum Acacia ◽

Group I ◽

Seizure Models ◽

Animal Models Of Epilepsy

Objective: To compare anticonvulsant activity of methanol extracts of Sapindus emarginatus (MESE) and Acorus calamus (MEAC) in experimental seizure models in mice. Methods: Hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) in Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure and clonic seizure in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure models were assessed. Group I (control) mice received 1% gum acacia in distilled water (1 ml/100 g). Topiramate (50 mg/kg) was administered in group II (standard) animals. Group III and IV mice were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MESE, respectively. Mice in group V and VI were given MEAC at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Drugs were given orally suspended in 1% gum acacia suspension (1 ml/100 g) for 7 d. Next day after 1 h of drug administration, the seizure was induced for evaluation. Results: Anticonvulsant property of both extracts was confirmed by reduction (p<0.001) in HLTE phase in MES model; delayed onset of the clonic seizure (p<0.001) and its shortened phase (p<0.001) in PTZ model when compared with the control. MESE-200 mg/kg produced significantly longer (p<0.001) HLTE phase with lower protection (40.34%) among the different doses of the extracts. Clonic seizure onsets and durations in PTZ model were comparable among the different extract-treated groups; however, mortality was higher (66.6%) with MESE-200 mg/kg. Conclusion: Anticonvulsant activity of MESE and MEAC was evident; however, MESE at the dose of 200 mg/kg was less effective.

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ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF AERIAL ROOT OF FICUS RELIGIOSA IN ANIMAL MODELS

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i1.1543 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Smita Singh ◽

Md. Parwez Ahmad ◽

Deependra Prasad Sarraf ◽

Chandan Mishra ◽

Prabin Kumar Singh

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Ficus Religiosa

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Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of 80% Methanolic Root Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke (Rubiaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.1155/2021/6689879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Nebeyi Fisseha ◽

Workineh Shibeshi ◽

Daniel Bisrat

Keyword(s):

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Root Bark ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Potential Source ◽

Substantial Morbidity

Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality due to limited efficacy and negative properties of antiepileptic drugs. Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke is a medicinal plant used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. However, it lacks scientific investigation on its anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of 80% methanol root bark extract and solvent fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke in mice. Methods. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by using the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. The 80% methanolic root bark extract was subjected to successive fractionation with solvents differing polarity, i.e., chloroform, butanol, and water. The test groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight of extract and its solvent fractions. Result. The ME400 and BF400 at the higher dose exhibited a significant ( p < 0.001 ) anticonvulsant effect in both the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test compared with control. However, chloroform fraction only showed a significant ( p < 0.001 ) anticonvulsant effect in the PTZ-induced seizure test, while aqueous fraction had least anticonvulsant activity in both seizure-induced tests. Phytochemical screening of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke root bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusion. This study indicated that the plant has anticonvulsant activity and is considered as a potential source to develop a new antiepileptic drug.

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ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s3.14576 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Nishanta Thakuria ◽

Swarnamoni Das ◽

Babul Dewan

Keyword(s):

Anticonvulsant Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Anticonvulsant Effect ◽

Maximal Electroshock ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽

Wistar Strain ◽

Seizure Models ◽

Clonic Convulsions ◽

Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

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