scholarly journals Effect of PEM on thyroid status, serum total protein and A/G ratio in pre-school going children

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4486
Author(s):  
Sumesh Prasad Sah ◽  
Manisha Aroral ◽  
Sudeep Kumar ◽  
Jyoti Batra ◽  
Imran Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Serum T3 ◽  
G Ratio

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare serum total protein, serum albumin and thyroid hormones in children with Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) and in healthy controls.Methods: Present study was a cross sectional hospital based case control study, total 75 children of age group 1-5 years were included in this study. Triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was estimated by electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay method, serum total protein by biuret method, albumin by BCG method and plasma hemoglobin by CMG method. Result: In malnourished children, there is significant decrease in serum total protein (4.76 gm %), albumin (2.24 gm %) and Hb (10.57 gm %) as compared to normal healthy children. Serum T3 (0.51 ng/ml), and T4 (3.93 µg/ml) levels were significantly decreased and non-significant changes in TSH (4.26 µUI/ml) levels in children with PEM was observed as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: The reduction in protein is due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. The decreased in T3 and T4 levels in malnourished children is probably due to a decrease in circulating plasma proteins.

scholarly journals Serum Total Protein and Albumin Levels in Different Grades of Protein Energy Malnutrition

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Serajul Islam Chowdhury ◽  
Nayeema Akhter ◽  
Mahmudul Haque ◽  
Rehana Aziz ◽  
Nazibun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Grade Iii

The present study has been designed to estimate serum total protein and albumin levels in different grades of protein energy malnutrition and this will be helpful in early diagnosis, management and rehabilitation of PEM. The serum total protein and albumin levels were studied on 20 healthy children and 30 children suffering from protein energy malnutrition of different grades. Serum total protein and albumin levels of different grades of protein energy malnutrition were significantly lowered than that of control. Lowering being maximum in grade III PEM. This lowering of total protein and albumin occur in any form of PEM and related to severity of the disease. doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1799 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):58-60.

scholarly journals Low plasma ghrelin levels in children with severe protein energy malnutrition

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan V. ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Naresh Sachdeva ◽  
Devi Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
P Value ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

Background: Children with primary protein energy malnutrition (PEM) have significant loss of appetite which makes their nutritional rehabilitation difficult. Trials in patients with anorexia nervosa and cancer cachexia have shown short term efficacy of supplementing ghrelin to increase appetite. However, literature on ghrelin hormone status in children with PEM is scarce. We planned to study plasma ghrelin hormone levels in children with PEM and difference in plasma ghrelin levels among children having PEM of different grades.Methods: Cross-sectional observational study was conducted over one year period. All hospitalised children during the study period and fulfilling the inclusion criteria for primary PEM (WHO criteria for malnutrition) were enrolled as cases. The cases (59 children) were divided into 2 groups – (Group 1 -severe PEM, group 2 - mild to moderate PEM) and were compared with 19 healthy children as controls (Group 3). Plasma fasting ghrelin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay. The results were analysed using Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: Median plasma ghrelin level among severe PEM group was 1.942ng/ml (interquartile range (IQR): 0.064, 9.506), mild to moderate PEM - 17.662 ng/ml (IQR: 1.658, 40.129) and controls - 17.525 ng/ml (IQR: 0.626, 27.361). Median ghrelin value was significantly lower in severe PEM group as compared to mild to moderate PEM (p value- 0.027).Conclusions: Plasma ghrelin levels are significantly reduced in children with severe PEM as compared with mild to moderate PEM and healthy controls.

Thyroid hormone status in children with protein energy malnutrition a hospital based case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurdeep S. Dhanjal ◽  
Mrigind Singh
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Control Study

Background: WHO estimates that about half of all deaths, occurring among children aged less than five years in the developing countries, can be attributed to malnutrition. In malnourished children various endocrinal changes are noted. There is reduced synthesis of plasma proteins that affects secretion and metabolism of thyroid hormone. The present study has been conducted to study the effect of protein energy malnutrition (PEM) on thyroid hormone and plasma protein levels; and to find correlation between thyroid hormones and plasma protein levels in PEM children.Methods: A cross sectional hospital based case-control study was carried out in tertiary care hospital of Northern India. 50 children with PEM, and equal number of age and sex matched healthy controls (1-5 years) were included in the study. Detailed clinical assessment of nutritional status followed by anthropometric measurement was recorded in a predesigned performa. The cases were categorized into moderate and severe malnutrition as per WHO classification (weight for height). Free Triiodothyronine (fT3), free Thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total protein and serum albumin were estimated. The parameters were compared among cases and controls using appropriate statistical tool. Results: Mean hemoglobin, serum protein, serum albumin, fT3, fT4 and TSH levels were significantly low in case group, when compared to the control group (p <0.001).The levels of biochemical variables, decreases as the severity of malnutrition increases. The difference within the cases (moderate and severe malnutrition) was also found to be statistically significant (p <0.001).Conclusions: PEM is associated with decrease level of thyroid hormone levels and were positively correlated with serum total protein and albumin levels. The decrease level of thyroid hormone may have a contributory role in retarded growth and development.

scholarly journals Serum albumin and total protein level as plausible marker for diagnosis of protein energy malnutrition in children under age 5 years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1758
Author(s):  
Saroj Sanjeev Gupta ◽  
Pranav Sanjeev Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bromocresol Green ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: The circulating concentration of transport protein, traditionally albumin, has been used to define protein deficiency. However, few studies have been conducted to see if there is any correlation between serum total protein and albumin levels in children with PEM. Hence the study was planned to estimate serum total protein, serum albumin levels in children with PEM and healthy controls.Methods: All the children were divided in two groups. Case Group A consist of 250 children with protein energy malnutrition and control Group B consist of healthy 250 children. Venous blood of amount 3 ml was collected with full aseptic precautions. The blood was collected in the EDTA vacutainer and test tube. Serum total protein was estimated by Biuret method, serum albumin was estimated by Bromocresol green dye method (BCG dye).Results: When the mean serum levels of albumin levels and the total protein levels were measured in the controls as well as case groups, there was decrease in levels in case group as compared to control group. This difference of decrease when evaluated statistically it was found to be statistically significant. When the albumin/globulin ratio was calculated in both the groups, it was found to be statistically lower in case group as compared to control group. PEM children have low serum total protein and albumin levels as compared to healthy controls (p<0.001), this is probably due to decreased intake of proteins and reduced biosynthesis. PEM children have lower hemoglobin levels as compared to healthy controls; this is probably due to deficiency of iron and other micronutrients, which is often found in a child with malnutrition.Conclusions: Early diagnosis and prompt management of PEM and its complications can prevent development of permanent physical and mental retardation.

scholarly journals Thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in under-five severe malnourished children

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Shelvi H. Tamzil ◽  
Ryadi Fadil ◽  
Diet S. Rustama ◽  
Melinda D. Nataprawira
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Tsh Levels ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

Background In Indonesia, protein energy malnutrition (PEM) inchildren is still a health problem. Malnourished children will havegrowth and development disruption, which is not only caused bynutritional factor, but might be associated with endocrine system,such as thyroid hormone metabolism. Hypothyroidism or thyroidhypofunction could be happened in malnourished children.Objective The purpose of this study was to assess thyroxine (T4)and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in under-five severemalnourished children.Methods This was a descriptive study with cross sectional design.Subjects were all under-five severe malnourished childrenbased on nutritional evaluation in August 2001 done by local healthcare workers in Andir District, Bandung. Severe malnutrition wasdefined as weight for age less than -3SD (W/A <-3SD).Results There were 42 subjects who fulfilled inclusion criteria, aged11-57 months, five of them showed clinical manifestation of marasmus.The T4 levels of the 41 subjects were still in normal limitsand within the range of 4.5-11.2 mg/dl. Thirty-nine subjects hadnormal TSH levels, ranged from 0.9 to 5.0 mlU/ml, and 2 subjectsshowed increased TSH levels of 6.8 and 7.6 mlU/ml, respectively.Reduced T4 and TSH levels of 3.93 mg/dl and 0.2 mlU/ml, respectivelywere detected in one subjectConclusion In general, the T4 & TSH levels were still normal,with only one subject (2%) showed low levels of T4 & TSH.

scholarly journals Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status in Malnourished Children seen at Lagos

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
EO Temiye ◽  
OF Adeniyi ◽  
IB Fajolu ◽  
AA Ogbenna ◽  
TA Ladapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Malnourished Children ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Oral Thrush

AbstractIntroductionHuman immunodeficiency virus and protein energy malnutrition are still prevalent in Nigeria and the occurrence of the two conditions together confers a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to determine the current categories of malnutrition amongst under 5 children in Lagos, document their HIV status and determine any peculiarities in the clinical features, haematological and some biochemical profile in these children.MethodsThe study was a prospective crossectional study conducted at the Paediatric department of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and the Massey Street Children’s Hospital over a 6 month period. All the subjects had anthropometry, HIV testing, full blood count and serum proteins done. The factors associated with HIV status were determined with the logistic regression analysis.ResultsTwo hundred and fourteen (214) malnourished children ≤5 years were recruited into the study and 25(11.7%) were HIV positive. One hundred and five (49.1%) of the participants had moderate malnutrition while 25.2% had severe forms of malnutrition. Fever, cough and diarrhea were the commonest symptoms. Severe wasting, oral thrush, dermatoses and splenomegaly were seen more commonly in the HIV positive subjects. The haematological indices were comparable in the two groups, however, the total protein was significantly higher in the HIV positive subjects compared to the negative group (p=0.042). Multivariate analysis showed that the total protein (p=0.001) and platelet count (p=0.016) could significantly predict the occurrence of HIV in the malnourished childrenConclusionThe presence of severe wasting, oral thrush, diarrhea, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia and high total proteins in malnourished children should heighten the suspicion of possible underlying associated HIV infection. This study reinforces the recommendation by the World Health Organisation (WHO) that all malnourished children should have mandatory HIV screening.

scholarly journals Aflatoxins in body fluids and food of Nigeria children with protein-energy malnutrition

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (53) ◽  
pp. 6553-6566
Author(s):  
GC Onyemelukwe ◽  
◽  
D Ogoina ◽  
GE Ibiam ◽  
GH Ogbadu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Fluids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Nigerian Children ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Patient Groups

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of food crops implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. This study aimed to determine the associations between aflatoxins and protein- energy malnutrition ( PEM) by measurements of aflatoxins in serum, urine and food on plate of Nigerian children with PEM. A cross - sectional study was undertaken in 3 agro - ecological regions of Nigeria (Guinea savannah, Sudan savannah and Rain forest), where aflatoxins B1 , B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2 were measured in sera, urine and food on plate of 79 children with PEM (kwashiorkor n=36, marasmic kwashiorkor n=29 and marasmus n=13) and 33 healthy controls, matched for age and sex. Among healthy controls, aflatoxin detection rates were higher in the Guinea Savannah (72.2%) than in the Sudan Savannah (53.8%), albeit statistically insignificant. In relation to nutritional groups, the rates of detection of aflatoxins were higher in marasmic kwashiorkor (93.1%) and kwashiorkor patients (88.9%) , compared to marasmus (76.9%) and controls (63.6%, p=0.013). The rates of detection of B1 aflatoxin followed a similar trend viz. marasmic kwashiorkor (82.4%), kwashiorkor (69.4%), marasmus (53.8%) and controls (42.4%, p=0.007). Of all types of aflatoxins detected in serum, M2 had the highest rates of detection in all patient groups and controls. The median concentrations of aflatoxins detected in sera of each PEM group were significantly higher than those of controls, but comparisons between PEM groups were not statistically significant. The frequency and concentration of aflatoxins detected in urine and food of PEM groups and controls were not statistically different. However, controls had the lowest serum / urine aflatoxin ratio as well as lowest median aflatoxins concentrations in their food as compared to PEM patient s. In conclusion, aflatoxins are commonly detected in the body fluids and food of Nigerian children , but more frequently and at higher concentrations in children with PEM , possibly due to decreased excretion or increased exposure. Future prospective studies are desirable to determine if aflatoxins contribute to the pathogenesis of all types of PEM and not necessarily kwashiorkor alone.

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