Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case control study

Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders are the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist. So, we conducted a study to find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients and 100 controls. All the participants were evaluated for thyroid dysfunctions by testing thyroid profile. The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with age distribution, gender distribution, BMI, duration of diabetes and HbA1C was then done.Results: The prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions were high in diabetic patients compared to controls (29% versus 9%, P value <0.001). Most common thyroid disorder in diabetic patients was subclinical hypothyroidism (16%) while least common was hyperthyroidism (1%). The levels of serum T3 and T4 were significantly low while serum TSH levels were significantly high in diabetic group compared to control group. Prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetics were significantly more in patients with age ≥ 50 years, more in females, more in patients with BMI ≥ 30 and more in patients with duration of diabetes ≥ 5 years. The association of prevalence of thyroid disorders with HBA1C was not significant.Conclusions:Current study showed high prevalence of thyroid dysfunctions in diabetic patients. We conclude that screening for thyroid dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus should be routinely performed, so as to recognize these dysfunctions early.

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Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences ◽

10.19056/ijmdsjssmes/2013/v2i2/86773 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 153 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Jain ◽

T. S. Marwaha ◽

A. Khurana ◽

P. S. Dhoat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Age Distribution ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Thyroid Disorder

Background:Diabetes has become a major health challenge worldwide. Various studies have found that diabetes and thyroid disorders mutually influence each other and both disorders tend to coexist.Objective: To find out the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 200 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 40-70 years. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4&TSH). The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, hypertension, family history of thyroid disorder, BMI, usage of OHA's and insulin and dyslipidemia was then done. The observations and interpretations were recorded and results obtained were statistically analyzed.Results: There was a high prevalence (16%) of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus, most common was subclinical hypothyroidism (7.5%) which was further found to be more in females, elderly patients, patients with uncontrolled diabetes i.e. HbA1C values ≥7 or patients on insulin and patients with BMI <30.Conclusions: Screening of thyroid dysfunction should be done in all diabetic patients especially in patients with poor diabetic control.

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Thyroid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20195249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1906

Author(s):

Mahesh Dave ◽

Hazari Lal Saini ◽

Ankit Gupta ◽

Jitendra Singh Choudhary ◽

Aniruddha Burli

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽

Organ Systems ◽

Thyroid Profile

Background: Diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disorder which involves multiple organ systems and leads to significant morbidity and mortality. Diabetes mellitus has been defined as “A metabolic syndrome characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and disturbance of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism associated with absolute or relative deficiency in insulin secretion and or insulin action”. Thyroid diseases are also a common endocrinopathy seen in the adult population. Thyroid hormones are intimately involved in cellular metabolism. The present work is a modest attempt to study the prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods: The study was carried out in total 108 diabetic patients without known thyroid disorder admitted in various Medical wards of R.N.T. Medical college and attached group of hospitals, Udaipur. It was a cross Sectional study done over a period of 10 months. Results: In the present study, 13% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had abnormal thyroid profile. Out of which the most common presentation was sub clinical hypothyroidism found in 9.25% followed by1.9% had overt hypothyroidism and 1.9% had sub clinical hyperthyroidism. In persons with abnormal thyroid profile 85.7% were females and 14.3% were males which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is common among T2DM patients and is higher in females than in males. There is no significant correlation between thyroid dysfunction and age, diabetes control, family history, type of treatment and HbA1c level in diabetic patients.

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PROPORTION OF THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

10.36106/ijsr/6004234 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 39-40

Author(s):

Shubhendu Kumar Suman ◽

Anil Kumar ◽

Uday Narayan Singh

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Prospective Study ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Thyroid Disorders ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Low T3

Type 2 diabetic patients show thyroid disorders that may aggravate the metabolic imbalance. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective study was conducted among 100 diabetic patients (cases) which were compared with age and sex matched 50 non-diabetic control subjects. TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4) were measured. Fasting Plasma glucose and Post Prandial blood glucose is also measured. The result of this prospective study showed, the diabetic patients in the present study although clinically euthyroid show a low level of circulating T3 to which the term “ Low T3 syndrome”given. But there is high prevalence of thyroid disorders in the diabetic population in other studies which indicates that the screening for thyroid disease among diabetic patients should be routinely performed.

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A Study on Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction and Dyslipidaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Kottayam, Kerala

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2021/630 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (40) ◽

pp. 3477-3482

Author(s):

Prasantha Kumar Thankappan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

High Prevalence

BACKGROUND It has been noted of the interdependence and impact of diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction on each other. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be higher in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Most commonly associated thyroid dysfunction in diabetes was hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism can precipitate complications in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total number of 100 type-2 diabetic patients aged >15 years. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidaemia by estimating triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGA-c), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C)].The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, family history of thyroid disorder, body mass index (BMI), usage of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA’s) and insulin and dyslipidaemia was carried out. The observations and interpretations were recorded and results obtained were statistically analysed. This study was conducted from December 2018 to November 2019 at Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala. RESULTS The study revealed a high prevalence (26 %) of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), most common being hypothyroidism (20 %) which was further found to be more in females, patients with uncontrolled diabetes i.e. HbA1C values ≥ 8.7 or patients on OHA and patients with BMI > 25. High prevalence of dyslipidaemia in diabetics (62 %) was observed; of which 51 % had hypertriglyceridaemia, 49 % had decreased HDL-C, 47 % had hyper cholesterolaemia and 43 % had increased LDL-C. Only 30.6 % diabetics with dyslipidaemia had thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Screening of thyroid dysfunction should be done in all diabetic patients especially in patients with poor glycaemic control as micro vascular complications were commonly observed in this group of patients with dual endocrine disorders. There is a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in diabetics. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Dysfunction, Dyslipidemia

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Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v29i2.51190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 149-152

Author(s):

Prodip Kumar Biswas ◽

Gopal Chandra Saha ◽

Mohammed Shahadat Hossain ◽

Md Nasir Uddin ◽

Muhammad Faizur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Function ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Thyroid Disorder ◽

Medical College ◽

Type 2 Dm

Aim: The study was undertaken with an objective to know the thyroid functions in Type 2 diabetics and to know the spectrum of thyroid dysfunction in Type 2 DM. Methods: The present study included 68OPD and IPD patients of Type 2 DM who attended the Department of General Medicine at Dhaka Medical College Hospital Dhaka. Detailed history and examination were done, fasting blood samples of all the subjects were taken and at the same time samples were tested for HbA1C and thyroid profile (T3, T4 and TSH). Result: in this study 68 established diabetics were screened for thyroid disorders by TFT. Abnormal thyroid function was found in 43 T2DM cases and remaining diabetics had normal thyroid function. Among 68 cases low thyroid function was noted in 20 patients and 18 subjects had Sub-clinical hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism was noted in 05 patients. Conclusion: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major problem all over the world and many patients of Diabetes Mellitus are associated with thyroid dysfunction. So diabetic patients s should be screened for thyroid disorder especially hypothyroidism. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 29, No.2, October, 2020, Page 149-152

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A study of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at new civil hospital, Surat, Gujarat, India

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20201122 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 678

Author(s):

Kunal D. Kumar ◽

Mahesh G. Solu ◽

Ankit P. Kakadiya ◽

Arpit V. Patel ◽

Sumer S. Ramawat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Previous History ◽

Comorbid Condition ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

History Of

Background: Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus, as comorbid condition these together throw a great burden to medicine and humanity. Considering the ever increasing population of diabetics in our country and the significant causal relationship established by current literature, this study was undertaken.Methods: A thorough clinical history regarding diabetes mellitus (onset, duration), any history of long-term illness, any previous thyroid dysfunction, previous history of any kind of drug therapy, whether the patient was on insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs was sought. All diabetic patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction by testing thyroid profile (T3, T4 and TSH).Results: In the present study, out of the 100 diabetic patients, 18 (18%) patients had thyroid dysfunction and 82 (82%) patients were found to be euthyroid. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction more in females as compared to males (68.75% vs 31.25%) and highest in the age group of >60 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients with HbA1C >7 as compared to patients with HbA1C <7. Out of 18 diabetic patients who had thyroid dysfunction, 05 (27.78%) had duration of diabetes >1 - 5 years and 08 (44.44%) had duration of diabetes 6 - 10 years. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction found to be more in patients who had BMI >30 and patients who were on both oral hypoglycaemic agents and insulin.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of thyroid disorders in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus which found to be more in Females, Elderly patients, Patients with uncontrolled diabetes and BMI > 30.

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ESTIMATION OF SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS AND ITS RELATION WITH HbA1C LEVEL.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i8.456 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Shah Namrata Vinubhai ◽

Pardeep Agarwal ◽

Bushra Fiza ◽

Ramkishan Jat

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Blood Sugar ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Inflammatory Marker ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Positive Correlation

Background: Serum ferritin is known as an index for body iron stores also as an inflammatory marker and it is influenced by several disease. We were looking for a correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin in type 2 DM. Methodology: The present study a total of 150 participants were enrolled of which 100 were confirmed cases of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and rest 50 age and sex matched healthy subjects constituted the control group. All were screened for HbA1c, Fasting blood sugar, Post prandial blood sugar and S.Ferritin. Results: A highly significant variation and positive correlation was observed with respect to S.Ferritin and HbA1c levels. Mean S.Ferritin was high in the subgroup with poor glycemic control. Conclusion: The fasting, post prandial sugar levels, HbA1c and S.Ferritin were significantly higher in the diabetic subjects. This study shows a positive correlation between HbA1c and S. Ferritin levels. So we can conclude that in diabetic patients S. Ferritin may serve as an independent marker of poor glycemic and metabolic control. Keywords: Serum ferritin, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c.

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Fermented pork fat (Sa-um) and lifestyle risk factors as potential indicators for type 2 diabetes among the Mizo population, Northeast India

Journal of Health Population and Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s41043-021-00257-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Freda Lalrohlui ◽

Souvik Ghatak ◽

John Zohmingthanga ◽

Vanlal Hruaii ◽

Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Lifestyle Habits ◽

Pork Fat

AbstractOver the last few decades, Mizoram has shown an increase in cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, no in-depth scientific records are available to understand the occurrence of the disease. In this study, 500 patients and 500 healthy controls were recruited to understand the possible influence of their dietary and lifestyle habits in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression was carried out to find the influence of dietary and lifestyle factors, and an unpaired t test was performed to find the difference in the levels of biochemical tests. Out of 500 diabetic patients, 261 (52.3%) were males and 239 (47.7%) were females, and among the control group, 238 (47.7%) were males and 262 (52.3%) were females. Fermented pork fat, Sa-um (odds ratio (OR) 18.98), was observed to be a potential risk factor along with tuibur (OR 0.1243) for both males and females. Creatinine level was found to be differentially regulated between the male and female diabetic patients. This is the first report of fermented pork fat and tobacco (in a water form) to be the risk factors for diabetes. The unique traditional foods like Sa-um and local lifestyle habits like tuibur of the Mizo population may trigger the risk for the prevalence of the disease, and this may serve as a model to study other populations with similar traditional practices.

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Clinical significance of intramammary arterial calcifications in diabetic women

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp0402163m ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 61 (2) ◽

pp. 163-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zorica Milosevic ◽

Jelica Bjekic ◽

Stanko Radulovic ◽

Branislav Goldner

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Control Group ◽

Duration Of Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Macroangiopathy ◽

Indirect Sign ◽

Significant Difference

Background. It is well known that intramammary arterial calcifications diagnosed by mammography as a part of generalized diabetic macroangiopathy may be an indirect sign of diabetes mellitus. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine the incidence of intramammary arterial calcifications, the patient?s age when the calcifications occur, as well as to observe the influence of diabetic polineuropathy, type, and the duration of diabetes on the onset of calcifications, in comparison with nondiabetic women. Methods. Mammographic findings of 113 diabetic female patients (21 with type 1 diabetes and 92 with type 2), as well as of 208 nondiabetic women (the control group) were analyzed in the prospective study. The data about the type of diabetes, its duration, and polineuropathy were obtained using the questionnaire. Statistical differences were determined by Mann-Whitney test. Results. Intramammary arterial calcifications were identified in 33.3% of the women with type 1 diabetes, in 40.2% with type 2, and in 8.2% of the women from the control group, respectively. The differences comparing the women with type 1, as well as type 2 diabetes and the controls were statistically significant (p=0.0001). Women with intramammary arterial calcifications and type 1 diabetes were younger comparing to the control group (median age 52 years, comparing to 67 years of age, p=0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference in age between the women with calcifications and type 2 diabetes (61 years of age) in relation to the control group (p=0.176). The incidence of polineuropathy in diabetic women was higher in the group with intramammary arterial calcifications (52.3%) in comparison to the group without calcifications (26.1%), (p=0.005). The association between intramammary arterial calcifications and the duration of diabetes was not found. Conclusion. The obtained results supported the theory that intramammary arterial calcifications, detected by mammography could serve as markers of co-existing diabetes mellitus and therefore should be specified in radiologic report in case of their early development.

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Fenofibrate decreased microalbuminuria in the type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia

10.21203/rs.2.20116/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaomeng Sun ◽

Jia Liu ◽

Guang Wang

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Control Group ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Fenofibrate Treatment

Abstract Background: This study was to research the efficacy of fenofibrate in the treatment of microalbuminuria in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertriglyceridemia. Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (56) with microalbuminuria and hypertriglyceridemia aged 30 to 75 were randomly divided into the fenofibrate treatment group(n=28) and the control group (n=28) for 180 days. Urinary microalbumin /creatinine ratio (UACR) and other metabolic parameters were compared at baseline, during treatment and after treatment. Results: After 180 days, the reduction of levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in two groups were no differences. In treatment group, uric acid (UA) (296.42 ± 56.41 vs 372.46 ± 72.78), triglyceride (TG) [1.51(1.17, 2.06) vs 3.04(2.21, 3.29)], and UACR [36.45 (15.78,102.41) vs 129.00 (53.00, 226.25)] were significantly decreased compared with the baseline. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were significantly increased (1.22 ± 0.26 vs 1.09 ± 0.24) compared with the baseline. The decrease in UACR [-44.05(-179.47, -12.16) vs -8.15(-59.69, 41.94)]in treatment group was significantly higher compared with the control group. The decrease in UACR was positively associated with the decreases in TG ( r = 0.447, P = 0.042) and UA ( r = 0.478, P = 0.024) after fenofibrate treatment. Conclusion: In the patients with hypertriglyceridemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus, fenofibrate can improve microalbuminuria and do not increase the deterioration of glomerular filtration rate

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