scholarly journals Spectrum of aerobic bacteria and their antimicrobial pattern in blood stream infections of hospitalised patients: a retrospective study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3298
Author(s):  
M. Anjaneya Swamy ◽  
Saroj Golia ◽  
Neelima Varania
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Hospitalised Patients

Background: Bacteria associated with blood stream infections are an important public health problem which results in morbidity and mortality globally. Emergence of multidrug resistant isolates in hospitalized patients is a major problem. Automation techniques play a major role in early identification of the isolate and its drug susceptibility testing which is important for better outcome of the treatment. This study was aimed to detect the blood stream isolates and their drug susceptibility pattern in hospitalized patients.Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted from 377 records of automated blood culture (bact/alert) and drug susceptibility testing (vitek) results. Positive blood culture bottles were sub cultured to different culture media and the isolates were identified and screened for drug susceptibility testing on Vitek II.Results: Around 20.68% of samples were positive for blood stream infections caused by different pathogens. A total of 78 microorganisms were isolated from 377 samples. Among which gram negative bacilli was observed in 52.56%, gram positive cocci in 44.87% and yeast in 2.56% samples. Coagulase negative staphylococci and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the predominant isolates of the study.Conclusions: Early diagnosis of blood stream infections in hospitalized patients is life saving. Hence a continuous monitoring of isolates and their drug susceptibility is the need of the day.

Pattern of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in HIV-Associated Tuberculous Meningitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tuberculous Meningitis ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major public health problem worldwide. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection-associated tuberculous meningitis (TBM) further complicates the patient management and causes poor prognosis. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine anti-TB drug susceptibility pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from HIV-associated TBM patients at Waibagi, Thakayta and Mingaladon Specialist Hospitals in Yangon, Myanmar. From January to October 2017, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens collected from 140 HIV infected patients with clinically presumptive TBM were applied for isolation and drug susceptibility testing. First-line drug susceptibility testing were carried out by solid culture-based proportion method. Drug susceptibility patterns of pyrazinamide, fluoroquinolones and second-line injectable drugs were determined by liquid culture-based Mycobacterial Growth Indicator Tube method. There were 17 culture positives and confirmed as MTB out of 140 specimens. Among them,10 isolates (58.8%) were resistant to at least one of the first-line anti-TB drugs. Eight isolates (47.1%) showed multidrug resistance but there was no extensively drug resistance. HIV-associated TBM patients with previous anti-TB treatment history and CD4 cell count of less than 100 cells/μl were significantly more prone to develop drug resistance. These findings highlight burdens of anti-TB drug resistance among HIVassociated TBM patients and support the need of elaborative management strategies.

Accuracy of molecular drug susceptibility testing amongst tuberculosis patients in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Gil ◽  
Hasmik Margaryan ◽  
Ismailov Azamat ◽  
Bekturdieva Ziba ◽  
Halmuratov Bayram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients

scholarly journals Impact of dexamethasone on the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and blood stream infections in COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation: a multicenter retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Gragueb-Chatti ◽  
Alexandre Lopez ◽  
Dany Hamidi ◽  
Christophe Guervilly ◽  
Anderson Loundou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Blood Stream Infections ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background Dexamethasone decreases mortality in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has become the standard of care during the second wave of pandemic. Dexamethasone is an immunosuppressive treatment potentially increasing the risk of secondary hospital acquired infections in critically ill patients. We conducted an observational retrospective study in three French intensive care units (ICUs) comparing the first and second waves of pandemic to investigate the role of dexamethasone in the occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and blood stream infections (BSI). Patients admitted from March to November 2020 with a documented COVID-19 and requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) for ≥ 48 h were included. The main study outcomes were the incidence of VAP and BSI according to the use of dexamethasone. Secondary outcomes were the ventilator-free days (VFD) at day-28 and day-60, ICU and hospital length of stay and mortality. Results Among the 151 patients included, 84 received dexamethasone, all but one during the second wave. VAP occurred in 63% of patients treated with dexamethasone (DEXA+) and 57% in those not receiving dexamethasone (DEXA−) (p = 0.43). The cumulative incidence of VAP, considering death, duration of MV and late immunosuppression as competing factors was not different between groups (p = 0.59). A multivariate analysis did not identify dexamethasone as an independent risk factor for VAP occurrence. The occurrence of BSI was not different between groups (29 vs. 30%; p = 0.86). DEXA+ patients had more VFD at day-28 (9 (0–21) vs. 0 (0–11) days; p = 0.009) and a reduced ICU length of stay (20 (11–44) vs. 32 (17–46) days; p = 0.01). Mortality did not differ between groups. Conclusions In this cohort of COVID-19 patients requiring invasive MV, dexamethasone was not associated with an increased incidence of VAP or BSI. Dexamethasone might not explain the high rates of VAP and BSI observed in critically ill COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Comparison of Proportion and Resistance Ratio Methods for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated from Patients Attending National Tuberculosis Centre, Nepal

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
S Acharya ◽  
P Ghimire ◽  
DK Khadka ◽  
S Nepali
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Resistance Ratio ◽  
National Tuberculosis ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Good Agreement

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most serious infectious cause of global morbidity and mortality. Emergence of Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is posing an increased threat to TB control programs. Drug susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) isolates is important for tackling such problems. Setting: National Tuberculosis Centre (NTC), Thimi, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Objectives: Comparative evaluation of two in vitro DST methods in determining susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates from patients attending NTC, to front-line anti-TB drugs: (Isoniazid-INH, Rifampicin-RFP, Streptomycin-SM, and Ethambutol-EMB). Methodology: This study was conducted from Sep 2006-Jun 2007. A total of 862 sputum samples (diagnosis or follow up cases) collected from patients (type of patients or their categories was not differentiated in this study) attending NTC bacteriology lab for sputum direct smear microscopy were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy. All smear positive samples, smear negative samples requested for culture were cultured. All culture positive samples confirmed as M. tuberculosis by biochemical tests were processed for DST by both proportion (PR) and resistance ratio (RR) methods. Results: Out of 862 sputum samples analyzed, 226 (26.2%) samples were positive for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) by fluorescence microscopy. Among 323 samples 226 smear positive samples and 97 smear negative samples requested for culture), 221 (68.4%) were culture positive, 92 (28.5%) were culture negative and 10 (3.1%) were contaminated. Out of 221 isolates of M. tuberculosis, 57.5% were resistant to one or more drugs by the PR method and 56.6% by the RR method. Similarly, MDR isolates were 29.9% and 29% by PR and RR methods respectively. On correlation analysis using Mc Nemar Chi-square test, no significant difference between the two tests were observed (p>0.05). The results showed high agreement between both methods and agreement rates to INH, RFP, SM and EMB were 93.2%, 93.7%, 93.2% and 94.1% respectively. Similarly, the agreement rates between both methods using kappa analysis showed kappa (k) value of 0.86, 0.85, 0.86 and 0.84 for INH, RFP, SM and EMB respectively, which is believed to be good agreement between both methods (k=0.80 to 1.00: Very good agreement). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study showed that both the Proportion and Resistance ratio methods are equally good for determining drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Drug Susceptibility Testing; Proportion Method; Resistance Ratio Method. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v5i1.3078 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2008 Vol.5(1) 13-20

scholarly journals Comparison of the Performances of Two In-House Rapid Methods for Antitubercular Drug Susceptibility Testing

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina I. de la Iglesia ◽  
Emma J. Stella ◽  
Héctor R. Morbidoni
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antitubercular Drug ◽  
Rapid Methods ◽  
Resistance Assessment

ABSTRACT Resistance to rifampin (rifampicin), isoniazid, and streptomycin of 69 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates was analyzed by an in-house method based on mycobacteriophage D29 and a colorimetric micromethod. Both methods showed sensitivity and specificity values ranging from 93% to 100%. These simple methods offer an option for drug resistance assessment of M. tuberculosis.

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