scholarly journals Pap smear in antenatal women: a valuable opportunity for screening and awareness

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213
Author(s):  
Rashmi Ahuja ◽  
Priyanka Sharma ◽  
Raina Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Cancer Cervix ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
History Of

Background: Pregnancy creates an important opportunity to screen the cervix for neoplastic and infectious diseases and to spread awareness. A pap smear is simple, cost effective and safe in pregnancy. In low resource countries, this may be the only opportunity when the woman visits a health centre.  It also helps identify and treat infections that could hamper the pregnancy outcome. Objective of the study is to determine the awareness of pap smear as a cervical cancer screening test in antenatal women; to determine the incidence of cervical neoplasia and premalignant lesions of the cervix in antenatal women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out between November 2018 to April 2019. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women in the first trimester. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy greater than 12 weeks, symptoms of vaginal infection, history of sexual intercourse or vaginal medication or bleeding in the last 48 hours or a normal pap smear in the last 3 years. The reporting was done as per Bethesda 2014.Results: 308 women underwent a pap smear in their 1st trimester. 94% were satisfactory smears and 3(0.9%) an abnormal smear (2 LSIL and 1 ASCUS). 31.2% had inflammatory smears. Only 15 women were aware of pap smear as a test for cancer cervix screening and all these women were graduates and above. No women had ever had a pap smear test in the past. One fifth of women studied had 1 or more risk factor the commonest being early age at first intercourse.Conclusions: The antenatal period should be utilized as an opportunity to screen women for cancer cervix.

scholarly journals Self-reported history of Pap-smear in HIV-positive women in Northern Italy: a cross-sectional study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigino Dal Maso ◽  
◽  
Silvia Franceschi ◽  
Mauro Lise ◽  
Priscilla Sassoli de' Bianchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals Absence of Endocervical / Transformation Zone Component in Cervical Papanicolaou Smears in Northeastern Region of Peninsular Malaysia: Prevalence and Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Siti Mariam Ja’afar ◽  
Hafizuddin Awang ◽  
Raja Meriam Raja Ibrahim ◽  
Zuraini Yasin ◽  
Zawiyah Dollah
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Difficult Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transformation Zone ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Background:Negative result from a satisfactory Papanicolaou (Pap) smear without endocervical cells and transformation zone (EC/TZ) components does not increase the chances of cervical cancer. However, a preparation of without EC/TZ components cannot rule out cervical cancer. Therefore, we aimed to study the factor associated with absence of EC/TZ components in Pap smear in Pasir Puteh District.Materials and Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study between groups of presence and absence of EC/TZ components in Pap smear test results was conducted among 114 samples of Pap smear screening who fulfilled study criteria in Pasir Puteh district, Kelantan state of Malaysia. Data were collected from Pap smear registry between 15th December 2019 and 15thJanuary 2020. Descriptive statistics, simple and multiple logistic regressions were used for data analysis.Results and Discussion: The prevalence of Pap smear samples with absence of EC/TZ components was 14.2% (95%CI: 0.11, 0.16). Multiple variable analysis using multiple logistic regression revealed BMI and nurses’ working duration as the significant factors associated with absence of EC/TZ components with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.08 (95%CI:1.01, 1.16); p<0.05) and 0.85 (95%CI:0.76, 0.96; p<0.05) respectively.Conclusion:Majority of cervical cancer lesion happened in EC/TZ zone. Therefore, it is important to make sure staffs who conduct Pap smear test have received adequate training and used good sampling equipment in difficult patient to ensure the yield of the smear is satisfactory with presence of EC/TZ zone.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 03 July’20 Page : 178-183

scholarly journals Cytohistological Correlation and Accuracy of the Pap Smear Test in Diagnosis of Cervical Lesions:A Hospital Based Cross-Sectional Study from Odisha, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Reena Naik ◽  
Aruna Mukti Minj ◽  
Rabiratna Panda ◽  
Sanghamitra Satpathi ◽  
Prativa Kumari Behera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

scholarly journals Serum Magnesium Levels among Pregnant Women with and without Complications: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhini Gopalakrishnan Sethulekshmi ◽  
S Sumathy ◽  
Banani Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Serum Magnesium ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Student’S T

Introduction: Pregnancy is a period that is characterised by remarkable physiological changes which are needed to support the growing fetus. Micronutrients play a crucial role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Among the micronutrients, magnesium has got ample amount of clinical relevance to pregnancy. Magnesium deficiency has been associated with reproductive risk during pregnancy such as anaemia, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, fetal growth retardation, preterm labour, low intrauterine growth rate and leg cramps. Aim: To find out whether there was significant difference in the magnesium levels among pregnant women with and without pregnancy related complications and also to find out whether the magnesium levels differed significantly among the three trimesters. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done among 240 pregnant patients from different trimesters attending the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Outpatient Department. Out of them 164 women had complications like pre-eclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, leg cramps and history of abortions. Demographic details were obtained from all the women. BMI was calculated for each subject using the formula BMI=weight(kg)/height(m2). Haemoglobin was assessed in all samples using cyanmethaemoglobin method. Magnesium levels were analysed in the all samples using automated analyser in the Biochemistry laboratory. Student’s t-test was used to compare the levels of magnesium among the groups with and without complications. ANOVA test was used to compare the three trimesters. Results: The pregnant women were divided into three groups based on the different trimesters in which the samples were taken. Magnesium levels among the women in the first trimester were (2.96±0.83) second trimester (2.99±1.48) and third trimester (3.05±1.48) respectively. Women with previous abortions were found to have less magnesium levels (2.71) compared to women without a history of abortion (3.11) and value was found to be statistically significant (p<0.007) and magnesium levels among vegetarians (2.45) were lower than non vegetarians (3.08) and it was found to be statistical significant (p<0.013). There was no significant difference in the magnesium levels among pregnant women with complications and those without complications. Conclusion: The study shows the importance of maintaining the magnesium levels among pregnant women. There was no difference in the magnesium levels among the three trimesters. Study also points out the influence of parity, diet and occupation of pregnant women on the levels of magnesium.

scholarly journals Cervical Cancer and its Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study among Married Women in Sankhu, Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-523
Author(s):  
Sita Rijal ◽  
Alisha Rijal ◽  
Satish Kumar Deo
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Introduction: Cervical cancer ranks as the most frequent cancer among women between 15 and 44 years of age in Nepal. It is one of the preventable cancers. The effectiveness of cervical cancer screening depends to a great extent on the level of awareness. Objective: The objective of study is to explore the knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its screening and use of Pap smear test as a screening tool amongst the married women in Sankhu, Kathmandu. Methodology: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2017 using interview guided questionnaire. One hundred and ten married women aged 30-60 years were included in the study to assess knowledge regarding cervical cancer and its screening. Among 110, 85 were eligible for screening tests but only 65 consented and participated in Pap smear tests. Multiple regression analysis was used to find out the association of knowledge and practice of cervical cancer and its screening with various variables. Results: Out of 110 participants, 54.5% belong to age groups 30-40 and mean age was 41.50 years. Though 62.5% knew about cervical cancer and 26.8% knew about pap smear test, only 22.7% participants had undergone cervical cancer screening test previously. Multivariateregression analysis showed that the lower education level was significantly associated with poor knowledge on cervical cancer (Odd ratio: 1.71, 95% Confidence interval 1.10-2.66; p=0.01) and poor practice of its screening (Odd ratio 1.92, 95% Confidence interval 1.27-2.89; p=0.00). Conclusion: The study reveals that education level has significant effect on knowledge and practice of screening tests. 

PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN SUB-URBAN POPULATION OF CHENNAI USING QUS (QUANTITATIVE ULTRASOUND) OF CALCANEUM -A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-44
Author(s):  
S. Balameena ◽  
R Agavendra ◽  
Karthikeyan Karthikeyan ◽  
Sujatha Sujatha ◽  
Sabarish Sabarish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Past History ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrasound Score

Background:Burden of Osteoporosis and its related fractures are enormous and growing public health concern. Worldwide, an estimated 200 million adults suffer from osteoporosis. Vertebral and non-vertebral fractures are the most clinically relevant osteoporotic fracture because they are expensive to treat and have severe consequences for middle aged and elderly population.(1 ,2) The purpose of our study was to assess calcaneal ultrasound score as a screening test for osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Fifty patients above the age of 40 years who attended a health checkup camp conducted by our institute in a suburban population base of Chennai,Tamilnadu was subjected for noninvasive QUS of calcaneum bone as a screening test for osteoporosis. They were divided into different age groups ,co-morbid conditions noted and BMD scores from QUS was assessed. Statistical method were used with SPSS Version .It was a cross sectional descriptive study. Results: A total of 50 patients underwent QUS of calcaneum bone in our study , all of them above the age of 40 years. 33(66%) of them were females and 17(34%) were males. Eight patients( 16% ) had T score < -2.5 out of which 1 was male. 26 patients(52%) had T scores in the osteopenic range (-1>Tscore>-2.5).16 patients(32%) had T scores in the normal range. 40 % of patients had associated osteoarthritis and four patients had diabetes. 2 patients who underwent screening had past history of nontraumatic fractures. Conclusion: QUS of calcaneum is a good screening tool for assessing bone density in our country since its cost effective and can be used in various screening camps. The machine is portable and can be used with minimal training making it easier for the primary caregiver. It has reasonably good sensitivity and fair specicity when using Tscore of -2.5 as the cut off point. However DEXAis the gold standard for treatment and followup of patients with osteoporosis.

scholarly journals Use of Clomiphene for Infertility in the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-96
Author(s):  
Naseem Jahan ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Mosammat Bilkis Parvin ◽  
Shirin Akhter ◽  
Salma Yeasmin
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Live Birth ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infertile Women

Background : The polycystic ovary syndrome is a common cause of infertility. Clomiphene is the current first-line infertility treatment in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome.Objective : To observed effect of clomiphene therapy in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Methodology : In this cross-sectional study we enrolled 210 infertile women aged 25 – 35 years diagnosed as polycystic ovary syndrome. Participants who had normal urine cavity and sperm concentration of at least 20 million/ml of her husband were prescribed clomiphene for 6 months. Medication was discontinued when pregnancy was confirmed and participants were followed until delivery.Results : After 6 months treatment 85(40.5%) patient was conceived. Live birth was 44(20.9%) of 210 subjects. Among pregnancies multiple (twin) birth was 12(5.7%). First trimester pregnancy loss was 41(19.5%). After having 6 months of therapy there was no pregnancy in125 (59.5%) patients.Conclusions : Clomiphene is safe and cost effective medicine in achieving live birth in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.7(1) Jul 2015: 94-96

scholarly journals Knowledge and Intentions Regarding the Pap Smear Test Among Saudi Arabian Women

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nawal Alissa
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Pap Screening

Abstract BackgroundThe knowledge of Pap smear and uptake of preventive behaviors to prevent cervical cancer are the most important contributors to the advanced stage of the disease. Knowledge is one of the most leading factors to predict the health behaviors and a helpful factor in performing screening procedures. This study aimed to investigate Saudi Arabian women knowledge of Pap testing in relation to their intention to undergo the test. MethodsAn online cross-sectional study was conducted among 467 Saudi Arabian women, who aged 18 years and older, living in the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The participants asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire including three parts (demographic factors, knowledge about Pap smear, and intentions to uptake Pap smear). Data were analyzed through SPSS version 22, using descriptive statistics and correlation to measure the relationship between knowledge, demographic factors and intention. ResultsThe study found that average level of knowledge was 1.3 which is between high and moderate knowledge, and the average score for the intention was 2.88, to indicate that the intentions to uptake Pap smear among the participants were above the average. The study revealed a significant correlation between demographic factors and intention. ConclusionFindings from the current study can inform health care providers about Saudi Arabian women knowledge of Pap smear and the intention to uptake the test. Strategies to motivate women to undergo Pap screening should be introduced.

AWARENESS REGARDING PAP SMEAR AMONG WOMEN IN BAGHDAD CITY, IRAQ

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2287-2292
Author(s):  
Tiba Nezar Hasan ◽  
Taqi Mohammed Jwad Taher ◽  
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Level ◽  
Primary Care Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Awareness Level

The aim: The aim of this study was to determine the awareness level regarding pap smear in women living in Baghdad city, Iraq. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was done in 265 women living in Baghdad city using internet-based survey. Questionnaire was adopted from a previous study to measure the awareness level among women. Results: the results showed that only 8(3%) of the respondent had a family history of cervical cancer. Almost (94%) have heard about cervical cancer, while only (38%) knew that HPV virus is the cause of cervical cancer. Majority of the respondents (87%) heard about pap smear while only 67 (25.0 %) had performed pap smear before. A total of 86% agreed that early diagnosis is important in treating of the cervical cancer. Conclusions: Majority of women heard of cervical cancer and pap smear, but the level of its practice is still low with only 25% of respondents had performed it before. More health promotion is needed especially, at the primary care level regarding the importance of performing regular pap smear especially for women with family history of the cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of an educational program on increasing cervical cancer screening behavior among women in Fasa, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Heidari Sarvestani ◽  
Ali Khani Jeihooni ◽  
Zahra Moradi ◽  
Azizallah Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Smear Test

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the fifth deadliest cancer among women in Iran. Educational interventions based on the proper behavior promoting models can lead to early diagnosis of cervical cancer.This study aimed to investigate the effects of educational intervention on performing Pap smear tests based on the Theory of Planned Behavior among women living in Fasa, Iran. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 700 participants. Thereafter, the educational intervention based on the results of cross-sectional study was conducted in a workshop form for 50 women as the intervention group and 50 women as the control group. Afterward, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software and then analyzed via logistic regressions analysis, paired t test, independent t test, chi-square test, and McNemar test. Result According to the results, 45.7% of the patients had a history of performing a Pap smear test, and 20.7% of them regularly performed this test. The knowledge, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were the predictors of intention and behavior of Pap smear test among the women (P < 0.05). These components accounted for 57.4% and 31.6% of the intention and behavior variances, respectively. After the intervention, a significant increase was observed in the means of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in the intervention group compared to the control group. The results reveal no significant difference between these two groups regarding the behavioral intention (p = 0.41) and performance of the Pap smear test (p = 0.583). The number of the participants undergone the Pap smear test has increased from 10 to 26 in the intervention group by passing 3 months from the intervention. The results of McNemar test indicated that this difference was statistically significant. Conclusion The results indicated an increase in the women’s performance of the Pap smear screening test by appropriate planning, provision of educational packages based on the women’s needs, and using effective subjective norms. Trial Registration: Current Controlled Trials IRCT20160830029608N3:12/31/2018. “Retrospectively registered”.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document