Effect of blood storage on electrolyte levels

Background: Blood transfusion can be an immediate life saving measure in several acute conditions such as hemorrhage and anemia. However, various post transfusion complications are observed in patients which may be associated with the storage conditions of the collected blood. Electrolytes play a major role in maintaining homeostasis within the cells. Potassium is the most important extracellular cation responsible for maintenance of the cell integrity. Prolonged and improper storage of blood can lead to leakage of electrolytes, thus changing the cell morphology. This can adversely affect the patients who receive such blood. This study helps us analyze the effect of blood storage on electrolyte levels.Methods: For the study, 10ml of blood was collected from 30 blood bags containing CPDA-1 at the time of blood donation from 30 different volunteers. This blood containing the CPDA-1 was divided into 5 parts of 2ml and each 2ml sample was stored in plain bulbs. All the samples were stored at 4°C. Samples were tested to check for changes in the electrolyte (Na+, K+, Cl-) levels on day 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21. ANOVA was used to calculate the variance in the electrolyte levels.Results: Average sodium level on day 0 was 152.9±3.8 mEq/l. There was a significant decrease and it was measured at 139.5±4.8 mEq/l on day 21. Average potassium level on day 0 was 4.2±0.4 mEq/l. A significant spike was observed in potassium levels. The final reading of potassium level on day 21 was 15.2±0.7 mEq/l. Average chloride level on day 0 was 71.9±6.6 mEq/l which significantly declined to 67±5.9 mEq/l.Conclusions: Though blood is stored in proper conditions, a biochemical change occurs within the cells due to prolonged storage and thus affects its viability.

Download Full-text

Misconceptions About Blood Donation Among CMH Kharain Medical College Employees

10.53350/pjmhs211551372 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 1372-1374

Author(s):

A. Chughtai ◽

M. S. Abdullah ◽

I. Naiyar ◽

A. F. Anjum ◽

M. Z. Anwar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Issue ◽

Common People ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Time Period ◽

Life Saving ◽

Donated Blood ◽

Saving Measure

Blood donation acts as a life saving measure and steps are required to remove misunderstanding about current issues. Blood donation is required every second in life globally. Purpose: To determine and evaluate an attitude and knowledge of people regarding blood donation. Study Design: Descriptive cross sectional study. Methodology: Present study was conducted among the employees of CMH Kharian Medical College over a time period of 3 months. Data was collected by self structured questionnaire through convenient sampling. Data analysis was done by SPSS 20. Results: Out of 180 participants, 87% had donated blood in the past, 81.66% were willing to accept blood donation. Most of the participants were unafraid of donating blood (83.34%). Only 35% thought that they will catch infection while 71.67% believed that they will become obese, unconscious and anemic. Conclusion: We concluded that there was a positive attitude among the respondents towards blood donation. However, survey showed that blood donation (voluntarily & regularly) was low in actual practice according to WHO standards. Most likely reasons included misconception related to it. Hence, government should plan a strategy to educate common people regarding this health issue. Key word: Blood Donation, Attitude, Health Issue and Employees.

Download Full-text

Particle regularity on thylakoid fracture faces is influenced by storage conditions

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-181 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (10) ◽

pp. 1676-1682 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Galina A. Semenova

Keyword(s):

Particle Density ◽

Freeze Fracture ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Fracture Face ◽

Small Particles ◽

Mean Size ◽

Regular Arrays

Specific temperature, storage times, and medium composition enable initiation of regular arrays of intramembranous particles on the exoplasmic fracture face during prolonged storage of isolated chloroplasts at 4 °C, producing about 2 – 10 regular arrays with 2 – 30 particles in each array, with a period of about 36 nm, oriented in 1 – 4 directions. The particle sizes do not change throughout the time of storage (1 – 4 weeks). The second type of particle regularity arises during prolonged storage of chloroplasts in greater than 1 M sucrose at −18 °C. Rounded areas of small particles tightly packed into paracrystalline arrays are found among less densely packed particles. The density of small particles is 4700 particles/μm2, and the mean size is 11 nm, whereas the particle density of the background is 1600 particles/μm2 with a mean particle size of 13 nm compared with 1200 particles/μm2 and mean size 16 nm in fresh chloroplasts. Based on the reduction of particle sizes and manner of packing on the fracture face, it is proposed that the small particles are a light-harvesting complex, separate from photosystem II and aggregated into paracrystalline arrays. The thylakoid lipids may participate in formation of particle regularity. Key words: thylakoid membrane, freeze fracture, particle regularity, low temperatures.

Download Full-text

Life-saving with a vaginal condom catheter in postpartum haemorrhage due to vaginal lacerations in a low-resource setting

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2021-245199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. e245199

Author(s):

Indunil Piyadigama ◽

Chinthaka Banagala ◽

Lakshman Kariyawasam ◽

Madura Jayawardane

Keyword(s):

Postpartum Haemorrhage ◽

Foley Catheter ◽

Labia Minora ◽

Low Resource ◽

Resource Setting ◽

Low Resource Setting ◽

Life Saving ◽

Saving Measure ◽

Vaginal Introitus ◽

Condom Catheter

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) due to multiple vaginal lacerations is difficult to manage and tamponade is used as a life-saving measure. Condom catheter with stay sutures at the vaginal introitus for this purpose has not been reported. We describe successfully managing PPH due to multiple vaginal lacerations following a forceps delivery using a condom tied to an 18 FG Foley catheter. The device was introduced to the vagina, inflated with 700 mL of normal saline and was held in situ by sealing the vaginal introitus with interrupted nylon stitches running between the labia minora. Condom catheter is cheap and freely available in low-resource settings. The preparation and application can be done by a less experienced operator.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Packaged Water under Different Storage Conditions Within Osogbo Metropolis

UNIOSUN Journal of Engineering and Environmental Sciences ◽

10.36108/ujees/0202.20.0221 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

O.O Fadipe

Keyword(s):

Room Temperature ◽

Control Unit ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Prolonged Storage ◽

E Coli ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Routine Basis ◽

Regulatory Bodies ◽

Microbiological Analyses ◽

Sachet Water

The study investigated the characteristics of packaged water stored under ambient and sunlight conditions. This is with a view to testing the effect of prolonged storage under different storage conditions on its quality. In addition it analyzed the interactions between the parameters. Two packs each of bottled and sachet water was purchased from each factory at the point of production and ready for distribution to wholesalers. Twenty eight pieces of packaged water from each factory were kept at room temperature and the same quantity were kept under sunlight. Physico-chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on the remaining packaged water within 24hrs. Half of the samples stored at the two storage conditions were removed for analysis at 3 weeks while the remaining half was analyzed after 6weeks. The physico-chemical characteristics were within the WHO recommended values except for the pH of some samples that have values in the acidic range of 6.2-6.48. All the physico-chemical values increased for samples kept under sunlight. All the water samples showed growth in faecal coliform (4-46 cfu/100 mL) and E. coli (0-13 cfu/100 mL) for samples kept under sunlight at three weeks and this growth increased to the sixth week. The presence of E. coli is an indication that the packaged water is not pure. Displaying packaged water under the sunlight and storing beyond 3 weeks by vendors have effect on the potability of the product. The regulatory bodies should raise awareness and ensure manufacturer have a quality control unit to test on a routine basis.

Download Full-text

Changes in the microRNA expression profile during blood storage

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine ◽

10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000354 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e000354 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anna Haberberger ◽

Benedikt Kirchner ◽

Irmgard Riedmaier ◽

Reinhard Henschler ◽

Christian Wichmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Donation ◽

Autologous Blood ◽

Blood Storage ◽

Fresh Blood ◽

Biomarker Signature ◽

Male Subjects ◽

Stored Blood ◽

Individual Erythrocytes ◽

Generation Sequencing

ObjectivesFor several decades, autologous blood doping (ABD) in sports has been a major problem, and even today there is still no reliable method for satisfactorily detecting ABD. For this kind of doping, stored individual erythrocytes are used to increase stamina and endurance caused by a higher erythrocyte level in the athlete’s body. Since there is growing evidence that these cells are enriched with microRNAs (miRNAs), this study has been carried out to discover and validate all miRNAs occurring in fresh blood as well as in stored blood.MethodsTherefore, small RNA Next Generation Sequencing has been performed, which allows untargeted detection of all miRNAs in a blood sample. The focus of this investigation has been to find miRNA alterations in blood bags after erythrocyte processing and during storage, as compared with fresh blood directly withdrawn from subjects. Blood samples were obtained from 12 healthy, recreationally active male subjects three times before blood donation and from blood bags at several time points after blood processing.Results189 miRNAs have been considered stable over two consecutive weeks. A further analysis revealed a complex biomarker signature of 28 miRNAs, consisting of 6 miRNAs that altered during 6 weeks of storage and 22 miRNAs that altered due to processing.ConclusionThese results suggest that the identified miRNA biomarker signature may be used for the detection of ABD. These 28 miRNA candidates are tested and verified currently in a follow-up study, a human transfusion clinical trial in healthy sportsmen.

Download Full-text

Aeromedical evacuation of a COVID-19 patient from a zonal hospital: A case report

Indian Journal of Aerospace Medicine ◽

10.25259/ijasm_51_2020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 51-54

Author(s):

S Patnaik ◽

LK Dash ◽

G Rajaram ◽

C Chattophadhayay

Keyword(s):

Armed Forces ◽

Aeromedical Evacuation ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Life Saving ◽

Tertiary Healthcare ◽

Airborne Rescue ◽

Spread Of Infection ◽

Saving Measure ◽

First Time

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the whole world including many healthcare workers. In this era of ongoing global pandemic, the patient surge for aeromedical evacuation is going to increase. Case Details: A 54-year, male healthcare worker with no known co-morbidities, presented with complains of fever, myalgia, and sore throat at a zonal hospital of Indian Air Force in the northeast part of India. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 related bilateral extensive pneumonia. Despite of standard treatment, his condition deteriorated. An aeromedical evacuation of the patient was carried out to a tertiary healthcare centre at Delhi which involved 4-h of flying time. The Airborne Rescue Pod for Isolated Transportation (ARPIT) isolation pod was used to minimize the risk of contamination. Discussion: This was the first time that a COVID-19 patient was air evacuated in an isolation pod in Indian Armed Forces to the best of our knowledge. Based on our experience, we recommend that air evacuation of such a patient may be resorted to only as a life saving measure. The use of an isolation pod remains an unsettled issue; whereas, it gives absolute containment to spread of infection, it poses unique challenges in terms of handling the patient in case of an in-flight emergency. Certain modifications in the isolation pod have been recommended.

Download Full-text