scholarly journals A retrospective observational study of clinical profile, diagnosis, management and outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in 30 patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1903
Author(s):  
Mukesh Pancholi ◽  
Mahendra Kumar Meena ◽  
Praveen Sharma ◽  
Devendra Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Almost All

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is found worldwide although prevalence rates are still highest in the developing countries. The sites of involvement of abdominal tuberculosis are peritoneum, lymph nodes, intestine and solid viscera. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical profile of patients with abdominal tuberculosis, to review the use of diagnostic modalities, both non-invasive and invasive and to study the outcome of management of abdominal tuberculosis.Methods: This is an observational retrospective study of 30 patients with diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis treated at university linked teaching hospital of South Gujarat from August 2015 to November 2017.Results: In our study, disease was found almost equally prevalent in both rural and urban areas affecting mostly lower socio-economical class. The mean age was 34 years (range from 13 to 62); male and female ratio was 2.33:1; the mean hospital stay was 09 days (range from 5 to 48 days). Abdominal pain was present in almost all cases, having chronic pain in 21 patients and acute in 9 patients. There were 05 (16.7%) patients found to be HIV positive in this study. There was mortality of 02 patients post operatively due to sepsis in those patients operated in emergency with peritonitis.Conclusions: Abdominal tuberculosis is prevalent in lower socioeconomic class patients and affects younger male patients more commonly. Most commonly intestinal and mesenteric disease presented with chronic abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms of tuberculosis.

Multi-Antenna Data Collector for Smart Metering Networks with Integrated Source Separation by Spatial Filtering

Frequenz ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Quednau ◽  
Ralph Trommer ◽  
Lorenz-Peter Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Filtering ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Transmission Problems ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Almost All

AbstractWireless transmission systems in smart metering networks share the advantage of lower installation costs due to the expandability of separate infrastructure but suffer from transmission problems. In this paper the issue of interference of wireless transmitted smart meter data with third party systems and data from other meters is investigated and an approach for solving the problem is presented. A multi-channel wireless m-bus receiver was developed to separate the desired data from unwanted interferers by spatial filtering. The according algorithms are presented and the influence of different antenna types on the spatial filtering is investigated. The performance of the spatial filtering is evaluated by extensive measurements in a realistic surrounding with several hundreds of active wireless m-bus transponders. These measurements correspond to the future environment for data-collectors as they took place in rural and urban areas with smart gas meters equipped with wireless m-bus transponders installed in almost all surrounding buildings.

Suicide Prevention in the Southeast Asia Region

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S21-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Vijayakumar ◽  
Caroline Daly ◽  
Yasir Arafat ◽  
Ella Arensman
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Data Registration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Abstract. This chapter provides an update on suicide and suicide prevention in the Southeast Asia Region, which covers 11 low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 26% of the world's population. More than one third (39%) of all suicides globally, occur in this region, with the highest suicide rate of 17.7 per 100,000, which is likely to be an underestimate due to differences in study populations, research methodology, and uncomprehensive data registration systems. The risk profile of people who die by suicide and the characteristics of suicides in Southeast Asia are distinctly different from other regions in many ways. In this region the male–female ratio for suicide is closer to 1, compared with 3:5 in higher-income countries, and the overall reported prevalence of mental disorders, such as depression or other psychiatric conditions, is lower. Both older people and adolescents show the highest rates of suicide. Suicide involving pesticide poisoning is the most common method used in both rural and urban areas in countries in this region. Updates are provided on national and regional suicide prevention activities in Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

Pocket Book to Enhance Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Prevention of Soil-transmitted Helmint

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Liena Sofiana ◽  
Suci Musvita Ayu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Pocket Book ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p>Indonesia, being a tropical area with high humidity, is a source of proliferation of worms. Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is widespread in all rural and urban areas. Children who are infected usually experience lethargy, pallor or anemia, weight loss and listlessness, as well as decreasing their learning concentration and productivity. Prevention effort to reduce the incidence of Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection is conducted by providing the information on Soil-Transmitted Helminths infection. Health promotion cannot be separated from media because messages delivered through media can be more interesting and easier to understand. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a pocket book to increase preventive behavior for Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Infections. This type of research was a quasi-experimental study. The samples of this study were all elementary school infected students in grades 3, 4, and 5 with a package of interventions for the provision of a pocket book. The effectiveness of the pocket book is determined by using the t test. There are differences between the mean of knowledge and attitude, but the mean of behavior of Soil -Transmitted Helminths Infection before and after the pocket book is similar.</p>

scholarly journals Comparing knowledge of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ayaz Sabri ◽  
Muhammad Ahad Qayyum ◽  
Naif Usman Saigol ◽  
Khurram Zafar ◽  
Fawad Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Awareness Level

A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the awareness of diabetes mellitus among rural and urban diabetics. After analyzing the awareness level of both populations, the urban diabetics were found to be more educated about diabetes. A 25-question survey was used to judge the awareness level of diabetes mellitus. A total of 240 diabetics were surveyed, 120 each from rural and urban areas. The mean awareness among the rural population was 13 (SD± 2) correct answers out of a possible 25. Similarly, in the case of the urban diabetics the mean awareness was 18 (SD± 2) correct answers. The survey was conducted on randomly chosen diabetics belonging to Lahore and Faisalabad, (urban areas), as well as Habibabad, Haveli Koranga and Baba Kanwal (rural areas). The results emphasize the interrelation between demography and awareness of diabetes mellitus. The rural diabetics are far less knowledgeable about diabetes mellitus, its management and its complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the awareness level of diabetes mellitus in rural areas. Doing so will give rise to a healthier workforce and a lessened economic burden on Pakistan.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SOME MINERAL PROFILE OF HONEY MARKETED AND CONSUMED IN SOME OF THE STATES IN NORTHERN PART OF COUNTRY (NIGERIA)

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
R. Odoh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Metal Poisoning ◽  
Mineral Profile ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Honey and honey trade is an important economic activity for many tropical rural and urban areas worldwide. In West Africa and other part of the world, honey and honey products holds high socio–cultural, religious, medicinal and traditional values. Therefore, to maximize benefits or to enhance profit, a variety of components are added to the raw, fresh and unprocessed honey, introducing the possibility of heavy metals contaminants. Therefore the honey sold in various places, markets and shops  in some states in Northern Nigeria (Benue, Nassarawa and Taraba) including Abuja FCT, in Nigeria was analyzed to determine the level of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn).All the honey samples contain heavy metals. The results ranged from 0.028–0.070, 0.023–0.058, 0.042–0.092, 4.231–8.589, 8.115–14.892, 0.078–0.922, 0.044–0.092, 0.041–0.087 and 18.234–28.654 μg/L for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn respectively. The mean concentration (μg/L) of the heavy metals Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn of the regularly marketed honey is significantly higher than the mean concentration observed in raw, fresh and unprocessed honey. However, continued consumption of honey with high heavy metal content might lead to exposure to chronic heavy metal poisoning.

scholarly journals Comparative health risk assessment of nitrate in drinking groundwater resources of urban and rural region(Isfahan, Iran), Using GIS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Aghapour ◽  
Bijan Bina ◽  
Mohammad Javad Tarrahi ◽  
Fahimeh Amiri ◽  
Afshin Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
World Health ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Isfahan Province ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract Background : Groundwater contaminant such as nitrate (NO 3 - ) is one of the environmental factors that can affect human health . Methemoglobinemia of infants, thyroid disorders, and probably some carcinogenic effects, are health concerns associated with dietary nitrate. Isfahan province has a dry and semi-arid desert climate that the main source of various applications in this province is groundwater resources. This study evaluated spatial analysis of the concentration of NO 3 - in groundwater resources and its possible health risk to residents. Results : It was indicated that nitrate concentrations in the rural and urban areas were in the range of 0.4–137 mg/L NO 3 − with the mean of 33.72 mg/L NO 3 − , and 2.9-209 mg/L NO 3 - with the mean of 38.87 mg/L, respectively. As well, 226 samples (25%), and 104 (24%) ones were detected above the Iran and World Health Organization guidelines 50 mg/L as NO 3 − . While the highest levels of NO 3 − which were located in the west and central groundwater resources of the province were in the agricultural and residential areas. The HQ for Infants, in 32% of samples, urban 136 and rural 297 samples were higher than 1 (HQ>1). Also, in urban area HQ was more than 1 in 8, 5, 1, and 3 samples in children, teens, male and female, respectively. Conclusions : Infants were the most vulnerable compared with the other groups. Therefore, in some areas, there are potential risks of methemoglobinemia, especially for infants. So, it is critical to adopt specific strategies to reduce the nitrate concentration in the studied groundwater.

scholarly journals Transmissibility of acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis in small-scale outbreaks in Hunan Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Zhang ◽  
Qingqing Hu ◽  
Zhihong Deng ◽  
Shixiong Hu ◽  
Fuqiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Mean

AbstractAcute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks are reported frequently in China. However, the transmissibility of AHC remains unclear. This study aimed to calculate the transmissibility of the disease with and without interventions. An AHC outbreak dataset from January 2007 to December 2016 in different schools was built in Hunan Province. A Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model was adopted to calculate the effective reproduction number (Reff) of AHC. Reff was divided into two parts (Runc and Rcon) where Runc and Rcon represent the uncontrolled and controlled Reff , respectively. Based on Runc and Rcon, an index of effectiveness of countermeasures (Ieff) was developed to assess the effectiveness of countermeasures in each outbreak. During the study period, 34 AHC outbreaks were reported in 20 counties of 9 cities in Hunan Province, with a mean total attack rate of 7.04% (95% CI: 4.97–9.11%). The mean Runc of AHC outbreaks was 8.28 (95% CI: 6.46–10.11). No significance of Runc was observed between rural and urban areas (t = −1.296, P = 0.205), among college, secondary, and primary schools (F = 0.890, P = 0.459), different levels of school population (F = 0.738, P = 0.538), and different number of index cases (F = 1.749, P = 0.180). The most commonly implemented countermeasures were case isolation, treatment, and health education, followed by environment disinfection, symptom surveillance, and school closure. Social distance, prophylaxis, and stopping eye exercises temporary were implemented occasionally. The mean value of Rcon was 0.16 (range: 0.00–1.50). The mean value of Ieff was 97.16% (range: 71.44–100.00%). The transmissibility of AHC is high in small-scale outbreaks in China. Case isolation, treatment, and health education are the common countermeasures for controlling the disease.

scholarly journals Quality of life of post-menopausal women residing in rural and urban areas of Sikkim, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkha Devi ◽  
Prerna Karki ◽  
Rajnee Chhetry ◽  
Neelam Sharma ◽  
Manisha Niroula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Menopausal

Background: Menopause is an inevitable reproductive phase during midlife when various physical and mental changes may impair the quality of life of women. The presence and severity of symptoms vary tremendously from woman to woman and can last from months to years during this transitional period. This study was conducted to assess the quality of life and menopause related problems among post-menopausal women residing rural and urban areas of Sikkim.Methods: Descriptive explorative study was done in East Sikkim among 120 rural and urban post-menopausal women who were in the age group of 45 years and above, had attained natural menopause and didn’t have menstruation from last one year, were selected through purposive sampling technique. Women with induced menopause, hysterectomy, receiving hormonal treatment were excluded. Along with collection of socio-demographic data, the Menopause Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire was used to assess the Quality of life based on experience of the symptoms through interview technique.Results: The mean menopausal age was 48±3.649 years in rural area and 47±3.831 years for urban area. The mean scores in quality of life between post-menopausal women in rural areas (M=136.6, SD=28.78) were found significantly impaired and the difference was found statistically significant (t=5.75 p<0.001) which shows that rural women were having impaired quality of life as compared to urban women during post-menopausal period. The findings also revealed that factors affecting the quality of life of postmenopausal women were the history of menopause, occupation of women, in urban women and time of attending menopause, in rural women.Conclusions: The present study shows that menopause related symptoms had a negative effect on the quality of life of the post-menopausal women. Such studies can help in creating awareness and in educating women on the early identification of the common menopausal symptoms.

PREVALENCE OF CONSANGUINEOUS MARRIAGES AMONG SHI'A POPULATIONS OF LEBANON

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
GHADIR EL-KHESHEN ◽  
MOSTAFA SAADAT
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consanguineous Marriage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

SummaryIn genetics, a consanguineous marriage means union between couples who are related as second cousins or closer. The present cross-sectional study was carried out in order to illustrate the prevalence and types of consanguineous marriages in the Shi'a population living in widespread territories in Lebanon including the Bekaa Valley, the south of Lebanon and the southern suburb of Beirut. Data on types of marriages were collected using a simple questionnaire. The total number of couples in the study was 1203. Consanguineous marriage was classified by the degree of relationship between couples. The overall frequency of consanguinity was found to be 28.4%, with first cousin marriages (21.3%) being the most common type followed by first cousins once removed (5.5%), then double first cousins (0.8%). The frequencies of second cousin and beyond second cousin marriages were the same at 0.4% of all the marriages. The mean inbreeding coefficient (α) was estimated at about 0.0161 for the population. There were no significant differences between the three studied territories for frequencies of different types of marriages (p>0.1), nor were there significant differences between the rural and urban areas (p>0.1).

scholarly journals An epidemiological study regarding role of television about health awareness in rural and urban areas of district, Amritsar, Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Raghav Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Mahajan ◽  
Tejbir Singh ◽  
Shyam S. Deepti
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Almost All

Background: Television is not only a source of entertainment but also a major source of information including that related to health content. So this study was conducted to know the role of television in awareness about health programs and their utility.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 1000 respondents (500 urban and 500 rural) were studied in 5 rural and 5 urban from field practice area of Government Medical College, Amritsar. They were interviewed with the help of pretested and semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Almost all the respondents had watched television with 94% respondents in rural and 100% in urban. Those respondents who did not watched were due to non availability of television sets. Majority 3/4 of the respondents spent half to 2 hour per day watching television. Almost 2/3 of total respondents were aware about health related programs being shown on television and out of these 79.00% were actually watching these programs. 42.16% respondents were aware about health related advertisements. Respondents using these products 91.20% followed through self awareness whereas 8.80% were motivated by someone.Conclusions:Television viewing is almost a universal phenomenon but still in areas where it is more needed very few were being aware about health related content being shown on television and even those who were aware were not watching these programs.

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