scholarly journals Pseudoeosinophilia with Abnormal WBC Scattergram: an Important Diagnostic Clue on Hematology Analyzer

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 502-505
Author(s):  
Swathi C Prabhu ◽  
Anita Tahlan ◽  
Shreya Sharma ◽  
Sarabmeet S Lehl
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Peripheral Blood Film ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
Diagnostic Clue

Malaria is one of the most common parasitic diseases causing a significant burden on health care, especially in India. Light microscopy, the gold standard for malaria diagnosis is time-consuming especially in a setup where the caseload is high and parasite index is low. Knowledge of abnormal scattergrams by the malarial parasite is very essential to suspect malaria and screen those cases thoroughly on a peripheral smear for accurate diagnosis. A timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial to the prognosis of this disease. Herein, we report a case of a 40-year-old male from Punjab who presented to the emergency with fever and an altered sensorium. Analyzer showed characteristic pseudo eosinophilia with greying of neutrophil eosinophil zone with double eosinophil cluster. According to flagging rules because of eosinophilia, peripheral blood film (PBF) was made and examined, which revealed Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes.

scholarly journals Species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1334
Author(s):  
Abhishek Patel ◽  
Srinivasa K. ◽  
Manjunath G. A.
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Malarial Parasite ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

Background: The incidence of malaria is on the raise in Raichur district of Karnataka in the recent years and there is not much studies on malaria from this region. A hospital and community-based study was conducted to know the species wise incidence of malaria in pediatric age group of Raichur district and to know the efficacy of rapid diagnostic test for the diagnosis of malaria, against the gold standard ‘Microscopic examination’ of thick and thin smear.Methods: Blood samples from 676 children with clinical suspicion of malaria were tested by PBS study and RDT. Differentiation of malaria parasite is based on antigenic differences between pLDH isoforms. Results from the RDT were compared to those obtained by PBS.Results: A total of 302 (44.67%) samples were positive by PBS method of which 54 (8.0%) are Plasmodium falciparum, 248 (36.9%) are Plasmodium vivax and, while 218 (32.2%) were positive by RDT 37 (5.5%) Plasmodium falciparum, 181 (26.8%) Plasmodium vivax.  In present study the overall incidence of Plasmodium vivax in Raichur district is 36.69% and Plasmodium falciparum incidence is 7.99% and none of the samples have tested positive for Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium ovale species among the study group.   The RDT showed sensitivities of 53.70% and 66.13% and specificities of 98.71% and 96.03%, respectively for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax.Conclusions: Plasmodium vivax species remains the most common malarial parasite among the positive case by PBS method in Raichur district, but the incidence of plasmodium falciparum is on the rise which is a matter of concern. The RDT method has a low sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malaria since the identification of the four-parasite species is not possible. The careful examination of a well-prepared and well-stained blood film currently remains the "gold standard" for malaria diagnosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of distilled water as buffered water replacement during 3% Giemsa’s solution preparation in Malaria diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lai Yan Xia ◽  
Hamidah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Standard Method ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Modified Method

Malaria is a life-threatening disease which has claimed many lives. Giemsa's stain is the gold standard method in malaria diagnosis. Generally, Giemsa's stain is diluted with buffered water. However, sometimes, it produces poor staining of the blood smears, in which can create a major challenge in detecting and identifying positive malaria parasites in a peripheral blood smear. This can lead to misdiagnosis and mistreatment to a patient. The present study examined the effect of replacing the buffered water to distilled water during the preparation of 3% Giemsa's solution. Blood specimens were collected from selected positive (n=80) and negative (n=300) malaria cases in EDTA tube. The modified method employed distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water for diluting Giemsa’s solution stock. The microscopy observation was performed on each set of blood film stained by both modified and standard Giemsa staining methods by two WHO’s qualified technicians. All Giemsa solutions with different diluents were comparable in detecting malaria parasites in the blood films. There was no difference between distilled water and different concentrations of buffered water. Furthermore, distilled water produced homogeneous staining and clearer background of the blood films, which enables different species of malaria to be identified. The present study demonstrates that the modified staining using distilled water in malaria parasites identification is comparable to the gold standard method. In addition, the modified method is rapid, easily available, cost-effective, and reliable.

scholarly journals Analysis of Haematological Parameters as Predictors of Malaria Infection Using a Logistic Regression Model: A Case Study of a Hospital in the Ashanti Region of Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis Kobina Paintsil ◽  
Akoto Yaw Omari-Sasu ◽  
Matthew Glover Addo ◽  
Maxwell Akwasi Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Malaria Infection ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Malaria Diagnosis ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Peripheral Blood Film ◽  
Binary Logistic Model

Malaria is the leading cause of morbidity in Ghana representing 40-60% of outpatient hospital attendance with about 10% ending up on admission. Microscopic examination of peripheral blood film remains the most preferred and reliable method for malaria diagnosis worldwide. But the level of skills required for microscopic examination of peripheral blood film is often lacking in Ghana. This study looked at determining the extent to which haematological parameters and demographic characteristics of patients could be used to predict malaria infection using logistic regression. The overall prevalence of malaria in the study area was determined to be 25.96%; nonetheless, 45.30% of children between the ages of 5 and 14 tested positive. The binary logistic model developed for this study identified age, haemoglobin, platelet, and lymphocyte as the most significant predictors. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 77.4% and 75.7%, respectively, with a PPV and NPV of 52.72% and 90.51%, respectively. Similar to RDT this logistic model when used will reduce the waiting time and improve the diagnosis of malaria.

A STUDY OF EDTA DEPENDENT PSEUDOTHROMBOCYTOPENIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prateek Meena ◽  
Abhilasha Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Peripheral Blood Film ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Of Collection

Objective: To find out the frequency of Ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid (EDTA) Dependent   Pseudothrombocytopenia   (EDTA-PTCP)   in   all   blood counts Material and Methods: 130 cases of suspected EDTA-PTCP were assessed for its correctness using manual platelet count as the gold standard, and compared the platelet counts in two different anticoagulants (EDTA and CPT) at different times from the time of collection of blood sample. The collected data was analysed and statistics were made accordingly. Result: Total 151750 haemograms were done during the study period of which 2428 cases showed thrombocytopenia, accounting for 1.6%. Amongst these, the pseudothrombocytopenia was suspected in 130 cases and was found to be correct in 119 cases, thus accounting for the incidence of EDTA-PTCP in 0.07% cases of total haemograms and 4.9 % cases of total thrombocytopenia. In 11 cases, the suspicion of Pseudothrombocytopenia was found to be incorrect. Of the total 130 cases included in the study, with M: F ratio of 1:1.3. The age of the patients varied from 3-85 years with the mean age of 36.78 ± 20.33 years Conclusion: In all the cases of thrombocytopenia showed by automated blood cell counters,  the  examination  of  peripheral  blood  film  is  must  for  the presence of platelet clumps to detect the cases of EDTA- dependent Pseudothrombocytopenia. To get correct platelet count in these cases, the manual platelet count is the ‘gold standard’. CPT is the better alternative anticoagulant for EDTA in cases of EDTA –PTCP for automated platelet counts. Keywords: EDTA-PTCP,  haemogram, CPT,  exvivo agglutination

The Red Legs RATED tool to improve diagnosis of lower limb cellulitis in the emergency department

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. S22-S29
Author(s):  
Gillian O'Brien ◽  
Patricia White
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Significant Burden ◽  
User Friendly

Background: Lower limb cellulitis poses a significant burden for the Irish healthcare system. Accurate diagnosis is difficult, with a lack of validated evidence-based tools and treatment guidelines, and difficulties distinguishing cellulitis from its imitators. It has been suggested that around 30% of suspected lower limb cellulitis is misdiagnosed. An audit of 132 patients between May 2017 and May 2018 identified a pattern of misdiagnosis in approximately 34% of this cohort. Objective: The aim of this pilot project was to develop a streamlined service for those presenting to the emergency department with red legs/suspected cellulitis, through introduction of the ‘Red Leg RATED’ tool for clinicians. Method: The tool was developed and introduced to emergency department clinicians. Individuals (n=24) presenting with suspected cellulitis over 4 weeks in 2018 were invited to participate in data gathering. Finally, clinician questionnaire feedback regarding the tool was evaluated. Results: Fourteen participants consented, 6 female and 8 male with mean age of 65 years. The tool identified 50% (n=7) as having cellulitis, of those 57% (n=4) required admission, 43% (n=3) were discharged. The remainder who did not have cellulitis (n=7) were discharged. Before introduction of the tool, all would typically have been admitted to hospital for further assessment and management of suspected lower limb cellulitis. Overall, 72% (n=10) of patients who initially presented with suspected cellulitis were discharged, suggesting positive impact of the tool. Clinician feedback suggested all were satisfied with the tool and contents. Conclusion: The Red Leg RATED tool is user friendly and impacts positively on diagnosis treatment and discharge. Further evaluation is warranted.

scholarly journals THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD FILM

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-788
Author(s):  
A. G. Signy
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Blood Film ◽  
Peripheral Blood Film

scholarly journals Evaluation of two new rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for the diagnosis of malaria

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Jahan ◽  
Rubayet Elahi ◽  
Md. Khaja Mohiuddin ◽  
Md. Gulam Musawwir Khan ◽  
Mohammad Shafiul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Malaria Rdts ◽  
Resource Limited

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) address the need for accurate diagnosis of malaria, particularly in resource limited settings. In this study, two malaria RDTs were compared with gold standard microscopy: On Site Pf/Pv test detecting Plasmodium falciparum-specific histidine rich protein-2 (Pf HR P2) and P. vivax-specific parasitic lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) antigens; and SD Bioline anti-Pf/Pv test detecting anti-HR P2 and anti-pL DH antibodies for the diagnosis of P. falciparum and P. vivax infections, respectively. For OnSite test, the overall sensitivity was found 96.2% , specificity 98.2% , positive predictive value (PPV ) 98.2% , negative predictive value (NPV ) 96.4% and agreement with microscopy was found to be 0.94. On the other hand SD Bioline test, the overall sensitivity was 75.4%, specificity 83.7%, PPV 84.3% , NPV 74.5% and agreement with microscopy was 0.59. These data revealed that the R DT based on antigen detection (Onsite test) was more reliable than that based on the antibody detection (SD Bioline test).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v5i2.16931 Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2011; 05 (02): 11-15

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