Maternal risk factors and immediate outcome of late preterms

Background: This study was conducted to analyse the immediate outcome of late preterm babies and also to evaluate the various maternal risk factors in these babies so that close monitoring of these babies for the complications is done and immediate problems can be addressed.Methods: Prospective observational study done in level 3 NICU setting for 6 months. All babies born between 34-36/7 weeks are included in the study and they constitute the cases. Term (above 36 weeks 6 days gestation) newborns babies born during the study period are controls. Maternal history is taken in detail. Risk factors during pregnancy including maternal age, gravida, mode of delivery, medical conditions and birth details. Baby details like gestational age, sex, birth weight, and neonatal morbidities are recorded. The babies are either shifted to NICU or to mother’s side based depending on the baby’s condition. All of them are followed up till discharge.Results: 89 late preterm babies born in the hospital during the study period are included in the study. Out of 89 babies 45are females constituting 50.6% and 44are male babies constituting 49.4%. 20 (22.5%) babies had gestational age between 34-35 weeks.29 babies (32.5 %) had gestational age between 35-36 weeks and 40 babies (45%) are between 36-37 weeks of gestation. 47 babies (52.9%) have birth weight between 1.5-2.49 kg.42 babies (47.1%) have birth weight between 2.5-3.5 kg. The number of babies born by LSCS were 48 (54%) and 41 babies 46% are born through vaginal route.42 babies constituting 48.3% are appropriate for gestational age and 43 babies (49.4%) are small for gestationalage.34 (39.1%) babies required NICU admission and 55 (60.9%) babies did not require NICU admission. Among the maternal risk factors PIH was the commonest risk factor in 22babies (24.7 %), followed by PROM13 (14.6 %), oligohydramnios 6 (6.7 %) ,twin gestation 6 (6.7 %), MSAF 3 (3.4%), IDM 3 (3.4%), Antepartum hemorrhage 3 (3.4%), eclampsia 1 (1.1%) and maternal cardiac disease 1.1%. Neonatal morbidities are 25 late preterm babies had jaundice (28.7%) followed by RDS in 15 (17.2%), sepsis in 9 (10.3%), NEC 2 (2.3%), Hypoglycemia 5 (5.6%) late preterm babies required ventilation/ CPAP constituting 5.7%. Surfactant was used in 2 late preterm babies 2.3%. 87 babies (97.8%) got discharged and mortality is 2.2%.Conclusions: Late prematurity is associated with significant neonatal morbidity.

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Retinopathy of prematurity in preterm babies in a local medical college and hospital

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201343 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 1463

Author(s):

Shantisena Mishra ◽

Anjali Saji ◽

Saiprasanna Behera ◽

Sridhar Mohanty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Multiple Gestation ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Preterm Babies

Background: Retinopathy of prematurity is a multifactorial vasoproliferative retinal disease that increases in incidence with decreasing gestational age and is one of the leading causes of preventable childhood blindness in India. Advances in neonatology have led to dramatic increase in survival of preterm neonates and in turn, to the risk of developing ROP. Since most of the risk factors associated with ROP mentioned above arise in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) itself and most of them are avoidable, cautious monitoring of the risk factors, early screening, follow up and surgical intervention have been shown to reduce the incidence and improve the outcome of ROP.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted for a period of 2 years. A total of 151 infants admitted in NICU /SNCU who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Initial and follow up screening was conducted in three phases the results were documented in proforma after ethical clearance.Results: Comparison of risk factors between eyes with and without ROP was done using Chi-square test. A p-value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Incidence of ROP in centre is found to be 33.8%. Among maternal risk factors, multiple gestation and PROM/PPROM is found to be significant in the development of ROP from this study. However, mode of delivery and gestational hypertension, were found to be not significant in ROP. Among neonatal risk factors, low birth weight, lower gestational age, prolonged oxygen exposure, blood transfusion, mechanical ventilation, sepsis, phototherapy was found to be significant in this study.Conclusions: ROP, being an emerging cause for potentially blinding visual disability, needs to be diagnosed early. Due to the advancements in neonatology and better survival of preterm babies, timely screening, regular follow up, early detection and intervention is mandatory. A multidisciplinary approach is required in diagnosis and treatment of the disease. Proper counselling and motivation for parents of preterm and low birth weight babies for regular follow up is also essential.

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NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.04.2312 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (04) ◽

pp. 745-749

Author(s):

Sikandar Ali Bhand ◽

Farzana Sheikh ◽

Abdul Rehman Siyal ◽

Muhammad Akber Nizamani ◽

Muhammad Saeed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Family History ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Metabolic Disorder ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

History Of

… Objective: To determine the presenting features and assessment of the neonateswith hypoglycemia along with maternal and neonatal risk factors for hypoglycemia. Subjects &methods: All consecutive neonates with hypoglycemia admitted were included in the study.Demographic characteristics of the mothers and their babies, past medical history and illnessesduring pregnancy especially that, of diabetes mellitus and duration, details of the management oflabour and place of delivery, birth asphyxia as well as history of feeding prior to admission. All therisk factors and clinical features were documented. Results: From presenting features neonateswere most common temperature instability 32% of the neonates. Maternal risk factors were asMaternal diabetic mellitus, Intrapartum administration of glucose , Maternal drug uses as: (Betablockers, Oral hypoglycemic agents, Valproate), family history of metabolic disorder and withoutany factors with the percentage 13%, 17%, (15%, 08%, 07%) , 27% and 13% respectively.Neonatal risk factors of the patients were found low birth weight 49%, small gestational age 26%,macrosomia 11%, respiratory distress 32%, sepsis 20%, hypothermia 25%, congenital cardiacabnormalities 4%, endocrine disorder 4%, family history of metabolic disorder 7%, inborn errorsof metabolism 4%, rhesus hemolytic disease 5%, erythroblastosis fetalis 1%, inadequate feeding35% and neonates without factors were 6%. Conclusions: The risk factors associate withneonatal hypoglycemia are, low birth weight, small gestational age, macrodome, respiratorydistress, sepsis, hypothermia and inadequate feeding , and maternal risk factors associate toneonatal hypoglycemia was Eclampsia, Maternal diabetic mellitus, and maternal drug uses

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Clinical evaluation of anesthesia for high-risk cesarean section at a tertiary medical center: retrospective study for 8 years (2009–2016)

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519859749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (9) ◽

pp. 4365-4373

Author(s):

HW Kang ◽

WY Kim ◽

SJ Jin ◽

YH Kim ◽

TJ Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

High Risk ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Perioperative Outcomes ◽

Apgar Scores ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Group A ◽

Nicu Admission ◽

Group B

Objective The number of high-risk pregnancies is increasing in tertiary medical centers. Therefore, we investigated perioperative outcomes based on risk factors to ascertain proper maternal and neonatal management. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients receiving cesarean sections over an 8-year period. Clinical parameters for anesthesia and the neonatal outcome were compared among high-risk groups after subdivision by the number of clinical risk factors. The groups were as follows: group A (one risk factor), group B (two risk factors), and group C (three or more risk factors). Results Patient age, estimated blood loss (EBL), and volume of transfused red blood cell (RBC) were higher in group B than group A. Birth weight, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, and gestational age were lower while the frequency of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission was higher in group B than group A. Group C patients were significantly older than group A or B patients. Birth weight, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores and gestational age were significantly lower while frequency of NICU admission was higher in group C than group A and B. Conclusion The number of maternal risk factors was positively associated with adverse outcomes in the neonates.

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Clinical profile of meconium aspiration syndrome in relation to birth weight and gestational age

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20180981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 726

Author(s):

Ravi Garg ◽

Rupesh Masand ◽

Chaman Ram Verma ◽

Girdhari Lal Sharma ◽

Suman Ankit Yadav

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Birth Asphyxia ◽

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽

P Value ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Meconium Aspiration ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

The Mean

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is commonly encountered entity in neonates delivered in rural health centres.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 50 consecutive cases of MAS who were admitted in Level III NICU of the Department of Pediatrics of a tertiary care teaching hospital located 50 kms from Jaipur city amidst rural surroundings from 1st January 2016 to 31st July 2017. Appropriate statistical analysis was carried out using Medcalc statistical software (version 16.4).Results: Out of 3585 deliveries, prevalence of MSAF and MAS was 14% and 8.5% respectively. The M:F ratio of study subjects was 1.2:1.The maternal risk factors significantly associated with MAS were maternal anemia (p value-<0.001), maternal age >30 (p value-0.025) and unbooked pregnancies (p value-0.032). The mean birth weight was 2734±499gms. Majority of cases of MAS were seen in babies with birth weight between 2.5-3.5 kg (n=30, 60%).The mean gestational age was 38.6±2.4 weeks. 30 (60%) babies were delivered after completing 37-<40 weeks of gestation and 9 (18%) babies were of 40-<42 weeks of gestation. The common complications observed were exaggerated physiological hyperbilirubinemia (75%), birth asphyxia (50%) and septicaemia (27.08%). The commonest cause of mortality was birth asphyxia (57.14%) and pneumonia (42.8%).Conclusions: MAS is a cause of concern for the attending obstetrician and pediatrician as it is associated with life threatening complications and mortality. Efforts need to be invested in promotion of institutional antenatal care and institutional deliveries so that maternal risk factors can be identified and managed effectively, especially in rural areas.

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MATERNAL RISK FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT (LBW): SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Indonesian Midwifery and Health Sciences Journal ◽

10.20473/imhsj.v4i1.2020.73-81 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 73

Author(s):

Jianti Fina Lestari ◽

Risa Etika ◽

Pudji Lestari

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Age ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Arm Circumference

Abstract Background: Low Birth Weight Babies (LBW) accounts for 60 - 80% of all neonatal deaths in the world. Not the only major predictor of mortality and morbidity in neonates, individuals with a history of LBW have a greater risk of experiencing various diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes later in life. This systematic review study aims to identify maternal risk factors that contributing to LBW Method: Articles published between 2015 - 2020 in the Science Direct, Scopus and Cochrane library databases are systematically reviewed. Eleven articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included as samples for further review. Results regarding maternal risk factors for LBW events are synthesized systematically .Results: From the search results, there were 818 articles, after the screening process, the final results were 11 articles. Risk factors that are significantly related to LBW incidence in the article, are grouped in the subtheme, include: maternal age (<20 years, and each increase in age), parity (primipara and grandemultipara), low maternal upper arm circumference, hemoglobin levels less than 11 gr / dl, gestational age below 37 weeks, and complications during pregnancy. Conclusion: maternal age, parity, arm circumference, hemoglobin level, gestational age, and complications during pregnancy were significaly found to be maternal risk factors for LBW.

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Maternal Factors Associated with Small-for-Dateness Among Twins

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae twin research ◽

10.1017/s0001566000008357 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 31 (3-4) ◽

pp. 241-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Denis Hemon ◽

Colette Berger ◽

Philippe Lazar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Factors ◽

Maternal Weight ◽

Smoking During Pregnancy ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Twin Pregnancies

The maternal risk factors that correlate with small-for-dateness among twins have been analyzed using a sample of 659 twin pairs and a matched sample of singletons. Non-marital status, job involvement, and the previous delivery of a low-birth weight (<2,500g) infant present a negative interaction with twinning, as low gestational age-adjusted birth weight does not correlate significantly with these risk factors among twin gestations, while it does among singleton gestations. On the other hand, the effects of parity, habitual maternal weight, smoking during pregnancy, and twinning are additive on gestational age-adjusted birth weight. Indeed, the decrease in adjusted birth weight associated with these risk factors is of the same magnitude among twins and singletons and is statistically significant in both cases. These findings suggest that exposure of twin pregnancies to these latter risk factors, and particularly to smoking during pregnancy, can lead to the delivery of newborns with extremely low birth weights.

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Co-relation of maternal risk factors and perinatal events with immediate neonatal outcome in late preterm compared to term small for gestational age babies

10.17727/jmsr.2017/5-3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Mullick CA ◽

Sharma N ◽

Pote P

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Maternal Risk

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A study of short term outcome of late preterm babies

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171686 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 858

Author(s):

Selvan Tamil ◽

Saravanan P. ◽

Nagaraj M. S. ◽

Mrigendra Nath Tudu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Late Preterm ◽

Maternal Risk Factors ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Outcome ◽

Maternal Risk ◽

Short Term Outcome ◽

Preterm Babies ◽

The Common ◽

And Control

Background: Late preterm babies born between 34 to <37 weeks of gestation are associated with adverse short term and long term outcomes and an increased burden on health care. Aim was to study the short term outcome of late preterm babies in comparison with term babies and to study the maternal risk factors involved in late preterm.Methods: Prospective and descriptive study was conducted on the late preterm babies born at SIMS & RC over a period of 15 months from October 2015 to December 2016. Cases included were late preterm newborns and control was term newborns.Results: Among late preterm babies, the common maternal risk factors observed was PIH in 35.3% (40/113), antepartum haemorrhage in 20.3% (23/113) and PPROM in 19.4% (22/113) of the cases. Based on gestational age, majority of them were between 35≤36 weeks in 38.9% (44/113). Based on birth weight, most of them were between 1.5-2.5 kg in 85.8% (97/113). Among gender majority of them were males in 56.6% (64/113) of the cases. Late preterm babies had more morbidities and mortality compared to term babies. The common morbidities observed were jaundice in 63.7% (72/113), feed intolerance in 28.3% (32/113), hypoglycemia in 27.4% (31/113) and sepsis in 22.1% (25/113) of the cases when compared to term babies jaundice were noted in 62% (1228/1978), sepsis in 5.7% (113/1978), hypoglycaemia in 3.4% (68/1978), respiratory distress in 3.1% (63/1978) of the cases respectively. The late preterm mortality was 1.7% (2/113) compared term mortality of 0.45% (9/1978). Overall late preterm mortality rate was 0.86% (2/2311) compared to term which was 3.89%(9/2311) of the total live births.Conclusions: This study shows morbidity and mortality was high in late preterm babies compared to term babies with significant maternal risk factors.

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