Detection of red cell alloantibodies in thalassaemia patients

Background: β-thalassaemia patients receive regular blood transfusion to thrive. Due to antigen disparity between the blood donors and these patients they develop red cell alloantibodies due to alloimmunization. The objective of this study is to predict the frequency of red cell alloimmunization amongst β-thalassaemia major patients receiving regular blood transfusion.Methods: This study including 106 patients with β-thalassaemia was conducted in the department of Transfusion Medicine, S. C. B. Medical College, Cuttack for a period of 12 months. Alloantibodies to different red cell blood group antigens in multi-transfused thalassaemia patients were detected using the glass bead technology for blood group serology in the present study.Results: Out of 106 β-thalassaemia major patients included in the study, 7.5% of patients developed alloantibodies, all being clinically significant. The alloantibodies were anti-E, anti c, anti e and anti-D. The rate of incidence of these alloantibodies was 3.8%, 1.9%, 0.9% and 0.9% respectively. There was a significant association between alloantibody formation with number of transfused packed red cells (Mann-Whitney Test: p value = 0.035) and age at first transfusion (p value = 0.001). The factors having no association with alloimmunization to red cell antigens are age and gender.Conclusions: Alloimmunization to various erythrocyte blood group antigens is a common problem in multi-transfused β-thalassaemia patients. There is an association between number of transfused packed red cells and age at first transfusion with alloantibody formation in the study.

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Prevalence of ABO, RhD and other clinically significant Blood Group Antigens among blood donors at tertiary care center, Gwalior

Bali Medical Journal ◽

10.15562/bmj.v9i2.1779 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Shelendra Sharma ◽

Dharmesh Chandra Sharma ◽

Sunita Rai ◽

Anita Arya ◽

Reena Jain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Tertiary Care Center ◽

Clinically Significant

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Phenotypic Profile of Rh and Kell Blood Group Systems among Blood Donors in Cote d’Ivoire, West Africa

Journal of Blood Transfusion ◽

10.1155/2014/309817 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

L. Siransy Bogui ◽

B. Dembele ◽

Y. Sekongo ◽

S. Abisse ◽

S. Konaté ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Red Cell ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

Blood Transfusion Center ◽

Donor Population ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Design And Methods

Few countries in sub-Saharan Africa make systematic searches for antigens C, c, E, and e of the Rh and Kell system antigens in the donor and recipient, thereby exposing transfused patients. Purpose and Objectives. In this paper, we propose to determine the red cell Rh and Kell blood groups among blood donors from traditional techniques to improve medical care of transfused patients. This study will allow us to assess the frequency of blood group antigens in these systems. Study Design and Methods. We carried out a study on the red cell typing in the blood donor population of the National Blood Transfusion Center in Abidjan. This study was performed on 651 blood donors. Results. For the Rh system, the antigen frequencies of D, c, e, C, and E are, respectively, 92.93%, 99.85%, 99.85%, 21.97%, and 13.82%. K antigen is found in 0.77% of donors. Discussion and Conclusion. Although the frequencies of the most immunogenic antigens are lower than in the white race, lack of preventive measures makes the immunological risk high in Africa. Furthermore, Africa is full of specificities that are important to note for a better care of our patients.

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Clinically Significant Minor Blood Group Antigens amongst North Indian Donor Population

Advances in Hematology ◽

10.1155/2013/215454 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Divjot Singh Lamba ◽

Ravneet Kaur ◽

Sabita Basu

Keyword(s):

Racial Differences ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Group Antigen ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Young Females ◽

Group System ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Antigen Frequency

Background. Racial differences in blood group antigen distribution are common and may result in striking and interesting findings. These differences in blood group antigen distribution are important due to their influence on the clinical practice of transfusion medicine.Study Design and Methods. This is a prospective study, involving 1000 healthy regular repeat voluntary blood donors associated with the department. The clinically significant minor blood group antigens of these donors were studied.Results. Out of 1000 healthy regular repeat voluntary blood donors, 93% were D positive and 2.8% were K positive. Amongst the Rh antigens, e was the most common (99%), followed by D (93%), C (85.1%), c (62.3%), and E (21.5%). Within the MNS blood group system, antigen frequency was M (88%), N (57.5%), S (57.8%), and s (87.5%). Within the Duffy blood group system, antigen frequency wasFya(87.3%) andFyb(58.3%).Conclusions. This data base will help us to prevent alloimmunisation in young females, pregnant women, and patients who are expected to require repeated transfusions in life by providing them with antigen matched blood. Antigen negative blood can also be made available without delay to already alloimmunized multitransfused patients.

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Distribution of RH and Kell (K) blood group antigens among blood donors in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu region, India

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20191344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 1308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irm Yasmeen ◽

Meena Sidhu ◽

Ibrar Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Data Bank ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Red Cell ◽

Cell Antigen ◽

K Antigen

Background: Knowledge about the frequency of red cell antigen phenotype is very important for the creation of donor data bank and to minimize the risk of alloimmunization. This requires the determination of immunological characteristics of blood products and blood recipients by performing phenotyping of clinically significant blood group antigens. The aims and objectives were to study the distribution of Rh and Kell (K) antigen among blood donors of different ethnic groups in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was prospective observational cross sectional one-point analysis study which was carried out over a period of one year with effect from November 2015 to October 2016 in the Postgraduate Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion Medicine, Shri Maharaja Gulab Singh (SMGS) Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It comprised of voluntary and replacement donors and categorized into different ethnic groups i.e Dogras, Gujjar Muslims, Non-Gujjar Muslims, Kashmiri Pandits, Sikhs and Christian. Donors selection criteria was as per Drug and Cosmetic Act.Results: A total of 500 (Five hundred) blood samples from the donors of all blood groups were typed for the presence of Rh (D, C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigens. Out of these 500 samples, 420 were antigen typed by conventional tube technique and 80 samples were typed by column agglutination technique using glass beads. As per ethnicity, maximum donors were Dogras (74%) followed by Non-Gujjar Muslims (9.4%), Gujjar Muslims (9%), Sikhs (5.6%), Kashmiri Pandits (1.4%) and Christians were the least in frequency (0.6%). On phenotyping for Rh and Kell antigens ‘e’ antigen have the ubiquitous distribution and was found to have the highest frequency 486 (97.2%) followed by ‘D’ antigen 472 (94.4%), ‘C’ antigen 426 (85.2%), ‘c’ antigen 320 (64.0%) and ‘E’ antigen 103 (20.6%). Overall frequency of Kell (K) antigen was 2.6%.Conclusions: Knowledge of red cell antigen phenotype frequencies in a population with different ethnic groups can help in creating donor data bank and database for the distribution of blood groups for preparing inhouse cell panels and providing proper antigen compatible blood for patients with multiple alloantibodies and also reduce the risk of RBC antigen alloimmunization along with their complications.

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from CD99 high expressors but membranes from CD99 low expressors required exposure of 5 minutes before the 32 kD band was apparent [50]. Unfortunately, these tests gave no information about the Xga protein because the position of the Xga band was masked by the antibody light chain which became labelled. However, a 32 kD band was seen in the Xga-immunoprecipitate from Xg(a+) but not from Xg(a-) cells [50]. It has not yet been proved that this is the CD99 protein because this band was not stained by immunoblotting Xga-immunoprecipitates with 12E7. The luciferin-enhanced luminescent proceedure to detect the avidin-biotin label is very much more sensitive than immunoblotting. Our results support the theory that Xga and CD99 may be associated in the membrane. Cloning of the XG gene will increase our understanding of this relationship. The important blood group genes have been cloned but two big problems remain, regulation on antigen expression and the function of blood group polymorphisms. Rare phenotypes should still be studied because they will contribute to unravelling the mechanisms responsible for the polymorphisms. The wealth of serological information which continues to increase includes many examples of variable expression of red cell antigens. Some antigens do not show the same variation on other cells suggesting that some modes of regulation may be limited to red cells. Association of blood group antigens with proteins of known function and identification of red cell antigens on cells other than red cells will contibute to understanding the functions of the blood group polymorphisms. REFERENCES 1. P.L. Mollison, C.P. Engelfreit and M. Contreras, Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine. Blackwell Scientfic Publications, Oxford (1993). 2. M. Lewis (Chairman) et al, Vox Sang., 61_, 158-160 (1991). 3. G.L. Daniels, J.J. Moulds (chairman) et al, Vox Sang., 65, 77-80 (1993). 4. A.C. Petty, J. Immunol. Meth., 161. 91-95 (1993). 5. J. M. Moulds, in Immunobiology of Transfusion Medicine. G. Garratty ed. Marcel Dekker. Inc., New York, (1994) pp. 273-297. 6. J.M. Moulds, M.W. Nickells, J.J. Moulds, M.C. Brown and J.P. Atkinson, J. Exp. Med., 173, 1159-1163 (1991). 7. N. Rao, D.J. Ferguson, S-F. Lee and M.J. Telen, J. Immun., 146, 3502-3507 (1991). 8. A.C. Petty, (abs) Transfusion Medicine 3 Suppl 1, 84 (1993). 9. J.M. Moulds, J.J. Moulds, M. Brown and J.P. Atkinson, Vox Sang. 62, 230-235 (1992).

Transfusion Immunology and Medicine ◽

10.1201/9781482273441-16 ◽

1995 ◽

pp. 198-198

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Blood Group ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

Antigen Expression ◽

Red Cells ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Transfusion Medicine ◽

Red Cell ◽

Variable Expression ◽

Red Cell Antigens

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PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO ASSESS ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS AND RISK OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION CONDUCTED IN A TERTIARY CENTRE.

10.36106/gjra/9000364 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10-11

Author(s):

Lubna Khan ◽

Mohd Fahimuddin ◽

Samarjeet Kaur ◽

Chayanika Kala

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Blood Group ◽

Health Care Workers ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Groups ◽

P Value ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Care Workers ◽

Group Frequency ◽

Coronavirus Infection

Purpose: COVID-19 has caused large scale morbidity and mortality. Assessment of frequency of blood groups in COVID-19 to investigate its susceptibility in different blood groups will help in risk stratication and its better understanding. Aims: To assess association between blood group antigens and coronavirus infection. Settings and Design: Blood group of COVID-19 patients was determined and was compared with blood group of blood donors over a period of 23 months. Blood group of both Ccovid-19 positive and negative health care workers was also compared. Methods and Material: Blood group determination was done in 1559 COVID-19 patients, out of which 81 were health care workers. Blood group of 754 COVID-19 negative health care workers was also determined. Gel column technique was used for blood grouping. Blood group frequency of COVID-19 patients was compared with blood group frequency of blood donors over a period of 23 months. Statistical analysis used: Odds ratio, 95% condence limit, z statistic and p value were calculated using online software available at https://www.medcalc.org/calc/odds_ratio.php. p value less than 0.05 was considered signicant. Results: B+ is most prevalent blood group in blood donors hence it was the most frequent blood group encountered in COVID19 patients, No signicant difference was noted in frequency of blood groups of COVID-19 patients and blood donors. Similar results were obtained after comparison of blood group in COVID-19 positive and negative Conclusions: No blood group is immune to SARS-CoV-2. Hence there should be universal compliance of sanitization protocols and vaccination

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ASSOCIATION OF BLOOD GROUP SYSTEMS WITH BLOOD-BORNE INFECTIONS AND ITS IMPLICATION ON CADAVER SELECTION IN THE POST COVID ERA: A STUDY AMONG BLOOD DONORS OF KOLKATA

10.36106/ijar/9305425 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 81-85

Author(s):

Ansuman Ray ◽

Santanu Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis C ◽

Blood Group ◽

Blood Donors ◽

Blood Bank ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Blood Group Antigens ◽

Qualitative Comparison ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Hbs Ag

Introduction: Blood group antigens play a vital role in transfusion safety, understanding genetics, inheritance pattern, researching population migration patterns, as well as resolving certain medico-legal issues Aims & Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HIV and Syphilis infections in blood donors referred to Blood Bank of Calcutta National Medical College and to determine any association between blood groups and blood borne infections and their impact on procurement and dissection of dead bodies. Methods: An observational study with cross sectional design of data collection was conducted in the Blood Bank of Calcutta Nation Medical College for a period of three months. All of the eligible donor serum samples were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis. Test result of the collected blood was noted and tabulated in Microsoft Excel Sheet. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 20 software. Chi-square test was performed for Qualitative comparison. Result:Total number of HIV, HbS Ag, Anti HCV, VDRL, MP positive cases were 16 (1.54%), 51(4.92%), 18(1.74%), 28(2.7%), 30(2.9%) respectively. 56.2% HIV positive cases were in the age group of 18-30 and 87.5% HIV positive cases were male.3.9% of HbS Ag positive cases, 10.7% VDRL positive cases, 3.3% MP positive cases were also HIV Positive. Signicant correlation was obtained HIV & VDRL and VDRL & anti HCV Conclusion: Hepatitis C was highest among the study population and signicant correlation was present between Syphilis and HIV or Hepatitis C. In the background of novel emergent diseases with spread via body uids, such information on blood borne infections may help us to formulate future guidelines on cadaver dissection.

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Depressed blood group antigens on red cells from a Mexican donor

Transfusion ◽

10.1046/j.1537-2995.1983.23183147309.x ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 65-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

V Biro ◽

G Garratty ◽

CL Johnson ◽

WL Marsh

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Red Cells ◽

Blood Group Antigens

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Cytogenetic, anatomical and blood group studies of sheep twin chimaeras

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1970.0018 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 175 (1039) ◽

pp. 183-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Blood Group ◽

Sex Chromosomes ◽

Cell Types ◽

In Utero ◽

Red Cells ◽

Cell Populations ◽

Red Cell ◽

X Protein ◽

Blood Grouping

Karyotyping and blood grouping methods were used to identify sheep twin chimaeras. Evidence that an exchange of blood cell precursors (the origin of chimaerism) had taken place in utero was obtained by examining lymphocytes in culture and finding the chromosomes of both sexes in one individual, or by finding admixture of red cell antigens, haemoglobin or ‘X ’ protein. Where chimaerism of sex chromosomes was found the pairs had identical red cell types, but two separate populations of red cells were not always identifiable. The four females in the pairs studied were freemartins. No correlation was found between the relative proportions of the two red cell populations and those of the two white cell populations. In one pair of chimaeric ewes, breeding tests showed that the major red cell populations in each case were the true genetic type. In the freemartins no correlation was found between the degree of masculinity and the numbers of male lymphocytes. A possible correlation of masculinity with red cell proportions is discussed.

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