scholarly journals Clinical profile of hypoglycemia in neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Sayooj Somanathan ◽  
Sriram Pothapregada ◽  
Anuradha Varadhan ◽  
Ruth Ann Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Neonatal Risk Factors

Background: This study was conducted to study the clinical profile of hypoglycemia in newborn and to determine the prevalence of hypoglycemia among neonates admitted in NICU.Methods: All newborns admitted in NICU were examined and those with hypoglycemia (GMR<45 mg/dl) were included in the study and observed. In neonates with risk factors blood sugar was screened at 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours of life or whenever symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia developed in any neonates and for critically sick neonates blood sugar was screened in every 6 hour in active phase of illness. Any neonates with blood glucose level less than 45 mg/dl were analysed for maternal risk factors, neonatal risk factors and course in the NICU.Results: The prevalence of neonatal hypoglycemia was 14.9% among NICU admissions. The maternal risk factors were GDM, PIH, and PROM. The neonatal risk factors were prematurity, SGA, LGA and comorbid conditions which include perinatal asphyxia, sepsis, polycythemia, shock. The common symptoms were poor feeding, lethargy, jitteriness, convulsions, irritability, hypotonia and cyanosis. Majority of the neonates required only oral feeds for correction of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: Blood glucose screening in neonates with this risk factor is mandatory as many of the neonates were asymptomatic. The importance of early initiation of breast feeding to prevent hypoglycemia should be emphasized. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of risk factors for perinatal asphyxia in a tertiary care hospital in Bangalore: an observational prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1952
Author(s):  
Somashekhar Chikkanna ◽  
Kavya S. ◽  
Saravanan P. ◽  
Nagaraj M. V.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Perinatal Asphyxia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Observational Prospective Study

Background: Perinatal asphyxia is an insult to fetus or newborn due to lack of oxygen (hypoxia) or lack of perfusion (ischemia) to various organs of sufficient magnitude and duration. Prenatal asphyxia is one of the major causes of early neonatal mortality in India. Our goal was to evaluate risk factors of perinatal asphyxia.Methods: Observational prospective study on 100 babies delivered in our hospital consecutively and requiring resuscitation were included.Results: The mean age of mothers was 23.5 years. 54% neonates were born to primiparous mothers. Anaemia was widely prevalent in the mothers of neonates requiring resuscitation. The major maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation were pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (46%), oligohydramnios (41%), polyhydramnios (30%) and meconium stained liquor (28%). The fetal factors associated with resuscitation of newborns were intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) (30%), prematurity (25%), meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) (20%), and neonatal seizures (36%). Mortality was highest in hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) stage 3 with 11%.Conclusions: The most common maternal risk factors for newborns requiring resuscitation was PIH followed by oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and meconium stained liquor. IUGR was the most common fetal risk factor followed by, prematurity, MAS and neonatal seizures.

scholarly journals Clinical profile and outcome of neonatal thrombocytopenia in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1344
Author(s):  
Sumarth Lal Meena ◽  
Kanwar Singh ◽  
Sanjiv Jain ◽  
Anil Jain ◽  
B. S. Karnawat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Transfusion Therapy ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Neonatal Thrombocytopenia

Background: Thrombocytopenia (platelet count <1,50,000/µL) is one of the most common haematological problems in neonatal intensive care units. In contrast, only 2% of the normal neonates are thrombocytopenic at birth with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <50,000/µL) occurring in less than 3/1000 term infants. Multiple disease processes can cause thrombocytopenia in neonates. The important causes of thrombocytopenia in neonates are sepsis, birth asphyxia, prematurity, intra-uterine growth retardation, hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome and low birth weight. Apart from platelet count, bleeding manifestations depend on underlying ailments. The aims and objective were to study the clinical profile, etiology and outcome of neonatal thrombocytopenia in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: Prospective study involving 100 neonates with or developed neonatal thrombocytopenia in NICU.Results: In present study, 100 new-borns with thrombocytopenia 46% were mild, 35% were moderate and 19% were severe thrombocytopenia. 51 (51%) had early onset neonatal thrombocytopenia and 49 (49%) babies had late onset neonatal thrombocytopenia. Anaemia was the dominant maternal predisposing risk factor. Sepsis was the most common cause of neonatal thrombocytopenia. Most common symptom was apnoea. Sepsis, RDS and NEC had significantly contributed to mortality. Most common cause of death was sepsis followed by RDS and NEC.Conclusions: Neonatal thrombocytopenia is a treatable and reversible condition. Hence, it is important to identify neonates at risk and initiate transfusion therapy to prevent severe bleeding and potentially significant morbidity. Anaemia and PROM were the commonest maternal risk factors. Therefore, author recommended that babies born to mothers with these risk factors should be closely monitored for thrombocytopenia.

scholarly journals Study on prevalence of maternal risk factors, morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight neonates

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Ujjwala S. Keskar ◽  
Anjali H. Parekh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Very Low Birth Weight ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Antenatal Steroids

Background: Very low birth weight babies with respiratory complications are the commonest reason for admission in NICU. We wanted to identify maternal risk factors associated with it and ways to prevent it. The objective of the current study was to study the prevalence of maternal risk factors, morbidity and mortality in VLBW babies admitted in tertiary care hospital NICU.Methods: Cross sectional observational study performed on all very low birth weight (VLBW) neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of tertiary care hospital attached with Smt. Kashibai Navale medical college, Pune from January 2019 to March 2020.Results: In our study VLBW babies were 2.2% (78/3545). Mean gestational age was 31.15±3.21 weeks; mean birth weight was 1226.24±250.95 grams. Small for gestational age (SGA) babies were 41% and 96% were preterm. Maternal risk factors were present in 61.53% of deliveries, commonest were anaemia in 30.06 % and preeclampsia in 24.35%. Resuscitation at birth was required in 30.76% babies. Morbidity profile showed respiratory distress syndrome in 46.15%, neonatal sepsis in 19.23% and patent ductus arteriosus in 16.66% babies. Overall survival was 74.35%. Prematurity and its complications like RDS requiring surfactant therapy and mechanical ventilation were significant contributors for mortality but only 23.07% mothers were found to have received antenatal steroids in the hospital .Conclusions: Anaemia and preeclampsia were commonly found risk factors present in 61.53% of mothers of VLBW babies. Use of antenatal steroids in mothers should be made compulsory to decrease mortality in VLBW preterm newborns.

scholarly journals Study of congenital malformations in newborns: a hospital based prospective study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1409
Author(s):  
Kinjal G. Patel ◽  
Chintu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Maternal Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasonography

Background: Congenital malformations represent a defect in the morphogenesis during fetal life. Since the introduction of primary health care and immunization programme, congenital malformations have emerged as one of the commonest cause of perinatal mortality. The objective was to study the incidence, systemic distribution, various maternal risk factors and immediate outcome of congenital malformations in hospital delivered neonates.Methods: This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital for a period of 2 years. All the hospital delivered live neonates and stillbirth babies with congenital malformations are included in this study. Detailed history, examinations and investigations are carried out to identify etiological factors. Their outcome in form of morbidity and mortality are taken up to their hospital stay.Results: Out of 9600 babies with malformations 171(1.88%) having single malformation and 23(0.25%) having multiple malformations. Incidence of malformations was higher in stillbirths (24.25/1000 livebirths) against than in live births (19.96/1000 livebirths).  The cardiovascular system was involved in 23.4% of babies, followed by musculoskeletal system (22.3%) then gastrointestinal (15.9%) and genitourinary system (15.4%).   Multiple malformations were seen in 11.8% cases. Maternal risk factors associated with malformations were oligohydramnios in 4.12%, previous abortion in 2.5%, eclampsia in 2.5%, polyhydramnios in 1.54%, maternal diabetes in 1.54% and consanguinity in 1.03%. Maximum mortality occurred in babies with gastrointestinal system malformations (56.5%) followed by cardiovascular system malformations (21.7%).  Majority of babies with malformations discharged (78.9%) only 11.8% of babies expired and 2.6% of babies left against medical advice (LAMA).Conclusions: Congenital malformations represent one of the causes of neonatal mortality.  Stillborn babies have higher incidence of malformations. Antenatal ultrasonography and maternal risk factors has important role to identify malformations. Early detection and timely management required to decrease the mortality. 

scholarly journals Clinical profile and risk factors for mortality among COVID-19 inpatients at a tertiary care centre in Bengaluru, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamini Marimuthu ◽  
Radhika Kunnavil ◽  
NS Anil ◽  
Sharath Burugina Nagaraja ◽  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
South India ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre

COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease affecting more than 200 countries worldwide and it present with varied clinical profile throughout the world. Without effective drugs to cure COVID-19, early identification and control of risk factors are important measures to combat COVID-19.  This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India. This record-based longitudinal study was conducted by reviewing the case records of COVID-19 patients admitted for treatment from June 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care centre in South India. The clinical details, discharge/death details, were collected and entered in MS Excel. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were analysed using univariate binomial logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson distribution. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the equality of survivor functions between the groups. Out of 854 COVID-19 patients, 56.6% were men and the mean (standard deviation) age was 45.3(17.2) years. The median survival time was significantly lesser in male COVID-19 patients (16 days) as compared to female patients (20 days). Increasing age, male gender, patients presenting with symptoms of fever, cough, breathlessness, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Patients with older age, male gender, breathlessness, fever, cough, smoking and alcohol and comorbidities need careful observation and early intervention.  Public health campaigns aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use are also needed.

Risk Factors for Intrauterine Growth Restriction: 9 Years Analysis in Tertiary Care Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-82
Author(s):  
Abha Shrestha ◽  
N Pradhan ◽  
B Kayastha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Background: Intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) fetuses are at higher risk of developing neonatal complications and also known to develop metabolic syndrome in adult life. So, an early antenatal detection, choosing the optimal time and method of delivery and intervention when required could minimize the risk significantly. Objective: To find out the prenatal outcome and the maternal and placental risk factors. Methods: A prospective study was conducted from January 2010 to January 2019, at a Teaching Hospital. A singleton pregnancy, above 28 weeks of gestation with clinical diagnosis of IUGR and confirmed by ultrasonography were included in the study. The statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) 23.0 software. Results: Maternal risk factors like low pregnancy body mass index, preeclampsia, anaemia, hypothyroidism and placental factors like retro placental hemorrhage were mainly responsible for intrauterine growth restriction. Conclusions: The early identification of risk factors and management of the same antenatal is an important issue to prevent adverse prenatal outcomes associated with IUGR.

scholarly journals Pattern of drug utilization and factors influencing long term blood sugar control among diabetics in a tertiary care hospital- an observational study

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Raghu Prasada M. S. ◽  
Deepa Patil ◽  
Vishwanath B. M. ◽  
Shankar A. S. ◽  
Umakant N. Patil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Drug Utilization ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Adherence To Treatment ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Consultant Physician

Background: To study the Pattern of drug prescribing, utilization, analyse effectives of different therapies and factors influencing medication failure and adherence to treatment among diabetics.Methods: The clinical study was conducted in JJM Medical College and Karuna Trust, Davangere, Karnataka. The patients with diabetes as diagnosed by consultant physician were observed for the pattern of blood glucose control. The fasting blood glucose of the patients were recorded at the end of 1st month, 6th month and 12th month of their treatment period. The study period was from June 2012 till August 2014. The study was conducted after institutional ethical clearance and informed consent was taken from all the patients. The pattern of drugs prescribed for the patients were also analysed. The pattern of control among patients with co morbidities were also analysed using paired sample t test.Results: The results showed that the prescribed drugs were able to control the blood glucose levels of the patients. The percentage of patients with FBS in controlled, mild to moderate control and uncontrolled group were 21%, 33.3% and 45.5% in early treatment period and 36%, 40.9%, and 22.7% after one year treatment period (Significant p value). The pattern of drug utilization showed that the most commonly used drugs were the combination of pioglitazone+glimipride+metformin (19%), combination of glibenclamide+ metformin (18%), only insulin (9%), combination of glimipride+metformin (8%) and combination of gliclazide+metformin (5%).Conclusions: The results show that the intervention by the consultant physician was successful in controlling the blood sugar levels and the reasons for failure of treatment and adherence to treatment were helpful for further treatment of patients. Further such studies in a larger sample will help the consultants in their treatment methods.

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