scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Bibhava Vikramaditya ◽  
Mahesh Satija ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary ◽  
Sarit Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease in Ghana’s Northern Region A Cross-sectional Study of 4 Rural Districts using World Health Organization / International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) Risk Prediction Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Skerratt ◽  
Olivia G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ghana is experiencing an increase in cardiovascular (CVD) -related mortality with poor rural communities suffering greater complications and premature deaths. The point of this exploratory research is to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and to calculate the cardiovascular risk among adults aged > 40 years in Ghana’s Northern Region. A cross-sectional study was performed with 536 subjects. A pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and standardized WHO/ISH risk prediction charts assessed for 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular event according to age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus status. Low, moderate and high CVD prevalence risk in females was 88.4%, 7.1%, and 4.5% while in males the prevalence was 91.3%, 5.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Hypertension was noted as a clinically significant risk factor with females at 37.3% versus males at 32%. The 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was statistically significant for females according to age group. A moderate to high CVD risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was found in 10.4% of subjects. Notable CVD risk factors included a high prevalence of hypertension. Decentralizing care to local village healthcare facilities is one way to tackle cardiovascular risk reduction. Task shifting of primary care duties from physicians to nurses in terms of cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and management of uncomplicated CV risk factors is a potential solution to the acute shortage of trained health staffs for the control and prevention of CVD in Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals Concordance of Mother-Child (6–23 Months) Dietary Diversity and Its Associated Factors in Kucha District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Guja ◽  
Yabsira Melaku ◽  
Eshetu Andarge
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mothers And Children

Meeting minimum standards of dietary quality in mothers and children is a challenge in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal and child dietary diversity is associated, but little is known about the associated factors of concordance of mother-child dietary diversity in Ethiopia and none is documented in the study area. This study examines the concordance between mother-child (6–23 months) dyads dietary diversity and the associated factors in Kucha District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 791 mother-child (6–23 months) pairs from 11 selected kebeles on March 6 to April 13, 2017. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. The sampling frame was obtained from the family folder of health posts in each kebele. The mother-child pairs were selected by the simple random sampling method. The 7 food groups of the World Health Organization (WHO) for children and the 10 food groups of FANTA/FAO 2016 for mothers were used to analyze the dietary diversity. Cohen’s kappa statistics was calculated to see the strength of concordance. The multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to determine factors affecting mother-child dietary diversity concordance. A good concordance was noted between mother-child dietary diversity scores (Kappa = 0.43). Only 56 (7.1%) mothers were negative deviants, and 133 (16.8%) mothers were positive deviants in dietary diversity consumption. Rural residence (AOR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.90–6.41), having no formal education (AOR = 1.8; 95% CI: 1.08–3.05), not owning milking cow (AOR = 1.7; 95% CI: 1.10–2.56), children with low dietary diversity (AOR = 8.23; 95% CI: 5.17–13.08), and mothers with low dietary diversity (AOR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29–0.74) were found to be factors associated with mother-child dietary diversity concordance. An increase in the percentage of children reaching the minimum dietary diversity was greater with a successive increase in maternal dietary diversity. Despite interesting similarities between mothers and children dietary consumption, more than three-quarters of concordants did not achieve the recommended dietary diversity score (were low concordants). Interventions targeting on rural women’s access to high school education, home-based milking cow rearing, and promoting nutrition-sensitive agriculture to meet the dietary requirements of mothers and children in a sustainable manner and public health efforts to improve child nutrition may be strengthened by promoting maternal dietary diversity due to its potential effect on the entire family.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ullah ◽  
Suman Kumar Saha ◽  
Md Toufiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Abdul Karim ◽  
Rashid Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Secondary Hospital

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hypertension and Associated Factors in Dire Dawa City, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirbo Shore Roba ◽  
Addisu Shunu Beyene ◽  
Melkamu Merid Mengesha ◽  
Behailu Hawulte Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Dire Dawa ◽  
Study Setting

Background. Hypertension is a major cardiovascular risk factor that is linked with fatal complications and is an overwhelming global challenge. Primary prevention is a key to control hypertension with identification of major risk factors. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension. Methods. Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 903 adults aged 25 to 64 years in Dire Dawa City, East Ethiopia. Data were collected using World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS) for non-communicable disease (NCD) standard survey tool. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify relative effects of distal, proximal, and immediate risk factors of hypertension, and all statistical tests were declared significantly at P-value<0.05. Results. The average SBP and DBP were 124.98±17.18 mmHg and 78.92±10.13 mmHg, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was 24.43% (95% CI: 21.57, 27.28). Majority (51.64%) of adults were not aware of their elevated blood pressure status. hypertension was significantly associated with the age group 30-44 (aOR 3.61, 95% CI: 2.0, 6.55), 45-54 (aOR 5.36, 95% CI: 2.62, 10.91), and 55-64 (aOR 9.38, 95% CI: 4.73, 18.59), being unemployed (aOR 1.68, 95%CI: 1.03, 2.77), ever smoking (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04, 2.23), having abdominal obesity (aOR 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.64), and BMI≥25 kg/m2 (aOR 1.48, 95%CI: 1.01, 2.15). Conclusion. Moderately high prevalence of hypertension was observed among adults in study setting demonstrating a major public health problem. Majority of adults with hypertension in study setting were not aware of their elevated BP status highlighting the burden of the hidden morbidity and subsequent complications. Community level intervention and routine assessment of sociodemographic, behavioral, and biophysiological risk factors, screening, and diagnosis of NCDs should be institutionalized to address the occult burden.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension in adults in the Sumadija district, Serbia: A cross sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Marinkovic ◽  
Nevenka Ilic ◽  
Dragoljub Djokic ◽  
Vesna Andrejevic ◽  
Gordana Damjanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Cardiac Insufficiency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Continuous Increase

Background/Aim. World Health Organization (WHO) studies on the global level have shown that one of the major problems of the public health is hypertension. Blood pressure level greater than 140/90 mmHg is directly and predictively linked to other cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this research was to determine the prevalence of hypertension and the risk groups among the adult population in the Sumadija District, Serbia. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 1.669 elderly population of the Sumadija District, aged 25-74. The study was performed according to the protocol of the Country Wide Integrated Noncommunicable Disease Intervention (CINDI) international program. Results. In the Sumadija District more than a half of the population aged 25-74 suffers from hypertension (53%). In the Sumadija District 9% of population has undiagnosed hypertension. In the group of people familiar with their high blood pressure problems, good disease control is achieved in only 46% of them. Statistically, hypertension occurs more frequently in males aged 45-74, of lower education, and in rural population. This is the target group for implementation of the high risk strategy. Statistically, there is a higher prevalence of hypertension in people suffering from myocardial infarction (p = 0.04), angina pectoris (p = 0.00), other cardiac diseases (cardiac insufficiency) (p = 0.00) and cerebrovascular crises (p = 0.04). Conclusion. A continuous increase of patients with hypertension, coupled with the developed complications and increase in cardiovascular diseases as a cause of death, points to the lack of effective access to prevention and early detection of these diseases in the primary health care among the risk groups in Sumadija.

scholarly journals Assessment of cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients in an urban area of Kancheepuram district, India: a cross sectional study

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4098
Author(s):  
Mareeswaran N. ◽  
R. Umadevi ◽  
A. K. Savitha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem. Non communicable diseases like coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, obesity are increasing in number and overtakes the communicable diseases with respect to morbidity and mortality. Diabetic populations have a higher risk of developing CAD than the general population. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases among diabetic patients.Methods: This is a cross sectional study done among the urban adult population in Kancheepuram district. Sample size of 400 diabetic patients was studied by using consecutive sampling method. Data was collected by administering a pre tested structured questionnaire. Cardiovascular risk was assessed based on PROCAM scoring, a 10 years risk assessment score. The study was done for a period of three months from January to March 2018. Data analysis was done in SPSS software version 22.Results: Among the diabetic patients, 53.5% of them are in high risk category based on PROCAM score for developing cardiovascular disease. A statistical significant association was found between cardiovascular risk and factors like socioeconomic status and overweight/obesity.Conclusions: This study reveals that the diabetic populations are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Hence awareness about the risk should be created and appropriate intervention at early stages should be implemented at primary health care level. 

scholarly journals Disability and its prevalence and cause in northwestern Ethiopia: evidence from Dabat district of Amhara National Regional State: A community based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Mekonnen Abebe ◽  
Ansha Nega ◽  
Zemichel Gizaw ◽  
Mulugeta Bayisa ◽  
Solomon Fasika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surveillance System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
System Part

Abstract Background Disability is not just a factor of an individual’s physical condition; it develops through human interactions and reflects the social fabric of communities. Despite the fact that it directly affects 15% of Ethiopians, understanding and policy-relevant studies on disability and the conditions of persons with disabilities are lacking. The Dabat Demographic and Health Surveillance System part of the response to fill this gap. With significant drawbacks in the Surveillance System, this study aimed at assessing the prevalence, types and major causes of disability in Dabat district.Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed and covered 17,000 households residing in 13 Kebeles of Dabat district. The district is where DHSS collects health data semi-annually; but this study was designed and executed separately in 2018 utilizing robust tools (World Health Organization’s Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) used to collect comprehensive data on disability in the district. The data was organized and presented using frequencies and percentages in table and figures. Relevant variables were used to construct a logit model that predicts the likelihood of disability whereby P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results This study found that the overall prevalence of disability in Dabat district was 2.14% [95% CI: 2.03, 2.24]. About 8.3% of households reported at least one member with disability. Visual impairment was the most commonly reported impairment d51%) while 8.19% had multiple impairments. Eighty-three percent of immediate the causes of disability were modifiable – specifically, illness (36.93%), injury (17.81%), and congenital (10.86%). The aged [AOR=1.0; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.04], those unable to read or write illiterate [AOR=1.57; 1.15,2.14], the unmarried/single [AOR=1.39; 95% CI: 185,2.47] and the separated [AOR=2.78; 95% CI: 4.14,6.19] were more likely to risk disability in the population.Conclusion This study reported an increased likelihood of impairment among those with advanced ages. The proportion of households with PwDs was also high. While most disabilities were visual, there were significant numbers with mobility impairments and hard of hearing. Most school-age PwDs did not complete secondary education, while employment was significantly limited. The findings indicated that most causes of disability were reversible.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: A Comparison of the Framingham, PROCAM, and DAD Equations in HIV-Infected Persons

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Weyler Nery ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi Martelli ◽  
Erika Aparecida Silveira ◽  
Clarissa Alencar de Sousa ◽  
Marianne de Oliveira Falco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Low Hdl

This study aims to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to assess the agreement between the Framingham, Framingham with aggravating factors, PROCAM, and DAD equations in HIV-infected patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient centre in Brazil. 294 patients older than 19 years were enrolled. Estimates of 10-year cardiovascular risk were calculated. The agreement between the CVD risk equations was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The participants' mean age was 36.8 years (SD = 10.3), 76.9% were men, and 66.3% were on antiretroviral therapy. 47.8% of the participants had abdominal obesity, 23.1% were current smokers, 20.0% had hypertension, and 2.0% had diabetes. At least one lipid abnormality was detected in 72.8%, and a low HDL-C level was the most common. The majority were classified as having low risk for CV events. The percentage of patients at high risk ranged from 0.4 to 5.7. The PROCAM score placed the lowest proportion of the patients into a high-risk group, and the Framingham equation with aggravating factors placed the highest proportion of patients into the high-risk group. Data concerning the comparability of different tools are informative for estimating the risk of CVD, but accuracy of the outcome predictions should also be considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document