scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Assessment: A Comparison of the Framingham, PROCAM, and DAD Equations in HIV-Infected Persons

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Weyler Nery ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi Martelli ◽  
Erika Aparecida Silveira ◽  
Clarissa Alencar de Sousa ◽  
Marianne de Oliveira Falco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Data ◽  
Low Hdl

This study aims to estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and to assess the agreement between the Framingham, Framingham with aggravating factors, PROCAM, and DAD equations in HIV-infected patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in an outpatient centre in Brazil. 294 patients older than 19 years were enrolled. Estimates of 10-year cardiovascular risk were calculated. The agreement between the CVD risk equations was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficient. The participants' mean age was 36.8 years (SD = 10.3), 76.9% were men, and 66.3% were on antiretroviral therapy. 47.8% of the participants had abdominal obesity, 23.1% were current smokers, 20.0% had hypertension, and 2.0% had diabetes. At least one lipid abnormality was detected in 72.8%, and a low HDL-C level was the most common. The majority were classified as having low risk for CV events. The percentage of patients at high risk ranged from 0.4 to 5.7. The PROCAM score placed the lowest proportion of the patients into a high-risk group, and the Framingham equation with aggravating factors placed the highest proportion of patients into the high-risk group. Data concerning the comparability of different tools are informative for estimating the risk of CVD, but accuracy of the outcome predictions should also be considered.

scholarly journals Can doctors and patients correctly estimate cardiovascular risk? A cross-sectional study in primary care

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e017711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su May Liew ◽  
Wai Khew Lee ◽  
Ee Ming Khoo ◽  
Irmi Zarina Ismail ◽  
Subashini Ambigapathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated

ObjectiveAccurate cardiovascular risk estimations by patients and doctors are important as these affect health behaviour and medical decision making. We aimed to determine if doctors and patients were accurately estimating the absolute cardiovascular risk of patients in primary care.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in primary care clinics in Malaysia in 2014. Patients aged 35 years and above without known cardiovascular disease (CVDs) were included. Face-to-face interviews with a structured questionnaire were used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data as well as patients’ perception and doctors’ estimate of the patients’ CVD risk. Associations were tested using χ2, correlation and independent t-tests.ResultsWe recruited 1094 patients and 57 doctors. Using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) alone, 508 patients (46.4%) were in the high-risk group. When diabetes was included as high risk, the number increased to 776 (70.9%). Only 34.4% of patients and 55.7% of doctors correctly estimated the patient’s CVD risk in comparison with the reference FRS.Of the high-risk patients, 664 (85.6%) underestimated their CV risk. Factors associated with underestimation by patients included not having family history of CVD (adjusted OR (AOR): 2.705, 95% CI 1.538 to 4.757), smaller waist circumference (AOR: 0.979,95% CI 0.960 to 0.999) and ethnicity in comparison with the Malay as reference group (indigenous/others: AOR: 0.129, 95% CI 0.071 to 0.235). Doctors underestimated risk in 59.8% of the high-risk group. Factors associated with underestimation by doctors were patients factors such as being female (AOR: 2.232, 95% CI 1.460 to 3.410), younger age (AOR: 0.908, 95% CI 0.886 to 0.930), non-hypertensive (AOR: 1.731, 95% CI 1.067 to 2.808), non-diabetic (AOR: 1.931, 95% CI 1.114 to 3.348), higher high-density lipoprotein levels (AOR: 3.546, 95% CI 2.025 to 6.209), lower systolic blood pressure (AOR: 0.970, 95% CI 0.957 to 0.982), non-smoker (AOR: 2.246, 95% CI 1.354 to 3.726) and ethnicity in comparison with the Malay as reference group (Indian: AOR: 0.430, 95% CI 0.257 to 0.720; indigenous/others: AOR: 2.498, 95% CI 1.346 to 4.636).ConclusionsThe majority of consultations occurring between doctors and patients are being informed by inaccurate cardiovascular risk estimation.

Assessment of the Cardiovascular Risk of Persons with Hypertension and Diabetes Attending Clinics and Hypertension/Health Club Meetings in the AMIGA Municipalities of Cavite, Philippines using WHO/ISH Risk Prediction Charts

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Paterno
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Club

Objectives. This study aims to (1) determine the cardiovascular risk of persons with hypertension and diabetesattending hypertension/diabetic clinics or hypertension/health club meetings in the AMIGA (Alfonso, Mendez,Indang, General Emilio Aguinaldo and Amadeo) municipalities of Cavite; (2) suggest measures to improve thecardiovascular disease (CVD) program in these municipalities using the results of the study. Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed on patients diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes whoare attending clinics or club meetings in the barangays of the five AMIGA municipalities of Cavite. Participantswere interviewed using an abbreviated version of the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS questionnaireon risk factors. The participants’ anthropometric measurements were obtained and their total blood cholesterollevels determined. CVD risk was then estimated using the WHO / International Society of Hypertension (ISH) riskprediction chart for the Western Pacific Region B. Results. 1,032 participants from 27 barangays qualified for the study. Participants were predominantly female(74%); over-all mean age was 58.43 years. Majority of the participants (79.17%) were found to be in the low-riskgroup; 11.34% were in the moderate risk group; 4.46% were in the high-risk group; while 5.05% were in the veryhigh-risk group. Majority of the participants were also found to be obese. Mean total cholesterol was 207.02 mg/dl. Conclusion. Majority of participants were stratified in the low-risk category (<10% chance to have cardiovascularevents in the next 10 years), while 9.5% were in the high-risk category (≥20% risk). Obesity is a major risk factorthat could be addressed in this population.

scholarly journals Comparative risk assessment for the development of cardiovascular diseases in the Hungarian general and Roma population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Piko ◽  
Zsigmond Kosa ◽  
Janos Sandor ◽  
Roza Adany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Roma Population

AbstractCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, and the early identification of high risk is crucial to prevent the disease and to reduce healthcare costs. Short life expectancy and increased mortality among the Roma are generally accepted (although not indeed proven by mortality analyses) which can be partially explained by the high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among them. This study aims to elaborate on the prevalence of the most important CVD risk factors, assess the estimation of a 10-year risk of development of fatal and nonfatal CVDs based on the most used risk assessment scoring models, and to compare the Hungarian general (HG) and Roma (HR) populations. In 2018 a complex health survey was accomplished on the HG (n = 380) and HR (n = 347) populations. The prevalence of CVRS was defined and 10-year cardiovascular risk was estimated for both study populations using the following systems: Framingham Risk Score for hard coronary heart disease (FRSCHD) and for cardiovascular disease (FRSCVD), Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), ACC/AHA Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) and Revised Pooled Cohort Equations (RPCE). After the risk scores had been calculated, the populations were divided into risk categories and all subjects were classified. For all CVD risk estimation scores, the average of the estimated risk was higher among Roma compared to the HG independently of the gender. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma males population was on average 1.5–3 times higher than in the general one. Among Roma females, the average risk value was higher than in the HG one. The proportion of high-risk group in the Hungarian Roma females population was on average 2–3 times higher compared to the distribution of females in the general population. Our results show that both genders in the Hungarian Roma population have a significantly higher risk for a 10-year development of cardiovascular diseases and dying from them compared to the HG one. Therefore, cardiovascular interventions should be focusing not only on reducing smoking among Roma but on improving health literacy and service provision regarding prevention, early recognition, and treatment of lipid disorders and diabetes among them.

scholarly journals Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Carfilzomib: Development and Validation of a Risk Score for Cardiovascular Adverse Events Prediction

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1631
Author(s):  
Anna Astarita ◽  
Giulia Mingrone ◽  
Lorenzo Airale ◽  
Fabrizio Vallelonga ◽  
Michele Covella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) are linked to Carfilzomib (CFZ) therapy in multiple myeloma (MM); however, no validated protocols on cardiovascular risk assessment are available. In this prospective study, the effectiveness of the European Myeloma Network protocol (EMN) in cardiovascular risk assessment was investigated, identifying major predictors of CVAEs. From January 2015 to March 2020, 116 MM patients who had indication for CFZ therapy underwent a baseline evaluation (including blood pressure measurements, echocardiography and arterial stiffness estimation) and were prospectively followed. The median age was 64.53 ± 8.42 years old, 56% male. Five baseline independent predictors of CVAEs were identified: office systolic blood pressure, 24-h blood pressure variability, left ventricular hypertrophy, pulse wave velocity value and global longitudinal strain. The resulting ‘CVAEs risk score’ distinguished a low- and a high-risk group, obtaining a negative predicting value for the high-risk group of 90%. 52 patients (44.9%) experienced one or more CVAEs: 17 (14.7%) had major and 45 (38.7%) had hypertension-related events. In conclusion, CVAEs are frequent and a specific management protocol is crucial. The EMN protocol and the risk score proved to be useful to estimate the baseline risk for CVAEs during CFZ therapy, allowing the identification of higher-risk patients.

scholarly journals A community based cross sectional study to estimate total cardiovascular risk in rural Punjab

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Bibhava Vikramaditya ◽  
Mahesh Satija ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary ◽  
Sarit Sharma ◽  
Sangeeta Girdhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading cause of non communicable deaths in India. CVD risk prediction charts by World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) are designed for implementing timely preventive measures. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of CVD risk parameters and to estimate total CVD risk among adults aged ≥40 years, using the WHO/ISH risk charts alone and also to assess the effect of the inclusion of additional criteria on CVD risk.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in fifteen villages of Ludhiana district under rural health training centre of Department of Community Medicine, Dayanand Medical College & Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab. Desired information was obtained using WHO STEPS survey (STEP wise approach to surveillance) from 324 adults aged ≥40 years. Anthropometric, clinical and laboratory measurements were also performed. WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for South East Asian region (SEAR-D) was used to assess the cardiovascular risk among the subjects.Results: WHO/ISH risk prediction charts identified 16.0% of the subjects with high risk (≥20%) of developing a cardiovascular event. The study population showed higher prevalence of physical inactivity, obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension and diabetes. Amongst high risk CVD group, maximum prevalence was of hypertension and high perceived stress level. However, the proportion of high CVD risk (≥20%) increased to 33.6% when subjects with blood pressure ≥160/100 mmHg and /or on hypertension medication were added as high risk.Conclusions: A substantial proportion of this community is at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

HIV PREVALENCE AND SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF MAN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MAN (MSM) IN KHANH HOA PROVINCE 2010

2012 ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
That Toan Ton ◽  
Xuan Chuong Tran
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sex With Men

Man who have sex with man (MSM) group is a high risk group of HIV infection. There are very rare studies about HIV infection in this group. Objectives: 1. Determine the rate of HIV infection in MSM in Khanh Hoa province 2010. 2. Study some characteristics of MSM in Khanh Hoa province. Materials and Methods: MSM over 16 yrs. live in Khanh Hoa. Cross-sectional study from June 2010 to June 2011. Results: 1. HIV infection in MSM group in Khanh Hoa 2010: 1.3% (rural 0.6%, urban: 3.7%). Marriaged: 3.9%, single: 0.8%; MSM have sex only with men: 0.3%, MSM have sex with men and women: 3.7%. 2. 83.3% of MSM are single (urban more common than rural). The first sex partner: male 82.2%, female 14.9%. Having sex for pay: urban 29.9%, rural 19.3%. Having sex for enjoying: urban 49.5%, rural 71.8%. Conclusions: HIV infection in MSM group in Khanh Hoa 2010: 1.3% (rural 0.6%, urban: 3.7%). Marriaged: 3.9%, single: 0.8%. 83.3% of MSM are single (urban more common than rural). Having sex for enjoying: urban 49.5%, rural 71.8%.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Symptomatic Individuals Is Higher than in Persons Who Are at Increased Risk Exposure: The Results of the Single-Center, Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Alexandr Zurochka ◽  
Maria Dobrinina ◽  
Vladimir Zurochka ◽  
Desheng Hu ◽  
Alexandr Solovyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
Symptomatic Group ◽  
Increased Risk

The present study aimed to assess antibody seropositivity prevalence among symptomatic individuals and individuals with a high risk of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Participants from Chelyabinsk (Russian Federation) who were at an increased risk of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (high-risk group, n = 1091) and participants who either had symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or were suspected to have experienced COVID-19 in the past (symptomatic group, n = 692) were enrolled between 28 September and 30 December 2020. Blood samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay D-5501 SARS-Cov-2-IgG-EIA-BEST and D-5502 SARS-Cov-2-IgM-EIA-BEST (AO Vector-Best, Novosibirsk, Russia). The overall seropositivity rate was 28.33–28.53%. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 17.23% (adjusted prevalence of 17.17–17.29%) of participants in the high-risk and 45.95% (adjusted prevalence of 45.91–46.24%) in the symptomatic group. Higher IgG and IgM titers were observed in women compared to men, as well as in participants in the symptomatic group compared to those in the high-risk group. The results indicate that the seroprevalence among residents in several Russian regions is low (28.38%) and inadequate to provide herd immunity. The lower seroprevalence among participants in the high-risk group may be attributed to the enforcement of healthcare protocols and the use of adequate personal protective equipment.

scholarly journals Serological Profile of Syphilis in Patients Attending the STI / RTI Clinic at Government General Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh – A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Suneetha Devi Chappidi v ◽  
Sowmya Srirama ◽  
Syam Sundar Junapudi
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

BACKGROUND Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are ancient and are as old as human existence. They are closely interlinked with the human sexual behaviour. Syphilis well known for its systemic complications in the pre-antibiotic era is described as the ‘great imitator’ by Sir William Osler, the father of modern medicine. In the present era of human immuno deficiency virus disease / acquired immuno deficiency syndrome, STI control has been made as first priority, because of their close association and interaction. Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum is diagnosed most often on clinical suspicion supplemented by laboratory diagnosis, where serological tests for syphilis play a key role / main role. METHODS This study is a hospital based cross sectional study that consisted of 416 cases among which, 276 were females, 140 were males who had attended the STI / RTI clinic. The study period was from July 2011 to September 2012. Blood samples were drawn from all the patients (who were willing to be included in the study) attending the RTI / STI clinic, GGH, Guntur after taking consent. All the sera were tested by rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test and the sera was screened simultaneously for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Those sera which were tested reactive for RPR were further tested in dilutions to know the titres. Later the sera tested reactive for RPR were further tested by a specific test, Treponema pallidum haemagglutination (TPHA). RESULTS Of the total 19 (4.56 %) persons tested reactive for RPR, males were 10 (7.14 %), females were 9 (3.26 %), and these were further tested for TPHA. Of the 19 tested for TPHA, a total of 16 (84.21 %) were positive for TPHA of which males were 9 (90 %) and females were 7 (77.78 %). Among the 16 patients, positive for serological test for syphilis (STS), 13 (81.25 %) fall in the age group of 21 - 40, 2 (12.50 %) in the age group of ≤ 20, and 1 (6.25 %) is above 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS In this study it was seen that out of the 16 syphilis cases, 9 were HIV reactive, 3 were non-reactive for HIV and 4 were of unknown status, showing that the rate was more among the HIV reactive group. The prevalence rate of syphilis among the 66 tested patients belonging to the high-risk group was 6.06 % and in nonhigh-risk group was 3.12 %, showing that it was more in people belonging to high risk group. KEYWORDS Serological Profile, Syphilis, Treponema pallidum, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI), People Living with HIV / AIDS (PHLA)

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea in General Surgery Patients: Is Screening Required Preoperatively?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-98
Author(s):  
Osama Ahmed ◽  
◽  
Zahid Habib ◽  
Sheeraz Ur Rahman ◽  
Arshad Beg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
High Risk ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract: Aim: To screen cases who are at high risk and low risk for obstructive sleep apnea in general surgery patients. Materials & Methods: It is a cross-sectional study. It was done in Liaquat National Hospital from January 2019 to June 2019. After institutional approval, 335 patients were included in this study, who presented to general surgery OPD. STOP-BANG questionnaire was used to screen cases who are at high risk and low risk for obstructive sleep apnea in general surgery patients. Results: 335 patients were screened and 38.5% of individuals in population had age of more than 50 years. In this population 149(44.5%) of patients were male. Out of 335 patients, 135(40.3%) of them were found to have high risk of obstructive sleep apnea while the remaining 199(59.7%) were classified in low risk group. All of the parameters of STOP-bang questionnaire including age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.026), BMI (p<0.001), snoring (p<0.001), tiredness (p<0.001), sleep apnea (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and neck circumference (p<0.001) were significantly different between high risk and low risk patients. Conclusion: This study can provide a catalyst for more meticulous screening for OSA preoperatively to diagnose high risk group. Keywords: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Care, Preoperative, Surgery, General, Operative Procedures.

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