scholarly journals An epidemiological study to find out the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in a rural population of Kashmir valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Anjum Bashir Fazili ◽  
Rohul Jabeen Shah ◽  
Zaffar Amin Shah ◽  
Qazi Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
Beenish Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Background: Hepatitis B continues to pose a tremendous burden of disease with approximately 240 million people having chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally. The prevalence of HBV infection varies widely, with rates ranging from 0.1% to 20% in different parts of the world.Methods: This Community based Cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one year (2015-2016) in bock Hajin of Kashmir to find out the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and various risk factors associated with it.1861 subjects consented and participated in the study. A semi structured, pre tested, self-designed questionnaire was used to gather requisite information. Both screening as well as confirmatory tests were used to find out the seroprevalence of HBsAg in the study population.Results: Out of 1861 participants, 65.1% were females and 34.9% were males. All study participants were Muslims with 64.4% belonging to Sunni sec. 67.3% belonged to age group 10-40 years. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the study population was 0.9%. Gender, occupation, education and treatment by quacks were significantly associated with seropositivity. Only 76 (4.1%) of the participants had some knowledge about hepatitis B.Conclusions: The study reveals that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B is very low in the study population. It also reflects a low awareness level of population regarding hepatitis B infection thus demanding timely intervention in the form of awareness campaigns to keep transmission under check.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Rwandan high-risk groups: unexpected findings on prevalence and its determinants

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e054039
Author(s):  
Justine Umutesi ◽  
Carolina Klett-Tammen ◽  
Sabin Nsanzimana ◽  
G Krause ◽  
J J Ott
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

ObjectivesUsing secondary data from 208 079 Rwandans, we determined the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among high-risk groups and its demographic, geographical and health-related determinants.DesignIn this cross-sectional study, we obtained and analysed data from a national hepatitis B vaccination and screening campaign conducted in Rwanda in 2017. We performed logistic regression to examine associations between chronic HBV infection and related factors such as risk status and geographical characteristics.SettingIndividuals were sampled nationally in all 30 districts across 4 provinces and the city of Kigali and all prisons in Rwanda.ParticipantsThe study involves 208 079 individuals at high risk including prisoners and other high-risk groups (oHRG).Main outcomeThe primary outcome for our study was hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) prevalence.FindingsFrom 208 079 adults participants, 206 517 (99.2%) had valid HBsAg results, 4.3% of 64 944 prisoners and 4.0% of 140 985 oHRG were HBV positive. The prevalence was higher in Northern Province 5.1%, (95% CI 4.8 to 5.4). In multivariate analysis, the odds of infection decreased with increasing age, and hepatitis C antibody positivity reduced the odds for chronic HBV (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.66 and OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.89 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively). In addition, being female was associated with lower odds of HBV (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.74 and OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.98 among oHRG and prisoners, respectively).ConclusionWe found that individuals below 55 years of age and individuals who belong to high-risk groups (ie, sex workers, injection drug users, men who have sex with men, etc) have a higher probability of chronic HBV infection. Infection with chronic hepatitis C virus was not correlated with chronic HBV infection in our study population. Potential explanations include differential routes of transmission, specific immunological and pathophysiological factors or different effects of health prevention and control programmes.

scholarly journals Clinical Value of Plasma Secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 in the Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Cheng ◽  
Zhe Zhu ◽  
Shuyuan Ye ◽  
Junfeng Chen ◽  
Xunjun Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hbv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Chronic Hbv

Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) is elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, suggesting that it can be served as a candidate marker for diagnosing HCC. However, little is known about its role in the different stages of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Objectives: This study was conducted to explore the clinical value of plasma sFRP4 in the different stages of chronic HBV infection. Methods: A total of 303 patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. They were classified into the chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), HCC, and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) groups on admission. Additionally, 30 healthy subjects were included in the healthy control (HC) group. The clinical value of plasma sFRP4 in the different stages of chronic HBV infection was analyzed. Results: There were 54, 85, 105, 59, and 30 cases in the CHB, LC, HCC, ACLF, and HC groups, respectively. ACLF group had the highest plasma sFRP4 levels compared to the CHB, LC, and HCC groups (all P < 0.001), followed by the HCC and LC groups. LC and HCC groups were found with up-regulated sFRP4 than the CHB group (all P < 0.05). High levels of plasma sFRP4 were recognized as an independent risk factor for distinguishing patients with ACLF from patients with CHB and LC [adjusted odds ratio (OR):1.005, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.000 - 1.010, P = 0.043], with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.790 (95% CI: 0.726 - 0.844, P < 0.001). However, in patients with ACLF, plasma sFRP4 levels in the deteriorated group were higher than in the improved group, with a marginally significant difference (P = 0.071). The AUC for predicting the 90 days prognosis in patients with ACLF was 0.640 (P = 0.064). Conclusions: Plasma sFRP4 might be a biomarker to reflect the progression of chronic HBV infection. However, it was not significantly related to the prognosis in patients with ACLF; we did not find this, which may be due to the small sample size.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and determinants of hepatitis B viral status in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in an urban community of Oyo state, South-West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4139
Author(s):  
Ajibola Idowu ◽  
Oluseyi Kikelomo Israel ◽  
Olatayo Ayodele Aremu ◽  
Adebowale Femi Akinwumi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Hbsag Positivity ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Study Population

Background: The burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is assuming an epidemic proportion globally, causing grave hepatic and other complications. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main ways of acquiring the disease. It is thus incumbent on researchers to delve more into the epidemiology of HBV. The objectives of this study is to assess respondents’ knowledge on HBV, estimated the burden of the disease among pregnant women attending antennal clinics in Ogbomoso, Nigeria and identified significant determinants of HBV positive status of the participants.Methods: This facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 168 pregnant women recruited using systematic random technique. Pretested interviewer-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out.Results: Mean age of the respondents was 34±10 years, 90.5% of the respondents were 20-40 years old. HBV awareness level among the respondents was 51.8% and more than half (59.5%) of them possessed poor knowledge of the virus. Twelve percent (12.0%) of the respondents were seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Significant determinants of HBsAg positivity were; Level of education (AOR=0.11, CI=1.56-3.47), Socio-economic class (AOR=3.23, CI=1.48-3.02) and family type (AOR=4.51, CI=0.19-0.35).Conclusions: The burden of HBV was high among pregnant women in the study population. Awareness and knowledge of the respondent was low. Authors recommend aggressive awareness campaigns on the disease. Improving the socio-economic conditions of women will go a long way in reducing the scourge of this dreadful disease in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Risk perception and knowledge of hepatitis B infection among cleaners in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olumide Abiodun ◽  
Olusola Shobowale ◽  
Charles Elikwu ◽  
Daniel Ogbaro ◽  
Adebola Omotosho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis in Differentiating Active and Inactive Forms of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Salah Tofik Jalal Balaky ◽  
Saeed Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Amer Ali Khaleel ◽  
Furat Tahseen Sabeer ◽  
Ahang Hasan Mawlood
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acid Test

Background & objectives: Introducing a nucleic acid test program is aimed to diagnose and reduces the risk of viral infection or transmission. DNA assay for HBV can detect infection in the windows period, chronic occult infection and can discriminate between active and inactive HBV infection. This cross-sectional study designed to diagnose, analyze HBV infection and to differentiate active from inactive infection based on viral DNA detection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 256 patients previously diagnosed on the clinical ground as hepatitis B seropositive in Erbil Central Lab. The viral nucleic acid quantitative assessment was done for the collected samples using RT-PCR. Q-square was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 256 collected blood samples 93 (36.3%) showed HBV-DNA positive titers above 50 IU/ml. Among positive subjects, 67 (72.04%) was categorized as inactive carriers (˂ 2000-20.000 IU/ml HBV-DNA titers). Conclusions: The data produced from this study confirmed the importance of the RT-PCR technique in sensitivity and reliability as a superior diagnostics tool specifically in differentiating active from inactive HBV carriers.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽  
Paul Armah Aryee ◽  
Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽  
Anthony Wemakor ◽  
David Kolbila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis B infection markers in Lebanese children: the need for an expanded programme on immunization

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. NABULSI ◽  
G. F. ARAJ ◽  
I. NUWAYHID ◽  
M. RAMADAN ◽  
M. ARISS
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Family Characteristics ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Lebanon ◽  
Infection Markers

This multi-centre, cross-sectional study was designed to reveal the present status of hepatitis B infection markers among Lebanese children, and provide recommendations regarding childhood immunization policies. A total of 841 children, aged between 6 months and 6·5 years, were enrolled from Lebanon's five districts. Their sera were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B core IgG. The overall prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection markers was 0·8 % with increasing age-specific rates from 0 % at 6 months to 1·3 % at > 5 years. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of hepatitis B markers and family characteristics or risk factors for infection. The highest prevalence rates were among children from Beirut suburbs (2·9 %) and South Lebanon (1·6 %). The risk of horizontal transmission of hepatitis B to uninfected children increased substantially after the age of 2 years. An expanded programme on immunization that integrates hepatitis B vaccine during the first year of life is needed.

scholarly journals A-V Fistula Blood Flow and Complications: A One Year Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Tania Mahbub ◽  
Md. Nizamuddin Chowdhury ◽  
Ferdous Jahan ◽  
Aparna Das ◽  
Md. Motlabur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Visualization Technique ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year ◽  
Venous Fistula

Background: Worldwide haemodialysis(HD) is the mostly used method of renal replacement therapy. Arteriovenous fistula use is on rise due to Fistula First Initiative due to least complications of fistulae than catheters.But they are also subjected to many complications. Thereby appropriate surveillance of the fistulae is important.Objectives: To measure the blood flow as well as fistula related complications in study population. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study, conducted in the department of Nephrology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during September 2010 to December 2011.Total 118 subjects were included in the study. Besides visualization technique colour Doppler ultrasonogram of fistula and  echocardiography were performed for each patients. Results: Most of the patients had adequate fistula flow. Aneurysm was most common complication. Many subjects were suffered from primary and secondary fistula failure. Conclusion: Arterio-Venous fistula is subjected to many complications and appropriate surveillance should be launched to detect complications and to prevent fistula failure.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jom.v15i2.20681 J MEDICINE 2014; 15 : 110-113

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