scholarly journals Molecular Diagnosis in Differentiating Active and Inactive Forms of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Salah Tofik Jalal Balaky ◽  
Saeed Ghulam Hussain ◽  
Amer Ali Khaleel ◽  
Furat Tahseen Sabeer ◽  
Ahang Hasan Mawlood
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Acid Test

Background & objectives: Introducing a nucleic acid test program is aimed to diagnose and reduces the risk of viral infection or transmission. DNA assay for HBV can detect infection in the windows period, chronic occult infection and can discriminate between active and inactive HBV infection. This cross-sectional study designed to diagnose, analyze HBV infection and to differentiate active from inactive infection based on viral DNA detection. Methods: Blood samples were collected from 256 patients previously diagnosed on the clinical ground as hepatitis B seropositive in Erbil Central Lab. The viral nucleic acid quantitative assessment was done for the collected samples using RT-PCR. Q-square was performed for statistical analysis. Results: Out of 256 collected blood samples 93 (36.3%) showed HBV-DNA positive titers above 50 IU/ml. Among positive subjects, 67 (72.04%) was categorized as inactive carriers (˂ 2000-20.000 IU/ml HBV-DNA titers). Conclusions: The data produced from this study confirmed the importance of the RT-PCR technique in sensitivity and reliability as a superior diagnostics tool specifically in differentiating active from inactive HBV carriers.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Malaria and Hepatitis B Coinfection among Pregnant Women in Tamale Metropolis of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Kofi Helegbe ◽  
Paul Armah Aryee ◽  
Baba Sulemana Mohammed ◽  
Anthony Wemakor ◽  
David Kolbila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tamale Metropolis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

Background. Coinfections are becoming common risk factors that may contribute to the increased burden of morbidity in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of coinfections of malaria, hepatitis B (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) in the Tamale Metropolis. Methods. By means of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), pregnant women attending the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) were screened for malaria, HBV infection, HIV infection, and syphilis from March 2013 to February 2015. Haemoglobin (Hb) values, sickling, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDd) statuses were also assessed using full blood count (FBC), sodium metabisulphite, and methaemoglobin reduction tests, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risks/odds ratios (ORs) for the coinfections and other variables (age, gravidity, and time of the first ANC visit) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and set p values for accepting any differences at <0.05. Results. Within the two-year study period, data were collected from 3,127 pregnant women. The mean age (SD) of the pregnant women was 28.5 (±5.0) years. Of the total number, seroprevalence was high for malaria (11.6%) and HBV infection (4.2%) and low for HIV infection (1.0%) and syphilis (0.4%) monoinfections. Mal/HBV coinfection was higher (0.7%) when compared with Mal/HIV (0.1%), Mal/syphilis (0.0%), HBV/HIV (0.0%), HBV/syphilis (0.1%), and HIV/syphilis (0.0%) coinfections. The mean Hb (g/dl) for the women with the four monoinfections was significantly different from one another (p=0.009). Pregnant women with malaria infection were about 2 times more likely to be coinfected with HBV even after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.04–2.65, p=0.031). Those in their third trimester and visiting the ANC for the first time were significantly less likely to be infected with HBV (AOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.28–0.73, p=0.001), with malaria/HBV coinfection (AOR = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.01–0.68, p=0.020), and with any coinfection (AOR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.06–0.63, p=0.007). Conclusion. A comparatively high seroprevalence of malaria and its coinfection with HBV in pregnant women was observed in this study. Considering the effects that both malaria and HBV have on the liver, it would be expedient to conduct further studies to assess liver function among malaria/HBV-infected individuals, while interventions to prevent coinfections among pregnant women are intensified.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among Blood Donors at Dharan, Sunsari, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Sabina Rai ◽  
Pranita Dongol ◽  
Hemanta Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Donated Blood

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are the chronic viral infection that might be transmitted by blood transfusion. Nepal is known to have lowest seroprevalence in Asia. The main objective of the present study is to find out the prevalence of hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and their co-infection among blood donors during study period from March to August 2014. This was a cross sectional study among volunteer blood donors in Dharan who had donated the Blood. A total of 4930 donated blood samples were collected and screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C by using a rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) technique. Among 4930 blood samples under study, the overall seroprevalence of hepatitis B were 0.22% (11 out of 4930) and hepatitis C were 0.39% (19 out of 4930) (P value = 0.01) and the prevalence being lower in females than males for both cases. Hepatitis B were more in age group of 21 -30 (0.4%) but hepatitis C in age group of 31-40 (0.5%). Hepatitis B and C are potential threats to be transmitted from unscreened blood.Sunsari Technical College Journal 2015, 2(1):13-16

scholarly journals Preventive Practice on Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Dentists in Selected Hospitals at Dhaka City, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Faisal Solaiman ◽  
Shamim Ahmed ◽  
Syeda Mahmuda Akhter ◽  
Arup Kumar Saha ◽  
Helal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Surgery ◽  
Preventive Practice ◽  
B Virus ◽  
High Level

Aims: The study was carried out among 120 dentists working in the selected hospitals of Dhaka city to find out the preventive practice on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Methods: A descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out involving 120 dentists working in the selected hospitals of Dhaka city from December 2011 to March 2012 to quantify the preventive practice on HBV infection through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results were analyzed by using the software SPSS 16.0 version (Chicago). Then analyzed data were presented according to the variables of the study showing percentage relationship between variables using appropriate statistical method.Results: Mean age of the dentists was 26.43±6.29 (range, 25-45) years where 74.17% were male and 25.83% were female. Among 120 respondents, 20.83% obtained BDS degree along with a postgraduate training (PGT) in any of the respective fields of dentistry. Others obtained MS in dentistry (21.67%), MPH in dentistry (10.83%), PhD in dentistry (9.17%), DDS in dental surgery (10%) and FCPS in dentistry (6.67%). Academic positions of the respondents were 33.33%, assistant professors, 26.67% associate professors, 19.17% medical officers, and 17.5% were lecturers. Majority (93.3%) dentists knew about HBV transmission, prevention, symptoms, risks, and concurrences. Out of them, 87.5% reported having been tested for HBV which was associated with their designations (p=0.013) and more than 75% reported having been vaccinated against HBV. Conclusions: A high level of knowledge and attitude towards practice in the prevention of HBV was found to be very good among the dentists of Dhaka city though seemed it was not always possible to take precaution for handling emergency patients. Further broad scale studies would be needed to have decisive results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cdcj.v10i1.13831 City Dent. Coll. J Volume-10, Number-1, January-2013

scholarly journals Prevalence and co-infection of schistosomiasis/hepatitis B among rural populations in endemic areas in Hubei, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yupeng Zhang ◽  
Yaofei Xie ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
Xuyu Chen ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Aged People ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Endemic Areas

Abstract Background Both hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and schistosomiasis are important public health problems in China. Concurrent infection between HBV and schistosomiasis is often observed in areas where schistosomiasis is endemic. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis and HBV in schistosomiasis-affected areas, to explore whether schistosomiasis patients are more susceptible to HBV and to determine if the prevalence of HBV in high-endemic areas of schistosomiasis is higher than in low-endemic areas. Methods A total of 6526 participants from 13 villages in Hubei province were included in a cross-sectional study and blood samples were collected and examined. Qualitative variables were compared between groups using Pearson’s chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Results Of the 6526 participants, the overall prevalence was 8.27% for schistosomiasis and 2.67% for HBV. The prevalence of hepatitis B among participants who were Schistosoma antibody positive (25.37%) was higher than the prevalence in participants who were Schistosoma antibody negative (0.62%; χ2=1169.358, p&lt;0.001, odds ratio 54.659). We also observed that there was no difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B between males and females in areas where schistosomiasis was endemic (χ2=1.827, p=0.177), but the prevalence of hepatitis B in middle-aged people was higher than in other age groups (χ2=47.877, p&lt;0.001). Conclusions There was an association between schistosomiasis and HBV infection. However, more work is needed to find the causal relationship between schistosomiasis and HBV infection.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B seroprotection in children aged 10-15 years after completion of basic hepatitis B immunizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Novie Homenta Rampengan ◽  
Sri Rezeki Hadinegoro ◽  
Mulya Rahma Karyanti
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Stratified Random Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Surface Antibody

Background The prevalence of hepatitis B viral (HBV) infection in Indonesia is high. The most effective way to control HBV infection is by hepatitis B (HB) immunization. Many studies reported that hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) seroprotection declines in children > 10 years of age. In addition many factors can influence anti-HBs titer.Objective To measure anti-HBs titer and evaluate possible factors associated with anti-HBs titer.Methods This cross sectional  study was conducted in children 10-15 years of age from ten schools at Tuminting District, Manado, North Sulawesi, from October to November 2014. All subjects had completed the hepatitis B immunization scheme. By stratified random sampling, 105 children were selected as subjects. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 22.Results. From 48 schools, we selected 10 schools from which to draw a total of 105 children, but only 23 (21.9%) children had detectable anti-HBs . Of all subjects, 76 (72.4%)  were female, 78 (74.3%)  had good nutritional status, and 98 (93.3%)  had birth weight ≥2,500 grams. Data from immunization record books showed that 26 (24.8%) subjects received the HB-1 vaccination at ≤7 days of age and 45 (42.9%) subjects had a ≥2 month interval between the HB-2 and HB-3 vaccinations. Multivariate analysis showed that administration of HB-1 at ≤7 days of age  and a ≥2 month interval between HB-2 and HB-3  had significant associations with anti-HB seroprotection in children.Conclusion A low proportion of subjects who had completed the hepatitis B immunization scheme had detectable anti-HBs titer (21.9%). Administration of HB-1 at ≤7 days of age and a ≥2-month interval between HB-2 and HB-3 vaccinations are important factors in anti-HB seroprotection in children aged 10-15 years.

scholarly journals HBeAg Status among Chronic Hepatitis B Patients at A Referral Hospital of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Farjana Majid ◽  
Ahmed Lutful Moben ◽  
Dilroze Hussain ◽  
Md Faiz Ahmad Khondaker
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hbeag Status

Background: HBeAg status in chronic hepatitis B patients is important for outcome and treatmentObjective: The purpose of the present study was to see the status of HBeAg Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) patients.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Virology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka between July 2010 to June 2011. Serologically diagnosed CHB patients were enrolled for the study. The HBV DNA was quantified. Samples were tested for HBeAg with ELISA kit.Results: A total of 200 serologically diagnosed CHB patients were enrolled for the study. Among the total study population, HBeAg positive CHB patients were 74(37%) cases and HBeAg negative patients were 126 (63%) cases. Among the HBeAg negative patients, viral load was less and patients were significantly older. The mean viral load of HBeAg positive and HBeAg negative was 64012042 and 2.83i2.55 respectively. HBV DNA was a more reliable indicator of the presence of virus than HBeAg, and was detected in 98.65% (73/74) HBeAg positive carriers, and in 66.67% (84/126) HBeAg negative patients.Conclusion: HBeAg negativity is more prevalent among the CHB patients in Bangladesh.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2014; 6(2):60-63

scholarly journals An epidemiological study to find out the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B in a rural population of Kashmir valley

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1588
Author(s):  
Anjum Bashir Fazili ◽  
Rohul Jabeen Shah ◽  
Zaffar Amin Shah ◽  
Qazi Mohammad Iqbal ◽  
Beenish Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Background: Hepatitis B continues to pose a tremendous burden of disease with approximately 240 million people having chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally. The prevalence of HBV infection varies widely, with rates ranging from 0.1% to 20% in different parts of the world.Methods: This Community based Cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one year (2015-2016) in bock Hajin of Kashmir to find out the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and various risk factors associated with it.1861 subjects consented and participated in the study. A semi structured, pre tested, self-designed questionnaire was used to gather requisite information. Both screening as well as confirmatory tests were used to find out the seroprevalence of HBsAg in the study population.Results: Out of 1861 participants, 65.1% were females and 34.9% were males. All study participants were Muslims with 64.4% belonging to Sunni sec. 67.3% belonged to age group 10-40 years. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the study population was 0.9%. Gender, occupation, education and treatment by quacks were significantly associated with seropositivity. Only 76 (4.1%) of the participants had some knowledge about hepatitis B.Conclusions: The study reveals that the seroprevalence of hepatitis B is very low in the study population. It also reflects a low awareness level of population regarding hepatitis B infection thus demanding timely intervention in the form of awareness campaigns to keep transmission under check.

scholarly journals Awareness of Hepatitis B Vaccination in Rural Area: A Survey

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kamrun Nahar Sweety ◽  
Shamim Akther Mimi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hbv Vaccination ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Almost All

Background: The awareness regarding Hepatitis B vaccination is necessary in the general population of Bangladesh.Objective: This study was carried out to determine the level of knowledge and the vaccination coverage of hepatitis B virus in rural population.Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted at Bangladesh Institute of Administration and Management (BIAM), Dhaka, Bangladesh from February 2011 to April 2011. Sirajdikhan upazila of Munshiganj District was taken as a study place. All the villagers with an age group of 15 to 55 years were taken as study population. Result: A total number of 30 respondents were recruited of which male (60.0%) is predominant than female (40.0%). The mean age with SD was 23±7.256 years (range 15-53 years). Majority has told about the knowledge regarding the sequel of hepatitis B virus infection (33.3%). Almost all respondents (96.7%) are unknown about the treatment of HBV infection. Majority (76.7%) are unknown regarding taking HBV vaccination. Nobody has given positive answer in response to take vaccine. Conclusion: In conclusion information and knowledge regarding HBV infection and vaccination is very poor in the rural area of Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jcamr.v1i1.19558J Curr Adv Med Res 2014;1(1):3-7

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