Feto-maternal outcome among pregnant females in block Hazratbal of district Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir: a prospective longitudinal study

Background: Pregnancy is a normal physiological state which a woman experiences at some point of her life. During pregnancy a woman may develop complications which pose a risk to both maternal and fetal health. Caesarean section is a surgical procedure in which incision is made through a mother’s abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. The aim and objective of the study was to describe feto-maternal outcome among the study population in block Hazratbal, Srinagar.Methods: A community based longitudinal study was conducted in block Hazratbal (District Srinagar) for a period of 18 months. All the pregnant females attending the antenatal clinic at the subcenters and PHCs were included in the study and assessed for eligibility. The pregnant women enrolled in the study were examined again around 30 weeks, 37 weeks and once in postnatal period. Results: Only 2.6% were home deliveries. More than two-thirds (71.7%) of the study subjects delivered by LSCS and less than 2% of the study subjects delivered twins. Out of 391 children born 2 were born dead and 55.2% were of male gender. The mean gestational age at delivery was 38.56 weeks and the mean birth weight of neonates was 2.731 kg with only 4.9% LBW neonates. Conclusions: The percentage of institutional deliveries was good (97.4%) and the proportion of twins and male babies were within expected limits. The prevalence of LBW babies was only 4.9 against the national average of 28%. But the 71.7% caesarean section rate is too high and needs immediate attention by policy makers. Moreover both healthcare professional as well as general population need to be educated about the disadvantages of unnecessary caesarian sections.

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Incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension in block Hazratbal of district Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir: a prospective longitudinal study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20172819 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. 2333

Author(s):

Rouf Hussain Rather ◽

S. Mohammad Salim Khan ◽

Shahnaaz Taing

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gestational Hypertension ◽

Post Partum ◽

Antenatal Clinic ◽

Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽

Jammu And Kashmir ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Pregnant Females ◽

Induced Hypertension ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The term pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) suggests a disorder of blood pressure that arises because of the pregnancy. PIH is defined as new onset hypertension with or without significant proteinuria emerging after 20 weeks of gestation, during labour, or in first 48 hours post-partum. It is classified as gestational hypertension (without proteinuria), preeclampsia (with proteinuria), and eclampsia (associated with convulsions). Incidence of PIH varies from country to country and has been reported to occur as low as 0.51% to as high as 38.4%. The objectives of the study were to estimate the incidence of PIH in block Hazratbal, Srinagar and to see the extent of progression of gestational hypertension into preeclampsia and eclampsia.Methods: A community based longitudinal study was conducted in block Hazratbal (district Srinagar) for a period of 18 months. All the pregnant females attending the antenatal clinic at the sub-centers and PHCs were included in the study and assessed for eligibility (less than 20 weeks and normotensive), till the desired number of 385 eligible pregnant females was reached. The pregnant women enrolled in the study were examined again around 30 weeks, 37 weeks and once in postnatal period.Results: The incidence of PIH was 20%. Majority of them (14.5%) had Gestational Hypertension and about one-fourth (5.5%) progressed to pre-eclampsia, while no one developed eclampsia.Conclusions: PIH is common among Kashmiri females, 20 out of 100 pregnant females develop PIH. PIH is a major cause of perinatal mortality, preterm delivery, IUGR, and maternal morbidity and mortality.

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A Five Year Longitudinal Study of the Educational Environment in a Newly Integrated Medical Curriculum

Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal [SQUMJ] ◽

10.18295/squmj.2019.19.04.009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 335

Author(s):

Syed I. Shehnaz

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Medical Curriculum ◽

Educational Environment ◽

Traditional Curriculum ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Course Of Study

Objectives: The College of Medicine at Gulf Medical University (GMU), Ajman, United Arab Emirates, was subjected to a curricular reform, which shifted the institution from a traditional curriculum to a hybrid, studentcentred, integrated curriculum. There are no previous studies analysing the consequences of such a curricular modification on the educational environment (EE). Therefore, this study aimed to analyse the EE of a pioneer cohort of the innovative curriculum over their five-year course of study. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted between September 2009 and September 2013 at the College of Medicine. The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure questionnaire was completed by a pioneer cohort of students at the start of each academic session for five consecutive years. The mean overall, subscale and individual statement scores were evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon-rank sum tests. Results: A total of 178 responses were collected (response rate: 90.4%). The mean overall score throughout the five years of study was 130/200. A significant difference in the scores (P <0.05) was observed as the students proceeded through the course. The overall and subscale scores were significantly higher in the first and final years of study. Analysis of the statements recognised the medical knowledge of the teachers’ and students’ awareness of empathy and social interactions as persistent strengths of the college over the entire course of study. A curricular overload, a want for support systems for stressed students, students’ waning interest levels and assessment strategies emerged as areas that warranted further attention. Conclusion: The pioneer cohort of the new curriculum rated their EE as positive throughout their five years of study at GMU. An examination of individual statements revealed the programme’s strengths and areas for improvement for the institution.Keywords: Curriculum; Environment; Longitudinal Study; Medical Students; Perception; Undergraduate Medical Education; United Arab Emirates.

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Patterns of bruising in preschool children—a longitudinal study

Archives of Disease in Childhood ◽

10.1136/archdischild-2014-307120 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 100 (5) ◽

pp. 426-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Alison M Kemp ◽

Frank Dunstan ◽

Diane Nuttall ◽

M Hamilton ◽

Peter Collins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Multilevel Modelling ◽

Bleeding Disorders ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Mean ◽

Data Collections ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

IntroductionThis study aims to identify the prevalence and pattern of bruises in preschool children over time, and explore influential variablesMethodsProspective longitudinal study of children (<6 years) where bruises were recorded on a body chart, weekly for up to 12 weeks. The number and location of bruises were analysed according to development. Longitudinal analysis was performed using multilevel modelling.Results3523 bruises recorded from 2570 data collections from 328 children (mean age 19 months); 6.7% of 1010 collections from premobile children had at least one bruise (2.2% of babies who could not roll over and 9.8% in those who could), compared with 45.6% of 478 early mobile and 78.8% of 1082 walking child collections. The most common site affected in all groups was below the knees, followed by ‘facial T’ and head in premobile and early mobile. The ears, neck, buttocks, genitalia and hands were rarely bruised (<1% of all collections). None of gender, season or the level of social deprivation significantly influenced bruising patterns, although having a sibling increased the mean number of bruises. There was considerable variation in the number of bruises recorded between different children which increased with developmental stage and was greater than the variation between numbers of bruises in collections from the same child over time.ConclusionsThese data should help clinicians understand the patterns of ‘everyday bruising’ and recognise children who have an unusual numbers or distribution of bruises who may need assessment for physical abuse or bleeding disorders.

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Signal intensity in the dentate nucleus after cumulative dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA: First results of a prospective longitudinal study

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation ◽

10.3233/ch-209219 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. 233-240

Author(s):

Katharina Michalik ◽

Lukas Beyer ◽

Florian Zeman ◽

Christina Wendl ◽

Janine Rennert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Cumulative Dose ◽

Signal Intensity ◽

Dentate Nucleus ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Ionic Contrast ◽

First Results ◽

The Mean ◽

Linear Contrast ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) is a hepatocyte-specific, linear ionic contrast agent for MRI. In comparison to other linear contrast agents Gd-EOB-DTPA is excreted equally through liver and kidneys. This prospective longitudinal study investigates the signal intensity (SI) in the dentate nucleus (DN) on unenhanced T1-weighted images after repetitive application of Gd-EOB-DTPA. 46 patients were included into the study and 107 MRI examinations were performed. Statistical analysis of 25 patients showed no significant correlation between cumulative dose of Gd-EOB-DTPA and SI change and between the DN/Pons ratiolast and the mean DN/Pons ratiofirst. Subgroup analysis however revealed a significant correlation for one out of two readers. Gd-EOB-DTPA deposition could not be proven in the framework of this study.

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The effects of spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section on uterine and umbilical arterial pulsatility indexes in normotensive and chronic hypertensive pregnant women: a prospective, longitudinal study

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/1471-2393-14-291 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Luís Guedes-Martins ◽

Helena Graça ◽

Joaquim P Saraiva ◽

Luísa Guedes ◽

Rita Gaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Spinal Anaesthesia ◽

Elective Caesarean Section ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Changes in the Uterine Scar during the First Year after a Caesarean Section: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation ◽

10.1159/000478046 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Lucy F. van der Voet ◽

Inge P.M. Jordans ◽

Hans A.M. Brölmann ◽

Sebastiaan Veersema ◽

Judith A.F. Huirne

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Caesarean Section ◽

First Year ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Uterine Scar ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

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Use of Salivary Caffeine Tests to Assess the Inducer Effect of a Drug on Hepatic Metabolism

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809603000705 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 30 (7-8) ◽

pp. 736-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Javier Soto ◽

Jose A Sacristan ◽

Maria J Alsar

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Healthy Volunteers ◽

Time Course ◽

Hepatic Metabolism ◽

University Hospital ◽

Open Label ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Mean ◽

Caffeine Clearance ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

OBJECTIVE: To validate the use of successive salivary caffeine tests in evaluating how long inducer drugs affect hepatic metabolism. The time course of the inducer effect of rifampin found in other studies using different methodologies was chosen as the time course of reference. DESIGN: Open-label, prospective, longitudinal study. SETTING: A university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Five healthy volunteers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rifampin 600 mg/d was administered for 21 days. Anhydrous caffeine 300 mg was concurrently administered on each study day. Salivary caffeine tests were carried out on the following days: predose (baseline), and days 1, 5, 9, 13, and 17. Salivary tests were performed for up to 13 days after the last dose of rifampin (study days 21, 25, 29, and 33). RESULTS: The mean systemic caffeine clearance was increased for up to 17 days after the intake of rifampin, reaching the maximum inducer effect between days 5 and 9, and returning to previous values progressively during several days after rifampin was discontinued. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that successive salivary caffeine measurements could be a safe, reliable, noninvasive, and suitable test for exploring the time course of the inducer effect of drugs on hepatic metabolism activity.

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