scholarly journals Public awareness, attitude and knowledge of hepatitis B infection in North India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5184
Author(s):  
Vikramjeet Singh ◽  
Vineeta Mittal ◽  
Prashant Verma ◽  
Manodeep Sen ◽  
Anupam Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Health Care Policies

Background: Information on attitudes towards hepatitis B vaccination, its coverage, and efficacy in general public is a major challenge for every country and should form the basis of health care policies. Therefore, it is important to assess the attitude and the coverage of the vaccination in public in India for further policy implementation as well as for their safety. The study objectives were to assess the knowledge of Hepatitis B and C in persons coming from community to attend a camp at tertiary care center, Lucknow and to correlate the level of awareness to the attitude they behold toward the disease.Methods: A comparative study of two years (2015 and 2017) using multiple choice structured questionnaires among 300 attendants (150 each year) coming to Gastro medicine outpatient department. The attendants assessed knowledge and awareness about hepatitis B and C infection, transmission, screening and vaccination was the tool of data collection.Results: Although most of the attendants were aware of the existence of hepatitis B and C infection, the level of awareness regarding the modes of transmission and vaccination was found to be dissatisfactory in 2015 attendants.  A direct positive correlation as found between education level and awareness, which reveals that attendants with better knowledge and information had better attitudes toward the infection and prevention of hepatitis transmission.Conclusions: There is a still need to increase the level and quality of health education, vaccine accessibility and availability among people to prevent the spread of hepatitis B virus. 

scholarly journals Awareness of hepatitis B and C among students of nonmedical universities in Karachi

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rafiq ◽  
Saba Fatima ◽  
Beenish Masood ◽  
Rizwan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Fareeha Ahmed Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
University Campuses ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Student Community ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hcv Transmission ◽  
Awareness Programs

Abstract Background Pakistan is highly endemic with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the incidence of HBV infection is rising steadily. The reasons may include poor public awareness about the transmission of HBV and HCV. Objectives To assess the awareness of HBV and HCV among students in nonmedical universities. Methods The study instrument was a structured 36 item questionnaire. After obtaining permission from the respective administrations, students were approached within their university campuses and were included by convenience sampling. The results were expressed as frequencies. Results Five hundred students from 5 different institutions participated in the survey, with 100 students representing each institute. Most students did not recognize the possible modes of infection of hepatitis B that include reuse of syringes (57.2%), blood transfusions (62.6%), and sexual contact (57.4%). However, most (67.8%) students correctly believe that there is a vaccination available for the prevention of HBV. Most students did not recognize the possible modes of infection of hepatitis C that include reuse of syringes (61.8%), use of intravenous drugs of addiction (71.4%), sexual contact (55.6%), and blood transfusions (55.2%) as possible modes of transmission. Most students (51.8%) incorrectly believed that there is a vaccination available for the prevention of HCV. Conclusions There is a prominent lack of awareness regarding the risk factors for HBV and HCV infection among the student community of nonmedical universities in Karachi, and an immediate need to conduct nationwide awareness programs to raise the awareness of HBV and HCV transmission in the Pakistani population exists.

scholarly journals HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (05) ◽  
pp. 668-671
Author(s):  
GHULAM MUJTABA SIDDIQI ◽  
MANZOOR A NAEEM ◽  
M ADIL KHURSHID ◽  
Zafar Altaf Jafary ◽  
Khursheed Anwer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objective: The present study was carried out to screen for prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its associatedrisk factors in patients presenting for various complaints at a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross-sectional descriptive study. Place &Duration: Nawaz Sharif social security Hospital, Multan Road Lahore from January 2008 through December, 2009. Materials & Methods: Atotal of 15403 patients, aged 14 to 60 years, belonging to low socio-economic group were screened for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg)during the study period. Relevant information was obtained through a pre-designed questionnaire prepared in accordance with the objectivesof the study. Patient’s serum was tested qualitatively for HbsAg by rapid immunochromatographic technique (ICT devices, Accurate, USA)according to the manufacturer’s instructions.All sera showing reactivity were then confirmed with Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay(ELISA). Results: HbsAg positivity was found in 488 (3.16%) patients of the screened population. Associated risk factors were: therapeuticinjections (25.0%), shaving from community barbers (15.98%), blood or blood product transfusions (10.04%), HbsAg positive sexual partners(7.99%), dental treatment (6.96%), past surgical history (4.91%), occupational exposure (3.07%), pricking nose/ears (3.07%), H/ohemodialysis (2.04%) and medical endoscopy (1.02%). 5.94% cases revealed no risk factor whereas 13.93% cases had multiple risk factors.Conclusions: A high prevalence of known etiological risk factors for HBV infection in the HBV positive patients documented in our studyshould not go without serious concern. Public awareness programs should be launched through mass media to discourage the malpracticesrelated to risk factors.

Evaluation of Various Diagnostic Techniques for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Center in North India

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-439
Author(s):  
Monika Rajani ◽  
Molay Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Automated System ◽  
North India ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Indicator Tube ◽  
Extra Pulmonary ◽  
Uv Lamp

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a one of the main causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Bactec MGIT (Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube) system is a rapid, reliable automated system for early diagnosis of pulmonary and extra pulmonary TB in setups where purchase of expensive instruments is not possible. The present study was thus carried out to evaluate AFB microscopy, culture on Lowenstein Jensen media and micro MGIT system for early and accurate diagnosis of Tuberculosis. Methods: A total of 280 samples were processed for direct AFB smear examination, and culture on micro MGIT and LJ media. The identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in positive cultures was done by MPT64 Ag card test (BD MGIT TBC Identification Test). Results: Out of the processed samples, (47.1%) 132/280 were positive for Mycobacterium spp by Micro MGIT, (35%) 98/280 on LJ medium and (25.7%) 72/280 by AFB smear. A total of (48.5%) 136 samples were positive by a combination of Micro MGIT and LJ medium. Among the total positive samples (136/280), Micro MGIT was found to be positive in 97% (132/136) of samples, LJ was positive in 72% (98/136), while 52.9% (72/136) were positive by AFB smear. Conclusion: Manual MGIT System is a simple and efficient, safe to use the diagnostic system. It does not require any expensive/special instrumentation other than the UV lamp for the detection of fluorescence. In areas with limited resources where the purchase of expensive instruments such as the MGIT 960 is out of scope, the use of manual MGIT for rapid susceptibility testing for MDR-TB could be an option. We would recommend testing MGIT 960 using first and secondline drugs to determine DST.

scholarly journals 1066. Immune Escape Mutant Detection Using Commercially Available Methods for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Serological Testing

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S562-S562
Author(s):  
Robert Gish ◽  
Vincent Streva
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Immune Escape ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Panel Member ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Escape Mutants

Abstract Background Although overall infection rates of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the United States (US) remain stable, as many as 2.2 million persons are still chronically infected with Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)1. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) are at a higher risk of HBV infection and since 2009 three states (KY, TN, WV) have reported up to a 114% increase in cases of acute HBV infection due to higher infection rates among a non-Hispanic white populations (30–39 years), and injection drug users2. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended as primary prevention for adults who are at increased risk for HBV infection, including PWID. However, data from the National Health Interview Survey indicate that hepatitis B vaccination coverage is low among adults in the general population3, and it is likely to be lower among injection drug users. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) is the first serological marker to appear after HBV exposure and infection; this marker is included in the recommended panel for acute hepatitis diagnosis and accurate detection is necessary for early and accurate diagnosis. Serological testing challenges exist for HBsAg due to the high degree of genetic variability which can further be exacerbated by endogenous and exogenous pressures. The immuno-dominant region may have one or more mutations described as immune escape mutations which can decrease or abrogate HBsAg binding to antibodies used in immunoassays. Although the prevalence of these mutations is not well documented in the United States, international studies have shown that up to 79% of HBV-reactivated patients (vs 3.1% of control patients; p< 0.001) carry HBsAg mutations localized in immune-active HBsAg regions4. Methods A study was conducted using a panel of 10 unique recombinant HBsAg immune escape mutants. Panel members were tested by commercially available HBsAg serological immunoassays. Results It was found that although commercially available HBsAg immunoassays are the primary diagnostic tool for HBV diagnosis, not all HBsAg immune escape mutants are detected, with some method detecting as few as 5 out of 10 of these mutant samples. Figure 1 Conclusion Improvement is needed in commercially available methods for the accurate detection of HBsAg. Disclosures Robert Gish, MD, Abbott (Consultant)AbbVie (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)Access Biologicals (Consultant)Antios (Consultant)Arrowhead (Consultant)Bayer (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Bristol Myers (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Dova (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Dynavax (Consultant)Eiger (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Eisai (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Enyo (Consultant)eStudySite (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Exelixis (Consultant)Fujifilm/Wako (Consultant)Genentech (Consultant)Genlantis (Consultant)Gilead (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau)GLG (Consultant)HepaTX (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)HepQuant (Consultant, Advisor or Review Panel member)Intercept (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Ionis (Consultant)Janssen (Consultant)Laboratory for Advanced Medicine (Consultant)Lilly (Consultant)Merck (Consultant)Salix (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Shionogi (Consultant, Speaker’s Bureau)Viking (Consultant)

scholarly journals Coverage with Timely Administered Vaccination against Hepatitis B Virus and Its Influence on the Prevalence of HBV Infection in the Regions of Different Endemicity

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Karen K. Kyuregyan ◽  
Vera S. Kichatova ◽  
Olga V. Isaeva ◽  
Ilya A. Potemkin ◽  
Elena Yu. Malinnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination ◽  
Core Antigen ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Belgorod Oblast ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
B Virus

Universal hepatitis B vaccination of newborns was implemented in Russia starting from 1998. From 1998 to 2019, the incidence of acute hepatitis B reduced from 43.8 to 0.57 cases per 100,000 population. Here, we assessed the timely coverage of newborns with the birth dose (HepB-BD), second dose (HepB-2nd), and three vaccine doses (HepB3) in two remote regions of Russia with low (Belgorod Oblast) and high (Yakutia) levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity. Vaccination data were obtained from the medical records of 1000 children in Yakutia and 2182 children in Belgorod Oblast. Sera of healthy volunteers from Belgorod Oblast (n = 1754) and Yakutia (n = 1072) across all age groups were tested for serological markers of HBV to assess the infection prevalence and herd immunity. Average HepB-BD coverage was 99.2% in Yakutia and 89.4% in Belgorod Oblast (p < 0.0001) and in both regions varied significantly, from 66% to 100%, between medical centers. The principal reason for the absence of HepB-BD was parent refusal, which accounted for 63.5% of cases of non-vaccination (83/123). While timely HepB-2nd coverage was only 55.4%–64.7%: HepB3 coverage by the age of one year exceeded 90% in both study regions. HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) prevalence in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 0.2% (95% CI: 0.01–1.3%) in Belgorod Oblast and 3.2% (95% CI: 1.9–5.2%) in Yakutia. The proportion of persons testing negative for both antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) and antibodies to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc) in the 1998–2019 birth cohort was 26.2% (125/481) in Belgorod Oblast and 32.3% (162/501) in Yakutia. We also assessed the knowledge of and attitude towards vaccination among 782 students and teachers of both medical and non-medical specialties from Belgorod State University. Only 60% of medical students knew that hepatitis B is a vaccine-preventable disease. Both medical and nonmedical students, 37.8% and 31.3%, respectively, expressed concerns about safety and actual necessity of vaccination. These data indicate the need to introduce a vaccine delivery audit system, improve medical education with respect to vaccination strategies and policies, and reinforce public knowledge on the benefits of vaccination.

Outcomes of radiocephalic fistula created by nephrologists

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-620
Author(s):  
Narayan Prasad ◽  
Venkatesh Thammishetti ◽  
DS Bhadauria ◽  
Anupama Kaul ◽  
RK Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arteriovenous Fistula ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Primary Patency ◽  
North India ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Secondary Patency ◽  
Arteriovenous Fistulas ◽  
Secondary Failure ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Introduction: Arteriovenous fistula is considered as gold standard access for maintenance hemodialysis. Due to increasing burden of end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis, it is important for nephrologists to complement creation of arteriovenous fistula to meet the demand. Methods: This retrospective study was designed to assess the outcomes of arteriovenous fistula made by nephrologists at a tertiary care center from North India. The study included all radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula performed by nephrologists between November 2015 and January 2017. All arteriovenous fistulas were performed in patients whose duplex ultrasonography revealed both arterial and venous diameter of at least 2 mm. Data were collected with regard to age, gender, dialysis status, basic diseases, co-morbidities, and mineral bone disease parameters. The predictors of the primary and secondary patency rates were analyzed. Results: Five hundred patients (age 39.3 ± 14.4 years; 82.4% males; 21.6% diabetics) were included. In total, 83 (16.6%) patients had primary failure and 31 (7%) patients had secondary failure. Diabetes was associated with poor primary and secondary patency rates. Mean survival among the patients without primary failure was 11 months. The primary patency rates at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 21 months were 82%, 78%, 73%, 70%, and 70%, respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, the outcomes of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas created by nephrologists are at par with historic outcomes.

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