Prevalence of depression among elderly population in rural South India

Background: Depression among elderly is the commonest psychiatric disorder however it is commonly misdiagnosed and under treated. Most of the time it is considered as part of aging process rather than a treatable condition. Diagnosing depression in the elderly is often difficult as a result of presence of cognitive impairment as well as reluctance and denial by the elderly and their family members. Objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of depression among elderly rural population in South India. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted over a period of 2 months among 575 elderly people aged 60 years and above in the rural field practice area of a tertiary care hospital in south India using a pre validated Geriatric Depression Scale. Data entered and analysed using MS Excel.Results: 77.56% of the study participants were found to be depressed. Among them 74.66% were mild depressive and 25.34% had severe depression. Depression was common in elderly males as compared to females. The prevalence of depression was higher in those who live single and those living with their children without their spouse and those with co morbidities.Conclusions: Prevalence of depression among elderly is high in rural areas. It also increases as the age increases. Early identification and timely intervention would promote healthy old age.

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Correlation Between Level of Depression and Risk of Suicide in Elderly at Purwodadi, Grobogan

Diponegoro International Medical Journal ◽

10.14710/dimj.v1i2.9585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Rilla Fiftina Hadi ◽

Titis Hadiati ◽

Natalia Dewi Wardani

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Low Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severity Rating ◽

Central Java ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: According to WHO, the elderly people have physical and mental challenges, including depression. The incidence of depression lead to suicide on elderly is about 12.7%. In Grobogan Regency, Purwodadi, Central Java, there has been an increase of depression in the last 5 years. Purwodadi Subdistrict depends on the number of orders with the highest number of traffic cases and the elderly.Objective: To determine the correlation between depression level and the risk of suicide.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design in which all respondents were observed and variables were measured at one time. Samples were taken from elderly outpatient of primary health care and Posyandu lansia at Purwodadi, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Research samples were selected based on nonprobability sampling method through purposive sampling. This research used the Indonesian version of the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and CSSRS (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of elderly depression is 63.3%, and a significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide (p <0.05)Conclusion: significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide

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Prevalence of depression in residents of gerontology centre in Sarajevo

Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.17532/jhsci.2012.62 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 40-45

Author(s):

Jasmina Mahmutović ◽

Aida Rudić ◽

Fatima Jusupović ◽

Arzija Pašalić ◽

Refet Gojak

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Health State ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Third Age ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

Third Age Of Life

Introduction: Depressive disorder, as a major problem of public health, takes high fourth place in its prevalence in general population, and is considered to be the second most frequent health problem of femalepopulation. Depression is the most frequent mental problem of persons in their third age of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence of depression and establish the ratio between the current number ofdiagnosed and of unrecognised depression among the residents of Gerontology Centre in Sarajevo.Methods: This is a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study undertaken throughout May and June 2011 on the sample of 150 residents of “The Gerontology Centre“ in Sarajevo that were above 65 years of age. The following instruments were used for the research: the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), modified questionnaire consisting of two parts (general data and data related to health state), and the medical records of the residents. For statistic analysis of data was used the SPSS program for Windows.Results: According to GDS, prevalence of depression was 65.3%, out of which mild depression occurred in 46.7% cases and severe depression in 18.7%. The prevalence of verified (diagnosed) depression was 11.3per cents.Conclusions: According to the GD scale, unrecognised depressions seem to be almost six times more frequent (65.3:11%) than is the case with depressions diagnosed in medical records of the protégées of theGerontology Centre in Sarajevo. Timely recognition of depression and its treating in institutions for protection of health of persons in third age of life can substantially improve the quality of life of these patients.

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Suicidal Ideation, Depression and Quality of Life in the Elderly: Study in a Gerontopsychiatric Consultation

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2014.15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Carla Ponte ◽

Vera Almeida ◽

Lia Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Health Study ◽

Cross Sectional

AbstractThe global increase in elderly population all over the world, especially in Portugal, justifies the importance of mental health study in this age group. The aim of this study was to characterize the elderly patients in Gerontopsychiatry Consultation of Centro Hospitalar São João in Porto, related to socio-demographic aspects, physical and global disabilities, depression, suicidal ideation and quality of life, and to explore the association between suicidal ideation, depression, and quality of life and global and functional disability. In this cross-sectional study, 155 patients were recruited consecutively, with a final sample of 75 subjects (59 women and 16 men) without cognitive deficits and a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 6.04). Concerning the depression level measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale (Barreto et al., 2008) it was found that 66.7% presented severe depression and suicidal ideation (M = 41.96, SD = 36.38), a value considered with a potential risk of suicide using the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (Ferreira & Castela, 1999). The elderly also perceived their quality of life as low, revealing global disability assessed with the EasyCare- Elderly Assessment (Sousa & Figueiredo, 2000a). A significant positive correlation was also found between depression and suicidal ideation (rs =.71, p < .001), as well as quality of life (rs = .50, p < .001), and suicidal ideation with quality of life (rs = .40, p < .001). The data obtained in this study corroborate the results found in other studies.

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EVALUATION OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC- RELATED DEPRESSION IN GERIATRIC PATIENTS AT PRH, LONI: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12971 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1303-1310

Author(s):

Sakshi Deshmukh ◽

◽

Shrikant Sant ◽

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Geriatric Patients ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Males And Females

Question:Has COVID-19 Pandemic affected the psychological health of the elderly patients at PRH, Loni? Design: Descriptive Participants: 300 Intervention: Non Interventional Outcome measures: Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS- 15) Score Results: The average of males having significant depression determined, using Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was 3.56 whereas for females, it was 3.48. The difference in scoring depression between males and females was 1% percentage wise. Conclusion: On an average 41.8% of geriatric patients at PRH, Loni suffered from depression according to GDS- 15 score grading, during the time span of 3 months i.e. from January 2021 to March, 2021. Both inpatients as well as outpatients visiting PRH, Loni were included in the study with equal number of participation of males and females. This study concluded that males suffered from depression slightly higher than females. From the three categories of depression, mild depression had the highest rating than moderate and severe types of depression which was higher in females than in males. Broadly speaking, mild depression was the highest amongst older adults aged between 60 to 80, out of which females were moreover affected than males with a difference of 2.1%. Moderate depression amongst males was 4.6% and in females was comparatively higher with the percentage of 5.3%. The gender difference in the scoring was 2.1%. The percentage of Severe depression was 0.6% in males and was nil in females despite having a slightly higher rate of depression, in general at PRH, Loni.

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Relationship of Education, Age, Gender, Marital Status and Long Stay at Nursing Homes with Depression Events in Elderly

Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.26714/jkj.8.3.2020.329-336 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

Safitri Burhan Mumulati ◽

Susanti Niman ◽

Maria Yunita Indriarini

Keyword(s):

Nursing Homes ◽

Length Of Stay ◽

Marital Status ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

The prevalence of depression in the elderly in the world with an average age of 60 years is estimated there are 500 million people. The prevalence of depression in Indonesia based on the Information Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, elderly who experience depression by 11.6%. The effects of depression are decreased concentration and suicidal ideation. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between education level, age, sex, marital status and length of stay in nursing homes with the incidence of depression in the elderly. Research using quantitative methods with cross-sectional design. 101 elderly research respondents obtained by purposive sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire and geriatric depression scale (GDS-15). Analysis of the data with chi-square test, the results obtained there is a relationship between the last education with the incidence of depression (p-value 0.014) and there is no relationship between age and the incidence of depression (p-value 0.132), there is no relationship between sex with the incidence of depression (p-value 0.273), there was no relationship between marital status and depressive events (p-value 0.187), there was no association of length of stay with depressive events (p-value 0.192), there was no relationship between family visits and depressive events (p-value 0.879).

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Depression among elderly cancer patients

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.711 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S528-S528 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Ghanmi ◽

S. Aloulou ◽

A. Mechri ◽

K. Zitoun ◽

A. Ben Hmida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Elderly Cancer Patients ◽

Co Morbidity ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

IntroductionDepression is one of the most common mental illnesses in the elderly and its consequences are severe.AimsTo measure the prevalence of depression in elderly cancer patients and subsequently determine the sociodemographic and clinical factors correlated with this disorder.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients aged over than 65 years old, suffering from cancer and who had no cognitive impairment, admitted in 2013 in the Oncology and palliative care unit of Gabes regional Hospital (Tunisia). We used a self-rating questionnaire to detect sociodemographics and clinical variables, the Geriatric depression scale (GDS) to assess depressive symptoms, and the Activity of Daily Living to determine the degree of autonomy.ResultsAt the end of our investigation, we included 60 patients. The prevalence of depression was 48%. Depression was significantly correlated with: marital status (widower subjects were more depressed (74% vs. 34%, P = 0.007)), less degree of autonomy (80% vs. 38%, P = 0.04), fatigue (62% vs. 26%, P = 0.007), pain (59% vs. 26%, P = 0.02), family psychiatric history (80% vs. 20%, P = 0.02), family history of death by cancer (72% vs. 38%, P = 0.01), WHO condition (67% vs. 34%, P = 0.04) and the presence of co morbidity in particularly diabetes (69% vs. 41%, P = 0.05).ConclusionDepression is prevalent in oncogeriatric environments. This could compromise quality of support and care of these patients. Close collaboration between oncologist and psychiatrist is needed to support and relieve these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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EPILEPSY;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.05.3476 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (05) ◽

Author(s):

Jai Perkash ◽

Abdul Hafeez Bughio ◽

Muslim Ali Lakhair ◽

Ashique Ali Arain ◽

Muhammad Aslam Rind

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Epileptic Patients

Introduction: Epilepsy is among most frequent disorders visiting for neurology consultations while depression is documented as comorbidity with epilepsy that further disturbs the social life of such patients. Objectives: To find out the frequency of depression and difference in severity, age and gender among known epileptic patients visiting for neurology consultations at tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in neurology outpatient clinic and neurology ward LUMHS from August 2017 to January 2018. Epileptic patients (129) fitting into the inclusion criteria were selected for study under informed consent on proforma using SSDS (Siddiqui Shah Depression Scale). Results: Mean age of study population was 26.2 ±11.1 (range15 to 60) years and Male, Female ratio was 1.6: 1. Depression was found in 77 (59.7%) patients with 34 (44.1%) mild21 (27.3%) moderate and 22 (28.6%) had severe depression. Conclusion: High prevalence of depression is seen in epileptic patients. There was male preponderance distribution in the study. There is no significant difference among the genders and age groups regarding severity depression.

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GAMBARAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA LANSIA DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Komunitas ◽

10.32584/jikk.v4i1.911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 6-18

Author(s):

Sri Hartutik ◽

Anjar Nurrohmah

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

The World

Pandemi Covid -19 merupakan bentuk kasus baru di dunia kesehatan yang mempunyai beragam dampak, baik biologis, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Kondisi seperti ini harus benar-benar diwaspadai terutama pada usia rentan dan resiko yaitu salah satunya usia lansia. Depresi pada lansia merupakan gangguan psikiatri dan merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang sering terjadi dikalangan lanjut usia. Prevalensi depresi didunia sekitar 8-15%. Hasil survey dari berbagai negara di dunia diperoleh prevalensi rata- rata depresi pada lansia adalah 13,5 % dengan perbandingan wanita:pria 14,1: 8,6 dimana wanita dua kali lebih banyak daripada pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia di Masa Pandemic Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain deskriptif cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran tingkat depresi lansia menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S). Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan hasil Umur lansia yang mengalami depresi pada masa Pandemic Covid-19 sebagian besar adalah Usia lanjut (60–74 tahun), jenis kelamin perempuan, status perkawinan lansia sebagian besar janda, riwayat penyakit lansia sebagian besar hipertensi, tingkat pendidikan lansia sebagian besar SD. Kesimpulan penelitian gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia pada masa pandemic covid-19 sebagian besar mengalami depresi ringan. Depression in the elderly is a psychiatric disorder and is a mental health problem that often occurs among the elderly. The prevalence of depression in the world is around 8-15% and survey results from various countries in the world show that the average prevalence of depression in the elderly is 13.5% with the ratio of women: men is 14.1: 8.6 where women are twice as many as men. . This research aimed to determine the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This type of research used a cross sectional descriptive design with consecutive sampling technique which aims to describe the level of depression in the elderly using a research instrument in the form of a Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S) questionnaire. The result showed Depression during the Covid-19 Pandemic was mostly elderly (60 - 74 years), female sex, most of the elderly marital status was widowed, history of elderly disease was mostly hypertension, education level of the elderly was mostly elementary school. The description of the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic mostly experienced mild depression.

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Depression in the Elderly with Chronic Medical Illness

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1086 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S651-S651 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Ghanm ◽

S. Sghaier ◽

R. Toumi ◽

K. Zitoun ◽

L. Zouari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Chronic Disease ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Medical Illness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Medical Illness ◽

Medical Disorders ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

BackgroundThere is a bi-directional relationship between depression and chronic medical disorders.AimsThe objectives of our study were to measure the prevalence of depression in the elderly with chronic medical illness in primary care and to determine the socio-demographic and clinical factors related to depression.MethodsWe conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of patients aged over 65, followed at the outpatient chronic diseases in Oudhref's district hospital (south of Tunisia) during the month of September 2014. We used two instruments: the activity of daily living (ADL) to determine the degree of autonomy and the geriatric depression scale (GDS) validated in Tunisia.ResultsAt the end of our investigation, 100 chronic disease patients met inclusion criteria. The average age of our population was 75 years. Prevalence of depression was 48%. The most frequent chronic pathology was hypertension (79%), followed by diabetes (70%). In analytical study, we noted no correlation between depression and socio-demographic variables such as age, sex and marital status. Regarding clinical variables, depression was significantly more frequent in patients with sensory impairments (82% vs 18%, P = 0.017), dependent (80% vs 20%, P = 0.002). Regarding chronic disease, depression was significantly more frequent in patients with respiratory disease (80% vs 20%, P = 0.033), a higher number of comorbidities (P = 0.005), who were hospitalised at least once (P = 0.015).ConclusionDepression is common in elderly with a chronic disease. Using screening instruments for major depression by primary care clinicians will help to detect depression.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Evaluation of Malnutrition and Depression in Elderly People: An Epidemiological Study in Turkey

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

S Aydoğan ◽

A Ünsal ◽

D Arslantaş

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Malnutrition is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition increases the number of hospitalizations and prolongs the length of hospitalization by disrupting organ functions, increasing the number and severity of infections and delaying wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of suspected malnutrition in the elderly, to examine some related variables and to evaluate the depression. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study conducted between March-April 2019 in individuals aged 60 years and older living in Sivrihisar. Sample size was calculated as 579. Cluster sampling method used. Data was collected by door to door in 4 neighborhoods determined by randomly. Mini Nutritional Assessment Test-Short Form (for malnutrition), Katz Daily Living Activities Scale (for dependency) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (for depression) were used. Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were used for the analyzes. Results The study group consisted of 220 (38%) women and 359 (62%) men. The mean age was 68.9±6.4 (ranged 60-93). Frequency of suspected malnutrition was 25% (n = 145). Being 80 years of age or older (OR:3.24, CI:1.53-6.85), having a primary and lower education level (OR:2.54, CI:1.32-4.90), history of chronic illness (OR:2.34, CI:1.33-4.03), using dentures (OR:1.62, CI:1.03-2.55) and suspected depression (OR:4.97, CI:3.17-7.78) are important risk factors for malnutrition. Those with suspicion of malnutrition had lower scores on DLA (z = 8.982;p=0.001). Conclusions Malnutrition was found to be an important health problem for the elderly. The frequency of suspected malnutrition is higher in individuals with depression. Those with suspected malnutrition have higher level of dependency. In order to reduce the frequency of malnutrition, it may be beneficial to increase the awareness of the elderly and caregivers and to give importance to the elderly nutrition of primary health care providers. Key messages Depression is an important risk factor for malnutrition. Malnutrition increases the dependence of the individual on daily activities.

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