scholarly journals Etiology and risk factors of early and late onset neonatal sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Homoud Althagafi ◽  
Mona Abdullah Alharbi ◽  
Ashjan Nasser Bamarhool ◽  
Zahra Dheya Almajed ◽  
Leen Hani Natto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Lead Levels ◽  
Total Birth Rate

Neonatal sepsis is a systemic disease caused by bacterial organisms, viral infections, or fungus that causes hemodynamic abnormalities and other clinical symptoms resulting in severe complications and may progress into mortality. Parturition can be used to diagnose organisms caused by the premature onset of sepsis in some cases, but only after an average of three days of life. Clinical manifestations of infection may also diagnose the organisms caused by the early onset of sepsis. Late sepsis can refer to any incident of sepsis from delivery to discharge in high-risk newborns, and the majority of them have been hospitalized for a lengthy period. Late-onset Guillain-Barré syndrome infections generally refer to the infections that occur between one week and up to three months post-labor. The precise load fraction for newborn sepsis varies by context, with differing load estimations between nations with varying lead levels. With the diversity of treatments utilized, explaining the degree of obstetric palsy is crucial and complicated. When comparing birthing sepsis rates, it is critical to understand if a tiny figure represents a total birth rate or another rate, such as a hospital admission number. As stated, it is critical to evaluate if population estimates based on the numbers of neonatal sepsis episodes have been recorded. This article aims to review the literature regarding neonatal sepsis from different aspects including, the etiology, risk factors, and different types and onset of neonatal sepsis.

Neonatal sepsis in southwest of Iran; prevalence of microbial pathogens, risk factors, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Salahi ◽  
Abdolkarim Ghadimi Moghadam ◽  
Ali Mousavizadeh ◽  
Masoud Marashifard ◽  
Seyed Jabar Taghavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background: Neonatal sepsis is a serious worldwide problem causing significant rates of mortality and morbidity in newborns, especially in cases with delayed infection diagnosis and management. The present study aimed to evaluate the bacteriological profiles, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, risk factors, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings in neonatal sepsis in southwest of Iran. Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 342 neonates with suspected sepsis admitted to the neonatal ward and NICU were included. Using standard protocols, blood samples were transported to the BACTEC blood culture system. Then, conventional biochemical tests were used for the identification of bacterial genera and species. The bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined usingagardisk diffusion method according to the CLSI guidelines. Demographic data, clinical findings, risk factors, mortality rates, and laboratory parameters were collected for each patient. Results: Forty-three (12.6%) cases were culture-positive, among whichCoNS, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter and Beta hemolytic streptococcus were the most prevalent. The prevalence of early-onset sepsis and late-onset sepsis were 53.5% and 46.5%, respectively. Significant differences between prematurity, very low birth weight, and invasive procedures were observedbetween neonates with and without sepsis. Teicoplanin and vancomycin were the most efficient antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria, while amikacinwas more efficient against Gram-negative bacteria. Conclusion: Risk factors such as prematurity, abnormal birth weight, anemia, leukopenia, prolonged hospitalization, and invasive processes and cesarean section, can increase the incidence of neonatal sepsis.

NEONATAL SEPSIS AND IDENTIFICATION OF RISK FACTORS: STUDY IN AVBRH HOSPITAL SAWANGI

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pramod P. Singhavi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Late Onset Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset Sepsis ◽  
Meconium Stained Amniotic Fluid

Introduction: India has the highest incidence of clinical sepsis i.e.17,000/ 1,00,000 live births. In Neonatal sepsis septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, arthritis and urinary tract infections can be included. Mortality in the neonatal period each year account for 41% (3.6 million) of all deaths in children under 5 years and most of these deaths occur in low income countries and about one million of these deaths are due to infectious causes including neonatal sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. In early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) Clinical features are non-specific and are inefficient for identifying neonates with early-onset sepsis. Culture results take up to 48 hours and may give false-positive or low-yield results because of the antenatal antibiotic exposure. Reviews of risk factors has been used globally to guide the development of management guidelines for neonatal sepsis, and it is similarly recommended that such evidence be used to inform guideline development for management of neonatal sepsis. Material and Methods: This study was carried out using institution based cross section study . The total number neonates admitted in the hospital in given study period was 644, of which 234 were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the treating pediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. The data was collected: Sociodemographic characteristics; maternal information; and neonatal information for neonatal sepsis like neonatal age on admission, sex, gestational age, birth weight, crying immediately at birth, and resuscitation at birth. Results: Out of 644 neonates admitted 234 (36.34%) were diagnosed for neonatal sepsis by the paediatrician based on the signs and symptoms during admission. Of the 234 neonates, 189 (80.77%) infants were in the age range of 0 to 7 days (Early onset sepsis) while 45 (19.23%) were aged between 8 and 28 days (Late onset sepsis). Male to female ratio in our study was 53.8% and 46% respectively. Out of total 126 male neonates 91(72.2%) were having early onset sepsis while 35 (27.8%) were late onset type. Out of total 108 female neonates 89(82.4%) were having early onset sepsis while 19 (17.6%) were late onset type. Maternal risk factors were identified in 103(57.2%) of early onset sepsis cases while in late onset sepsis cases were 11(20.4%). Foul smelling liquor in early onset sepsis and in late onset sepsis was 10(5.56%) and 2 (3.70%) respectively. In early onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 21(11.67%), 19 (10.56%), 20(11.11%) and 33 (18.33%) cases respectively. In late onset sepsis cases maternal UTI, Meconium stained amniotic fluid, Multipara and Premature rupture of membrane was seen in 2 (3.70%), 1(1.85%), 3 (5.56%) and 3 (5.56%) cases respectively. Conclusion: Maternal risk identification may help in the early identification and empirical antibiotic treatment in neonatal sepsis and thus mortality and morbidity can be reduced.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Rotavirus and Norovirus Infections in Hospitalized Children Less Than 5 Years of Age With Acute Gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Arashkia ◽  
Behrooz Nejat ◽  
Mahsa Farsi ◽  
Somayeh Jalilvand ◽  
Alireza Nateghian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Severe Gastroenteritis ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Commercial Enzyme Immunoassay

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most important causes of death in children in developing countries which cause by different enteropathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Among these, most of the acute gastroenteritis in children are caused by viral infections mainly by rotavirus and norovirus. This study aimed to study the epidemiological and clinical status of acute gastroenteritis resulting from rotavirus and norovirus in children between June 2015 and June 2016 in Iran. A total of 211 stool specimens were collected from Ali Asghar Children's Hospital and Bahrami Children's Hospital in Tehran, from June 2015 to June 2016. The samples were screened by commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) Ridascreen kit and real time RT-PCR to detect rotavirus and norovirus genogroups I and II, respectively. The information on demographic and clinical manifestations was collected, and data analyzed using IBM SPSS statistics version 22. Overall, the detection rate of rotavirus was 25.6 %, and for norovirus infection, it was 17.5%. All norovirus positive specimens belonged to genogroup II. Higher rates of rotavirus infections were observed in children from 7 to 24 months, and higher rates of norovirus infections were detected in children from 1 to 12 months. Clinical symptoms were not different between rotavirus and norovirus case-patients. The present study not only highlights the importance of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Iran but also verifies the relevance of norovirus as the cause of severe gastroenteritis in children.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND THE INFLUENCE OF RISK FACTORS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN CHILDREN OF LVIV REGION OF DIFFERENT AGES

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
O. R. Trutiak ◽  
O. L. Lychkovska ◽  
R. R. Holovyn ◽  
M. I. Dats-Opoka
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Asthma In Children

Bronchial asthma (BA) is a common chronic pathology of the lower respiratory tract in children. The first manifestations of the disease can begin at any age, but the clinical features, of the course, are different in different periods of childhood. Manifestations and course of asthma may disappear or progress with age. Therefore, it is likely that there are differences in the pathophysiology, inflammatory response of the body and the features of the clinic of asthma in children of different ages, which affects the diagnosis and treatment. The aim of the study was to determine the features of clinical symptoms and the influence of risk factors for asthma on its occurrence in children of different ages. Materials and methods. We analyzed the anamnesis and clinical symptoms of 57 children aged 3 to 18 years, who were treated from September 2020 to June 2021 in the Lviv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital “OHMATDYT” and in the Lviv Municipal City Children's Clinical Hospital. The age groups did not differ statistically in the severity of asthma (P> 0.05). Thus, in group 1 was 1 patient (9.09%) with mild form, 1 patient (9.09%) - moderate persistent form, 8 patients (72.73%) - with severe persistent form. Among patients of age group 2 was 1 patient (3.85%) with mild persistent form, 3 children (11.54%) - moderate and 21 children (80.77%) - with severe persistent form. In group 3 was 1 patient (5%) with a mild persistent form, 6 patients (30%) - moderate and 12 children (80%) - with a severe persistent form. The vast majority of patients were boys (84.21 ± 4.83%). All patients underwent general clinical examinations, spirometry, and allergy tests. We used the clinical-anamnestic method to perform the tasks of the work, which consisted in collecting a detailed somatic and genealogical anamnesis during the parents` questionnaire. Physical development of children was assessed using centile tables. Statistics were evaluated by calculating Student's t-test and Pearson's consistency test. Preschool children with asthma were more likely to experience shortness of breath during exercise and a wet low-yielding cough, and children of primary and secondary school age were more characterized by concomitant allergic rhinitis. Autumn was more unfavorable period for the exacerbation of clinical manifestations of asthma in children of Lviv region was period. We did not find correlation of birth weight on the timing of asthma. However, a burdensome obstetric history contributed to the early development of clinical manifestations of asthma. Preschool children were more likely to be exposed to nicotine during the antenatal period and had a shorter duration of breastfeeding, which may be a probable risk factor for asthma in preschool children. In 77% of children from different age groups were burdened with a history of allergies, with 66% of cases more pronounced in the maternal line. An analysis of physical development revealed that most preschool children were overweight. Conclusions. Asthma has features of clinical symptoms in children of different ages - shortness of breath during exercise and whooping cough are characteristic of preschool children, and concomitant chronic persistent rhinitis - for older age groups. Seasonal exacerbations are characteristic of asthma in children; in particular, the autumn period is more unfavorable, common for asthmatics in children of all ages among patients in Lviv region. Maternal smoking during pregnancy has a significant effect on the risk of developing asthma in children. Also, a burdened maternal allergy history and overweight child contributes to the development of asthma in children.

Consultation with the Specialist

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 262-263
Author(s):  
Ronald L. Poland ◽  
Kristi L. Watterberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Bacterial Sepsis ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Treatable Condition

Recognizing neonatal bacterial sepsis early is one of the most difficult problems that pediatricians encounter. Only 1 in 500 to 1 in 1600 newborns have proven bacterial sepsis. Prematurely born and stressed infants exhibit sepsis more frequently than do unstressed term infants. Therefore, the general pediatrician confronts proven neonatal sepsis uncommonly and needs to be alert to the early signs of sepsis because of the great danger of this potentially treatable condition. Prior to the introduction of antibiotics, mortality from neonatal bacterial sepsis was greater than 90%. Antibiotics and supportive therapy have reduced this mortality to 13% to 50%. There remains much room for improvement. Good outcomes depend on early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and host factors that still are being explored. Neonatal sepsis tends to appear as either "early onset" or "late onset" syndromes, but some cases are difficult to classify. Early onset disease is seen in the first few days of life, tends to be fulminant, and is associated more often with maternal or perinatal risk factors, such as maternal fever, prolonged rupture of the membranes, and fetal distress. On the other hand, late onset disease usually occurs after 1 week of age, tends to develop more gradually, and is less likely to be associated with the previously mentioned risk factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiological features and clinical manifestations in 469 adult patients with brucellosis in Babol, Northern Iran

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. HASANJANI ROUSHAN ◽  
M. MOHREZ ◽  
S. M. SMAILNEJAD GANGI ◽  
M. J. SOLEIMANI AMIRI ◽  
M. HAJIAHMADI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Veterinary Profession ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Medical University

The epidemiological features and clinical manifestations of adult cases of brucellosis admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases, Babol Medical University, Iran from 1997 to 2002 were investigated. Of 469 cases, 267 (56·9%) were males. The mean age of cases was 36·9±15 years. Most (60·8%) were from rural areas. Two thirds of cases (306, 66·3%) presented during spring or summer. Fresh cheese (22·4%), animal husbandry (11·3%), laboratory worker (8·1%) and veterinary profession (1·5%) were the main risk factors. Forty-five families (9·6%) had two cases. Sweating, fever, and arthralgia were the most frequent clinical symptoms. Complications were documented in 105 males (39·5%) and 41 females (20·3%, P=0·0001). Peripheral arthritis was seen in 24 (9%) males and 19 (9·4%) females, with knees and hips being the most common sites of infection. Sacroiliitis and spondylitis were seen in 28 (6%) and 32 (6·8%) cases respectively with spondylitis more common in males (P=0·023). Epididymo-orchitis was seen in 29 (10·9%) males. There were three cases each of endocarditis (0·6%) and neurological complications (0·6%). Most patients with brucellosis did not have any of the known risk factors for brucellosis. Thus consumption of unsafe dairy products could be the main route of infection. The disease manifested with a diversity of clinical manifestations and complications. Complications were more frequent in males than females.

Aetiology and frequency of risk factors for late onset neonatal sepsis in a level IIIBb NICU

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-145
Author(s):  
Almudena Alonso-Ojembarrena ◽  
Álvaro Cristóbal Marín-Lozano ◽  
Fátima Galán-Sánchez ◽  
Manuel Antonio Rodríguez-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Late Onset

scholarly journals Atypical Chikungunya virus infections: clinical manifestations, mortality and risk factors for severe disease during the 2005–2006 outbreak on Réunion

2008 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ECONOMOPOULOU ◽  
M. DOMINGUEZ ◽  
B. HELYNCK ◽  
D. SISSOKO ◽  
O. WICHMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Chikungunya Fever ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Atypical Case ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

SUMMARYIn April 2005, an outbreak of Chikungunya fever occurred on the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean. During winter 2005, six patients developed meningoencephalitis and acute hepatitis due to Chikungunya virus. Our objectives were to determine the incidence and mortality of atypical Chikungunya viral infections and to identify risk factors for severe disease. A hospital-based surveillance system was established to collect data on atypical Chikungunya cases. Case reports, medical records and laboratory results were reviewed and analysed. We defined an atypical case as one in which a patient with laboratory-confirmed Chikungunya virus infection developed symptoms other than fever and arthralgia. We defined a severe atypical case as one which required maintenance of at least one vital function. We recorded 610 atypical cases of Chikungunya fever: 222 were severe cases, 65 affected patients died. Five hundred and forty-six cases had underlying medical conditions (of which 226 suffered from cardiovascular, 147 from neurological and 150 from respiratory disorders). Clinical features that had never been associated with Chikungunya fever were recorded, such as bullous dermatosis, pneumonia, and diabetes mellitus. Hypertension, and underlying respiratory or cardiological conditions were independent risk factors for disease severity. The overall mortality rate was 10·6% and it increased with age. This is the first time that severe cases and deaths due to Chikungunya fever have been documented. The information presented in this article may assist clinicians in identifying the disease, selecting the treatment strategy, and anticipating the course of illness.

Laboratory medicine in pediatric lupus

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 045-051
Author(s):  
Antonio La Cava
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Pediatric Lupus

AbstractPediatric lupus encompasses a broad variety of clinical manifestations of a systemic disease. Routine laboratory testing, autoantibodies, and complement levels can confirm the diagnosis and help monitoring and therapy of the disease, to ultimately improve outcomes. Additionally, tests can help to identify subsets of patients with specific risk factors and/or the involvement of selected organs/systems. The availability, refinement and accuracy of laboratory tests are instrumental to improve the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of pediatric lupus patients.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF NEWBORN ADAPTATION BORN FROM MOTHERS WITH INTRAUTERINE INFECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (34) ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
Akmaral K ZHUMALINA ◽  
Balash T TUSUPKALIEV ◽  
Yuliya A ZAME ◽  
Lyudmila V VOLOSHINA ◽  
Klara B DARZHANOVA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

Today about 40 % of babies are infected with intrauterine infections. The immune statuses of children during the neonatal period are largely associated with the patterns of pregnancies in their mothers. This work aimed to study clinical and immunological features in newborns of mothers with intrauterine infection. 48 infants were observed. Neonates were divided into two groups: group 1 – 33 newborns from mothers infected with cytomegalovirus infection, group 2 – 15 children from healthy mothers. The diagnosis of intrauterine infection verifizierung the basis of survey questionnaire for pregnant women, outpatient data of pregnant women and neonates, serologic study, PCR, ELISA, and the cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Somatic and obstetric and gynecological history of mothers was thoroughly collected and the risk factors for the development of complications in the early period of adaptation were assessed. The result of the study revealed that the structure of risk factors in pregnant women with intrauterine infections is of great importance the age of 30 years, genital and extragenital pathology during pregnancy, spontaneous abortions and non-developing pregnancy, abortion. Associated viral infections (CMV, Cytomegalovirus) predominate in the structure of congenital infection. The analysis indicates significantly burdened perinatal anamnesis in children infectious factors and factors of perinatal hypoxia. The leading clinical symptoms for intrauterine infections among the examined children are in the early neonatal period prematurity asphyxia, urinary symptoms, late neonatal period differ polymorphism symptomatic. In this period reveals a specific organ of the Central nervous system. In newborns with intrauterine infections observed inhibition of immunological indicators (CD4+, Cd8+, Cd 19+).

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