Etiology and risk factors of early and late onset neonatal sepsis

Neonatal sepsis is a systemic disease caused by bacterial organisms, viral infections, or fungus that causes hemodynamic abnormalities and other clinical symptoms resulting in severe complications and may progress into mortality. Parturition can be used to diagnose organisms caused by the premature onset of sepsis in some cases, but only after an average of three days of life. Clinical manifestations of infection may also diagnose the organisms caused by the early onset of sepsis. Late sepsis can refer to any incident of sepsis from delivery to discharge in high-risk newborns, and the majority of them have been hospitalized for a lengthy period. Late-onset Guillain-Barré syndrome infections generally refer to the infections that occur between one week and up to three months post-labor. The precise load fraction for newborn sepsis varies by context, with differing load estimations between nations with varying lead levels. With the diversity of treatments utilized, explaining the degree of obstetric palsy is crucial and complicated. When comparing birthing sepsis rates, it is critical to understand if a tiny figure represents a total birth rate or another rate, such as a hospital admission number. As stated, it is critical to evaluate if population estimates based on the numbers of neonatal sepsis episodes have been recorded. This article aims to review the literature regarding neonatal sepsis from different aspects including, the etiology, risk factors, and different types and onset of neonatal sepsis.

The demographic reasons of new period of fertility decline in the northern regions of Russia.

At the last time the North is a one of important vector of country’s economy strategic development. A rich mineral resource and fuel and energy bases give the reason for development and implementation of the new investment projects. Successful economic developing of territories needs in human resources, however a number of northern regions of the country have persistent problems in demographic sphere: low level of birth-rate and migration outflow. Here are Republic of Karelia, Komi Republic, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk, Magadan, Sakhalin and Kamchatka regions and in 2018–2019 the Chukotka Autonomous Region also can be included. In the last years in these regions, as in the whole in Russia, the deterioration of the birth-rate situation began. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to identify demographic reasons of birth-rate reduction in the Russian northern regions. The index method was used. It helped to find what value at the dynamics of total birth-rate coefficient belongs to changes in the proportion of women aged 15–49 years old in a population, in the age birth-rate coefficient, and also in the age structure of a female reproductive group. According to research it was found a favorable effect in 2014–2016 on the preservation of the positive dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient in the conditions of negative influence of factors of demographic structure exactly for a reason of increasing of the real fertility. It was detected, that in 2017–2019, a negative effect on the dynamic of the total birth-rate coefficient has implemented significant decrease in birth-rate itself and not only structural factors. The revealed beginning of the reduction of age- specific birth rates confirms the importance of prolongation of family and demographic policy in the field of improving the economic situation of families with children, increasing the status of parenthood in society. The high-priority task in the conditions of factors increasing, that complicate to preserve economic stability in the country, is to provide a decent level and quality of life, an accessibility of the most important living benefits — comfortable housing and jobs with salary, that can qualitatively satisfy a wide range of needs of families with children.

Perosomus Elumbis in Piglets: Pathological, Radiological and Cytogenetic Findings

Perosomus elumbis (PE) is a rare congenital condition characterized by agenesis of the lumbar, sacral and coccygeal vertebrae. Perosomus elumbis has rarely been reported in literature as morphological description of singles or few cases. Here we report the first extensive description of eight cases of PE detected in two consecutive litters from the same parents of Casertana pig breed. In August 2018, eight piglets were investigated for multiple malformations. All malformed animals, but one, died in the first day of life. The survivor piglet died at 23 days of age. Pathological, radiological and cytogenetic examination was performed. Furthermore, a farm epidemiological investigation was carried out to investigate the percentage of piglets born dead or with malformations in 2018. The radiological and pathological exams showed skeletal abnormalities at the spinal cord level and visceral malformations. Cytogenetic investigations showed a normal chromosome arrangement. Finally, epidemiological investigation revealed a low prevalence of malformations in newborn pigs, equal to 0.5% of the total birth rate of the farm. Our findings report the first extensive description of PE cases in pigs and suggest an underestimation of this malformation in veterinary medicine. Our findings also suggest a specific genetic etiological basis as cause of PE in pigs and exclude chromosomal abnormalities. Further studies will be performed to confirm this hypothesis.

3.3. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS OF FERTILITY OF POPULATION IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION BY THE MODEL OF MODELING

Рассмотрена динамика суммарного коэффициента рождаемости в Российской Федерации и факторы рождаемости. Выделено пять групп регионов РФ по уровню суммарного коэффициента рождаемости. На примере пяти регионов-лидеров и пяти регионов-антилидеров проанализировано воздействие на по-казатель рождаемости девяти социально-экономических факторов. Рассмотрена динамика ко-эффициента рождаемости и выявлена основная тен-денция изменения данного показателя. С помощью корреляционно-регрессионного анализа выявлены факторы, оказывающие определяющее воздействие на рождаемость в РФ. Выделены группы факторов по степени влияния на рождаемость населения. The dynamics of the total fertility rate in Russia and fertility factors are considered. Five groups of Russian regions were identified by the level of the total birth rate. Using the example of 5 leading regions and 5 anti-leader regions, we analyzed the impact on the birth rate of 9 socio-economic factors. The dynamics of the birth rate is examined and the main tendency for this indicator to change. Using correlation and re-gression analysis, factors were identified that have a decisive effect on fertility in Russia. Groups of factors are identified by the degree of influence on the birth rate of the population.

DYNAMICS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC SITUATION IN THE RUSSIA’S REGIONS AT THE BEGINNING OF THE XXI CENTURY AND ITS FEATURES IN SUBJECTS WITH AN ETHNIC COMPONENT

The paper presents a spatial analysis of the components of population dynamics and birth rates in the regions of Russia for the period from the beginning of the 2000s. The dynamics of birth rates for different types of regions is traced: old-developed regions with pronounced depopulation, Northern regions of new development, regions with incomplete demographic transition, including the dynamics of the total birth rate separately for urban and rural populations. It is noted that for regions with an ethnic component, it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the settlement pattern of different nationalities. The measures developed by the state to support families with children and increase fertility should take into account the specifics of the demographic situation in the regions.

Incidence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Swedish Newborn Infants

Sweden has 10.2 million inhabitants and more than 2.4 million have a foreign background. A substantial number of immigrants come from countries where glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) is frequent. The total birth rate annually in Sweden is approximately 117,000 and newborn screening is centralized to one laboratory. We determined glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity in 10,098 dried blood spot samples (DBS) from the whole country with a fluorometric assay (LabSystems Diagnostics Oy, Finland). The first 5451 samples were anonymised and run as singletons, whilst the following 4647 samples were coded. Enzyme activity ≤40% of the mean of the day was found in 58 samples (1/170) and among these, 29 had activities ≤10% (1/350). Twenty-nine samples with residual activities between 2–39% in the coded cohort were subjected to Sanger sequencing. Disease-causing variants were identified in 26 out of 29 infants, of which six were girls. In three patients, we did not find any disease-causing variants, although two patients were hemizygous for the known polymorphisms c.1311T>C and c.1365-13C>T. The most common disease-causing variant found in 15 of the 29 samples (12 hemizygotes, two heterozygotes, one homozygote) was the Mediterranean mutation, c.563C>T (p.(Ser188Phe)) in exon 6. G6PDD is thus a surprisingly prevalent disorder in Sweden.

Some demographic trends of modern Finland

Since the late 1960s Finland finally switched to a narrowed model of population reproduction, characterized by a constantly decreasing total birth rate, which decreased to 1.45 in 2018. This model is characterized by a decrease in the absolute number and relative share of young age cohorts, especially under 19 years, a rapid increase in average age, which in 2018 was 41.6 years (an increase of 0.3 years compared to 2017), an increase in the number and proportion of people older than 64 years. In 2016, Finland experienced a demographic transition when, for the first time in the country's history, peacetime mortality exceeded the birth rate, which is a long-term negative demographic trend while maintaining a modern demographic policy. In 2060, an excess of mortality over birth rates of up to 23 thousand per year is predicted (40 thousand births and 63 thousand deaths). Beginning in 2035, without mass incoming migration, the country's population will decrease at an increasing rate, and starting in 2060, the decline may amount to 100 thousand people for every four years. The Finnish authorities in their demographic policy operate within the framework of the paradigm implemented by most EU countries, with its characteristic disregard for active pronatalistic measures, the introduction of socio-cultural models that contribute to reducing the birth rate and relying on the compensation of population loss due to immigrants. Since about 2005, the population growth in Finland has been achieved only due to incoming migration, which is facilitated by the liberalization of legislative norms, in particular, the facilitation of naturalization. Given the unique identity of Finnish society, which is threatened by the high rate of replacement of the indigenous population by foreign-ethnic and foreign-cultural immigrants, the difficulty of assimilating them, such a demographic strategy seems to be a dead end.

Strategi Balai Penyuluhan Keluarga Berencana Kabupaten Bungo dalam Pengendalian Pertumbuhan Penduduk Suku Anak Dalam

Muara Bungo is one of the Regencies in Jambi Province which was shown in 2017, obtained data from BPS, the total birth rate in Bungo Regency is still high, which is 2.50. That means, every woman who is still in her reproductive period has an average of three to five children. In Dwi Karya Bakti Village is a group of Children in Suku Anak Dalam (SAD) who have started living permanently since 2012. The Bungo District Government has supported as much as possible to empower the SAD. SAD is a Maalau heretic who runs a prison in Air Hitam, Bukit Dua Belas National Park. Efforts to control the growth of SAD have been made since they lived permanently. The population growth rate of SAD is still very high, this is due to the total or total fertility rate (TFR) which is still high and uncontrolled with the number of births reaching 17 babies each year from 55 families. Based on data obtained by researchers from the Rio Dusun Dwi Karya Bhakti office about SAD from Couples of Fertile Age to Monopause still produce children up to 8 people. Therefore, family planning extension staff must implement strategies that can support the growth of SAD by providing family planning counseling and the use of contraceptives. Most of the SAD in Dwi Karya Bhakti Hamlet still have been moved to the forest, which according to them is still available many game animals such as pigs, deer and antelope. The method used in this study used a descriptive method with qualitative data analysis. The strategy of the Pelepat District Family Planning Counseling Center in the Control of Population of Children in the Dwi Karya Bhakti Village in 2015-2017 includes strategies for cooperation and cooperation with related parties, field counseling strategies, and clinical counseling strategies. Obstacles issued by the Pelepat District Family Planning Counseling Center in Population Control for Children in the Dwi Karya Bhakti Village, among others, are not routinely supported, it is difficult to provide assistance to SAD, and there are still SADs that are mobile (Nomadic).

The impact of demographic policy on birth rate processes in Ukraine

The article analyzes the dynamics of birth rate and natural increase of population of Ukraine in 20– 21th century. The influence of age structure and demographic measures pro-natality policy on birth rate trends today. An comparison was made between regional-level birth rate in 2001 and 2009. The groups of regions were highlighted with the highest rate of change of the total birth rate for the period. Key words: pro-natality policy, the total birth rate, reproductive behavior, the nature of population reproduction.

The Pulsar Birth Rate from the Parkes Multibeam Survey

We report on calculations of the pulsar birth rate based on the results of the Parkes multibeam survey. Prom the observed sample of more than 800 pulsars, we compute the pulsar current, accounting as accurately as possible for all known selection effects. The main goal of this work is to understand the pulsar birth rate as a function of the surface dipole magnetic field strength. We show that pulsars with magnetic fields greater than 1012.5 G account for about half of the total birth rate.