scholarly journals Annual adult health screening: barriers, challenges and effectiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Abrar A. Al Yamani ◽  
Fahad A. Mahnshi ◽  
Abdullah A. Alkhalifah ◽  
Abdullah M. Alsawadi ◽  
Bader O. Alnefaie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Premarital Screening ◽  
Barriers And Challenges ◽  
Screening Barriers

Although it has been well-established that screening for early detection and intervention practices has been associated with favorable outcomes, there have been many concerns about the potential of these approaches to cause harm to the patients. In addition, evidence also shows some associated barriers and challenges to these approaches that need to be considered by healthcare authorities when planning for such approaches. The present literature review discusses annual adult health screening programs' effectiveness, barriers, and challenges. There is no doubt that these screening programs can help identify undiagnosed disorders among many patients with various conditions, like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and different cancers. Moreover, the effectiveness of these screening programs can be best highlighted by the premarital screening program in Saudi Arabia, which targets high-risk couples for developing certain conditions and infections. However, it should be noted that there are many barriers and challenges to conducting health screening campaigns, like cultural and economic factors. Other challenges might also include the rates of false-positive tests, overdiagnosis, and knowledge about the screening programs.

Colonoscopy later than 270 days in a fecal immunochemical test-based population screening program is associated with higher prevalence of colorectal cancer

Endoscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 871-876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Zorzi ◽  
Cesare Hassan ◽  
Giulia Capodaglio ◽  
Maddalena Baracco ◽  
Giulio Antonelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunochemical Test

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programs based on fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) generate substantial pressure on colonoscopy capacity in Europe. Thus, a relevant proportion of FIT-positive patients undergo colonoscopy after the recommended 30-day interval, which may be associated with an excess CRC risk. Methods In a cohort of 50–69-year-old patients undergoing biennial rounds of FIT (OC-Hemodia latex agglutination test; cutoff 20 µg hemoglobin/g feces) between 2004 and 2017, we assessed the outcome at colonoscopy (low/high risk adenoma/CRC/advanced stage CRC) among FIT-positive patients, according to different time intervals. The association of each outcome with waiting time, and demographic and clinical factors, was analyzed through multivariable analysis. Results 123 138/154 213 FIT-positive patients (79.8 %) underwent post-FIT colonoscopy. Time to colonoscopy was ≤ 30 days, 31–180 days, and ≥ 181 days in 50 406 (40.9 %), 71 724 (58.3 %), and 1008 (0.8 %) patients, respectively. At colonoscopy, CRC, high risk adenoma, and low risk adenoma were diagnosed in 4813 (3.9 %), 30 500 (24.8 %), and 22 986 (18.7 %) patients, respectively. An increased CRC prevalence at colonoscopy was observed for a time to colonoscopy of ≥ 270 days (odds ratio [OR] 1.75, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.15–2.67), whereas it was stable for waiting times of < 180 days. The proportion of advanced CRC also increased after 270 days (OR 2.79, 95 %CI 1.03–7.57). No increase for low or high risk adenomas according to time to colonoscopy was observed. Conclusion In a European FIT-based screening program, post-FIT colonoscopy after 9 months was associated with an increased risk of CRC and CRC progression.

scholarly journals Prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm and associated lower extremity artery aneurysm in men hospitalized for suspected or known cardiopulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hohneck ◽  
Michael Keese ◽  
Gerhard Ruemenapf ◽  
Klaus Amendt ◽  
Hannelore Muertz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Disease ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background AAA is a disease affecting predominantly male patients ≥65 years and its dreaded complications such as rupture led to population-based screening programs as preventive measure. Nonetheless, the supposed prevalence may have been overestimated, so that targeted screening of high risk populations may be more effective. This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) of an inpatient high-risk cohort and to estimate the co-prevalence of lower extremity arterial aneurysms. Methods Participants: 566 male inpatients, ≥ 65 years of age, hospitalized for suspected or known cardiopulmonary disease. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Maximal infrarenal aortic diameters using abdominal ultrasound (leading edge to leading edge method). Upon detection of an AAA (diameter ≥ 30 mm), the lower extremity arteries were examined with regard to associated aneurysms. Results In 40 of 566 patients (7.1%) AAAs were detectable. Fourteen patients (2.5%) had a first diagnosis of AAA, none of which was large (> 55 mm), the remaining 26 patients were either already diagnosed (14 patients, 2.5%) or previously repaired (12 patients, 2.1%). The three most common main diagnoses at discharge were acute coronary syndrome (43.3%), congestive heart failure (32.2%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (12%). The cohort showed a distinct cardiovascular risk profile comprising arterial hypertension (82.9%), diabetes mellitus (44.4%), and a history of smoking (57.6%). In multivariate analysis, three-vessel coronary artery disease (Odds ratio (OR): 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3–8.9, p <  0.0001) and history of smoking (OR: 3.7, CI: 1.6–8.6, p <  0.01) were positively associated with AAA, while diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.5, CI: 0.2–0.9, p = 0.0295) showed a negative association with AAA. Among the subjects with AAA, we found two large iliac and two large popliteal aneurysms. Conclusion Ultrasound screening in male inpatients, hospitalized for suspected or known cardiopulmonary disease, revealed a high AAA prevalence in comparison to the present epidemiological screening programs. There was a moderate proportion of newly-screen detected AAA and additional screening of the lower extremity arteries yielded some associated aneurysms with indication for possible intervention.

Some Considerations Pertinent to the Health Screening of Children

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Lessler
Keyword(s):  
Screening Program ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Screening Programs

The pediatrician is in a unique and powerful position, both in his own office and in his community. By taking an active role in designing, executing, and evaluating screening programs, he can help insure that resources are used economically and usefully, and that a broadened view of screening and health results in positive programs. He should insist that vital components of any screening program include intervention and dissemination of information to those who need it. To do less is to abdicate a responsibility which cannot be delegated to others, even though many screening programs are initiated and conducted by nonphysicians.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of β-Thalassemia and Other Hemoglobinopathies in Kuwaiti Premarital Screening Program: An 11-Year Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Najat Rouh AlDeen ◽  
Asmaa A Osman ◽  
Monira J Alhabashi ◽  
Rasha Al Khaldi ◽  
Hassan Alawadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Maternity Hospital ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Premarital Screening

This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of β-thalassemia and Sickle cell disorders in the adult population screened (n = 275,819) as part of the Kuwaiti National Premarital Screening Program. All the individuals who applied for a marriage license during the years 2009 and 2020 were covered by the program. A network of four reception centers in the Ministry of Health facilities and one Premarital Diagnostic Laboratory (PDL) in Maternity Hospital were involved in performing all investigations for hemoglobinopathies. The total number of individuals identified with β-thal trait was 5861 (2.12%), while 22 individuals (0.008%) were diagnosed with β-thal disease. A total of 5003 subjects (1.81%) were carrying the Sickle cell trait, while 172 subjects (0.062%) had Sickle cell disease including Sickle cell anemia (SCA). Results showed that the program succeeded indeed in preventing the marriage of 50.4% of risky couples by issuing unsafe marriage certificates. Yet more efforts are needed to improve the program’s main objective of decreasing high-risk marriages. In particular, health care systems should be ameliorated in a way to intensify the counselling mechanism for the high-risk couples, strengthen the awareness of the general population and induce earlier age screening policies.

scholarly journals Feasibility of integrating mental health screening into youth HIV Care in a Low-Middle Income Country Setting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merrian Brooks ◽  
Bathusi Phetogo ◽  
Makhetha Monyane-Pheko ◽  
Onkemetse Phoi ◽  
Ontibile Tshume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Mental Health Screening ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Screening Programs

<p><b><u>Introduction</u></b>: Youth living with HIV (YLWH) experience higher rates of mental illness than their peers. Holistic care for YLWH may involve adopting mental health screening programs into comprehensive HIV care to help identify and address mental health concerns in young people. We explored various contexts, procedures, and safety measures throughout the integration and maintenance of a mental health screening program for adolescents attending an HIV referral clinic in Gaborone, Botswana. <b><u>Methods:</u></b> Implementation goals included a safety goal of 100% appropriate referral rate for emergency cases, and a screening goal of 70% of the approximately 1100 adolescent and young adults who were clients of the clinic at least once in the one year review period. Frequent meetings with the behavioral health team and relevant clinic staff were conducted to determine when, where and how to screen the clients. Referral procedures and an emergency protocol for certain “red flag” behaviors was developed to facilitate a warm handing off to trained mental health professionals along with a backup for non-mental health clinicians to assist in the absence of the PSS team. Every other week severe score case reports were produced by the screening team to prevent loss to follow up of suicidal ideation, hallucination or very high scores. Mild to moderate cases were referred to clinicians trained in brief intervention therapy. <b><u>Results:</u></b> Of the 846 clients screened, 191 (19.2%) had severe scores. Eight (4.1%) of these 191 severe case scores were either not immediately reported, or were inappropriately referred. Two of those eight had suicidal ideation and were not immediately referred but were appropriately followed up after being identified during bimonthly implementation team meetings. Identifying a specific trained person tasked with facilitating the screening was found to be most helpful. As was training the clinicians in methods to respond to mild to moderate results, particularly during unavailability of PSS team members. A clear and detailed protocol for severe cases was also noted as a key element in keeping the screening program safe. <b><u>Conclusions:</u></b> Establishing a universal screening program in an LMIC is possible with the consideration of various contextual factors.<u></u></p>

Postmarital follow-up survey on high risk patients subjected to premarital screening program in Saudi Arabia

2010 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Al Sulaiman ◽  
Mohammad Saeedi ◽  
Ahmed Al Suliman ◽  
Tarek Owaidah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
High Risk Patients ◽  
Premarital Screening ◽  
Risk Patients

scholarly journals NF1 Patients Receiving Breast Cancer Screening: Insights from The Ontario High Risk Breast Screening Program

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nika Maani ◽  
Shelley Westergard ◽  
Joanna Yang ◽  
Anabel M. Scaranelo ◽  
Stephanie Telesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Type I ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Risk Breast

Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is caused by variants in neurofibromin (NF1). NF1 predisposes to a variety of benign and malignant tumor types, including breast cancer. Women with NF1 <50 years of age possess an up to five-fold increased risk of developing breast cancer compared with the general population. Impaired emotional functioning is reported as a comorbidity that may influence the participation of NF1 patients in regular clinical surveillance despite their increased risk of breast and other cancers. Despite emphasis on breast cancer surveillance in women with NF1, the uptake and feasibility of high-risk screening programs in this population remains unclear. A retrospective chart review between 2014–2018 of female NF1 patients seen at the Elizabeth Raab Neurofibromatosis Clinic (ERNC) in Ontario was conducted to examine the uptake of high-risk breast cancer screening, radiologic findings, and breast cancer characteristics. 61 women with pathogenic variants in NF1 enrolled in the high-risk Ontario breast screening program (HR-OBSP); 95% completed at least one high-risk breast screening modality, and four were diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. Our findings support the integration of a formal breast screening programs in clinical management of NF1 patients.

A Statistical Model for Assessing the Need for Medical Care in a Health Screening Program

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart C Hartz
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Health Screening ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Estimates ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Health Screening Program

Abstract This is a statistical model (the "multiple logistic model") for pooling data from many variables into a single probability estimate that a person examined in a health screening system requires medical care. Because discrete variables are frequently studied in health screening programs, the required assumption of multivariate normality of the predictor variables related to many statistical techniques is seldom fulfilled. A computing method is given that avoids this assumption by directly assuming the appropriateness of logistic function and obtains the corresponding maximum likelihood estimates (MLE) of the unknown parameters. Fisher’s linear discriminant function (LDF) may be used to provide the initial estimates of these parameters, which are necessary for the application of the MLE computing procedure. The algorithms to estimate these coefficients are discussed for both the LDF and MLE models, and an application of these methods to a set of data is presented and other applications of this procedure are proposed

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