Lessons for Latin America from a Comparative Education Approach: South Korea’s K-12 Education System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soohyung Lee ◽  
Anna Koh
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Education System ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Current System ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Student Achievement And Learning

South Korea is well known for its outstanding performance on international assessments of student achievement and learning. Both public and private investments are often considered key factors in this success. This paper describes the historical factors that gave rise to the current system. The paper also highlights certain features of the education system that might be useful for policymakers in Latin American and the Caribbean.

scholarly journals Realising the Vision of Technology Integration: A Case Study of K-12 Private Schools in the United Arab Emirates

2020 ◽  
pp. 251-294
Author(s):  
Kheder Mahmoud ◽  
◽  
Catherine Arden ◽  
Jennifer Donovan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Integration ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Private School ◽  
National Government ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
K 12

Heralded by the release of government policies such as Vision 2021, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has joined the worldwide impetus for the integration of Information Communications Technologies (ICTs) into its K-12 education system as a central plank of reforms to its economy and education system. This presents challenges for schools in both public and private sectors in the UAE as they strive to adhere to national government and local education authority guidelines and standards for educational innovation. Whilst the UAE Government has invested heavily to support technology integration in public schools, private schools must fund their own technology integration initiatives. In a context of strong growth in the private K-12 sector and reported high teacher turnover rates, private school leadership faces particular challenges related to decision-making about investment in suitable technologies and support systems, including teachers‖ professional development. This chapter reports some preliminary findings from a qualitative case study investigating the teacher, school and system-wide factors impacting on technology integration in selected private schools located in four Emirates. The study combines policy analysis with semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of private school K-12 educators to yield a detailed understanding of the challenges faced by private sector UAE schools in implementing technology integration in response to national government policy directives. The findings will inform the development of an implementation framework providing guidance regarding critical success factors for effective technology integration in private schools with particular implications for school leadership and teachers‖ professional learning.

scholarly journals Different histories, similar opinions? Perspectives of presidents of public and private universities on Argentina’s higher education system

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
María Fernanda Arias
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Education System ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article analyzes the opinions about the system of higher education in Argentina of presidents of private and public universities. The sample consisted of sixteen in-depth interviews with presidents of public and private universities. In the 1990s Argentina, similarly to other Latin American and European countries, initiated profound reforms of its university system The analysis of the interviews shows, that although Argentina's higher education system was traditionally organized around the ethos of public universities and only recently a new but increasingly influential private sector was developed, the opinions of the presidents of both types of universities is rather similar..  We concluded that the type of governance, public or private, is not the most influential dynamic in the opinions of the presidents of these universities, but the particular history and institutional traditions are better explanatory variables. 

Climate Policies in Latin America and the Caribbean: Success Stories and Challenges in the Fight against Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Cárdenas ◽  
Juan Pablo Bonilla ◽  
Federico Brusa
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Caribbean

This work is aimed at nontraditional climate policy actors such as the finance and planning ministries of Latin America and the Caribbean. The objective is to provide a glimpse into the existing, limited, regional examples of how effective climate policy may be achieved while also contributing to sustainable economic and social development. The objectives of this work are multiple: (i) identify regional, tested, growth-spurring policy options that also contribute to sustainable development; (ii) present public and private financial solutions that may enable a just transition; (iii) offer considerations on regionally relevant green recovery packages; (iv) frame these elements within the existing regional political economya necessary condition for effective implementation; and (v) identify existing knowledge gaps while suggesting research avenues to further support the adoption of relevant measures. The Latin American and Caribbean region is highly vulnerable to climate change. Historically, the region has adopted an “adaptation first” posture. The regions early adoption and implementation of the Paris Agreements Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) framework also led to some ambitious decarbonization plans, as well as to considerable advances in the energy and transportation sectors. As countries submit the second iteration of their NDCs, some coordinated whole-of-government approaches emerge. Notwithstanding some positive signs, plenty remains to be done in sectors such as agriculture. From an implementation perspective, the challenge remains the same: to transform ambitious objectives into measurable results.

scholarly journals Lifestyle Changes Among Medical Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Study Across Nine Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 109019812110192
Author(s):  
Francisco Perez-Dominguez ◽  
Francisca Polanco-Ilabaca ◽  
Fernanda Pinto-Toledo ◽  
Daniel Michaeli ◽  
Jadi Achiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Private Life ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Public And Private

The global pandemic caused by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) disrupted both public and private life for many. Concerning medical students, practical teaching and classrooms were substituted with a virtual curriculum. However, how this new academic environment has affected students’ health and lifestyles has yet to be studied. In this study, we surveyed 2,776 students from nine different countries about changes in their university curricula and potential alterations in their daily habits, physical health, and psychological status. We found negative changes across all countries studied, in multiple categories. We found that 99% of respondents indicated changes in their instruction delivery system, with 90% stating a transition to online education, and 93% stating a reduction or suspension of their practical activities. On average, students spent 8.7 hours a day in front of a screen, with significant differences among countries. Students reported worsened studying, sleeping, and eating habits with substantial differences in Latin American countries. Finally, the participants frequently expressed onset and increase in both mental and physical health symptoms: backache, asthenopia, irritability, and emotional instability. Altogether, these results suggest a potential risk in the health and academic performance of future doctors if these new academic modalities are maintained.

Management of Fiscal and Financial Risks Generated by PPPs: Conceptual Issues and Country Experiences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgardo C. Demaestri ◽  
Cynthia Moskovits ◽  
Jimena Chiara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Financial Risks ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Contingent Liabilities ◽  
Project Risks ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Risks Assessment

This paper discusses the main issues concerning sovereign fiscal and financial risks from public–private partnerships (PPPs) with a focus on contingent liabilities (CLs). It is based on the presentations and discussions that took place during the XI Annual Meeting of the Group of Latin American and the Caribbean Debt Management Specialists (LAC Debt Group), held in Barbados in August 2015. The main issues discussed include PPP risks assessment, institutional framework for PPP risk management, and accounting and reporting of CLs generated by PPPs. Six country cases (Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Suriname, and Turkey) are presented to illustrate experiences with different degrees of development regarding the management of risks and CLs related to PPPs. The document concludes that PPP risk management should encompass the whole lifecycle of a PPP project, risks need to be identified and CLs must be estimated and monitored, and the institutional capacity of governments to evaluate and manage PPP risks plays a central role in the successful development of PPP contracts. Although institutional capacities in this regard have improved in recent years, estimations of CLs involved in PPPs are not regularly performed, and there is still room for improvement on the assessment, measurement, registration, budgeting, and reporting of risks and CLs related to PPPs.

Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture in Latin America and the Caribbean: An Application of the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Onil Banerjee ◽  
Martin Cicowiez ◽  
Ana Rios ◽  
Cicero De Lima
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Environmental Modeling ◽  
Sectoral Output ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Agricultural Yields

In this paper, we assess the economy-wide impact of Climate Change (CC) on agriculture and food security in 20 Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries. Specifically, we focus on the following three channels through which CC may affect agricultural and non-agricultural production: (i) agricultural yields; (ii) labor productivity in agriculture, and; (iii) economy-wide labor productivity. We implement the analysis using the Integrated Economic-Environmental Model (IEEM) and databases for 20 LAC available through the OPEN IEEM Platform. Our analysis identifies those countries most affected according to key indicators including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), international commerce, sectoral output, poverty, and emissions. Most countries experience negative impacts on GDP, with the exception of the major soybean producing countries, namely, Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. We find that CC-induced crop productivity and labor productivity changes affect countries differently. The combined impact, however, indicates that Belize, Nicaragua, Guatemala and Paraguay would fare the worst. Early identification of these hardest hit countries can enable policy makers pre-empting these effects and beginning the design of adaptation strategies early on. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, only Argentina, Chile and Uruguay would experience small increases in emissions.

Matching Returning Donors to Projects on Philanthropic Crowdfunding Platforms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicheng Song ◽  
Zhuoxin Li ◽  
Nachiketa Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Econometric Model ◽  
Current System ◽  
Personalized Recommendation ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Structural Econometric Model ◽  
Structural Econometric ◽  
Data Period

We propose an approach to match returning donors to fundraising campaigns on philanthropic crowdfunding platforms. It is based on a structural econometric model of utility-maximizing donors who can derive both altruistic (from the welfare of others) and egoistic (from personal motivations) utilities from donating—a unique feature of philanthropic giving. We estimate our model using a comprehensive data set from DonorsChoose.org—the largest crowdfunding platform for K–12 education. We find that the proposed model more accurately identifies the projects that donors would like to donate to on their return in a future period, and how much they would donate, than popular personalized recommendation approaches in the literature. From the estimated model, we find that primarily egoistic factors motivate over two-thirds of the donations, but, over the course of the fundraising campaign, both motivations play a symbiotic role: egoistic motivations drive the funding in the early stages of a campaign when the viability of the project is still unclear, whereas altruistic motivations help reach the funding goal in the later stages. Finally, we design a recommendation policy using the proposed model to maximize the total funding each week considering the needs of all projects and the heterogeneous budgets and preferences of donors. We estimate that over the last 14 weeks of the data period, such a policy would have raised 2.5% more donation, provided 9% more funding to the projects by allocating them to more viable projects, funded 17% more projects, and provided 15% more utility to the donors from the donations than the current system. Counterintuitively, we find that the policy that maximizes total funding each week leads to higher utility for the donors over time than a policy that maximizes donors’ total utility each week. The reason is that the funding-maximizing policy focuses donations on more viable projects, leading to more funded projects, and, ultimately, higher realized donors’ utility. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.

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