Ocean Energy in the Caribbean: Technology Review, Potential Resource and Project Locational Guidance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sweyn Johnston ◽  
John McGlynn ◽  
Veronica R. Prado ◽  
Joseph Williams
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Ocean Energy ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Ocean Thermal Energy ◽  
Technology Review

This publication assesses the potential for deployment of the leading Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) technologies including Fixed Offshore Wind, Floating Offshore Wind, Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion across nine Countries of Interest (COI) in the Caribbean region. This is achieved by conducting a technology review, analysing resource levels in each of the COIs, and presenting the outputs of Locational Guidance work identifying preferred areas for potential future project development. This work concludes that MRE can offer a secure supply of indigenous clean energy, that resources are sufficiently abundant to meet the current and future energy demand of each of the COIs many times over, and that the leading MRE technologies are sufficiently advanced to be worthy of immediate prioritisation. This Technical Note draws on and presents outcomes from work undertaken in 2019 as part of a Technical Cooperation Agreement between the IDB and CDB under the Support for Sustainable and Resilient Projects in the Caribbean programme.

Characteristics of the Wave Slamming Forces on Jacket Structures Under Plunging Breaking Waves Based on Experimental Data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jithin Jose ◽  
Olga Podrażka ◽  
Ove Tobias Gudmestad ◽  
Witold Cieślikiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Breaking Waves ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wave Forces ◽  
Breaking Wave ◽  
Jacket Structures ◽  
Wave Slamming ◽  
Wave Properties

Due to increased energy demand and thrive for clean energy, offshore wind energy has become popular these days. A large number of offshore wind turbines supported by fixed type substructures have been installed, among which jacket structures are getting popular in recent times. The forces from breaking waves are a major concern in the design of offshore structures installed in shallow waters. However, there are only limited studies available regarding breaking wave forces on jacket structures and still there exist many uncertainties in this area. During the WaveSlam experiment carried out in 2013, a jacket structure of 1:8 scale was tested on a large number of breaking wave conditions. Wave properties and the forces on the structure were measured during the experiment. The total wave slamming forces are being filtered from the experimental measured force using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method and local slamming forces are obtained by the Frequency Response Function method. Based on these results, the peak slamming force and slamming coefficients on the jacket members are estimated. The wave parameters (wave height and period) and wave front asymmetry are obtained from measured wave properties. The variation of slamming forces and slamming coefficients with respect to these parameters are also investigated.

Performance Characteristics of Vertical-Axis Off-Shore Savonius Wind and Savonius Hydrokinetic Turbines

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parag K. Talukdar ◽  
Vinayak Kulkarni ◽  
Ujjwal K. Saha
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Hydrokinetic Turbines ◽  
Hydrokinetic Turbine

The rise in energy demand, climate change and depletion of fossil fuel, encourages the researchers to find a solution to the scarcity of clean energy. Therefore, the extraction of energy from renewable energy sources has become a topic of interest in the past few decades across the globe. Thus, harvesting the offshore wind and hydro energy and converting it to electrical power using various electromechanical devices has been a challenge. In this context, the vertical-axis Savonius wind and Savonius hydrokinetic turbines appear to be promising concept for energy conversion because of their good self-starting capability and simplicity in design. The present study attempts to characterize the performances of a Savonius wind turbine (SWT) and a Savonius hydrokinetic turbine (SHT) under identical input flow conditions. In order to characterize their performances, the SWT is tested in a low-speed wind tunnel with closed test section whereas the SHT is tested in an open channel flume. In each case, the torque and power coefficients are estimated at different mechanical loading conditions. It is observed that the SWT and SHT demonstrate peak power coefficients of 0.25 and 0.28 respectively for the same input power. However, the SWT is found to operate over a slightly wider range of tip-speed ratios than the SHT before the onset of stall. Finally, the computational study using ANSYS 14.5 has been carried out to evaluate the flow physics of the turbine at various azimuthal positions.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

Wind Power Assessment In The Caribbean Region Of Colombia, Using Ten-Minute Wind Observations And Era5 Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Andrés Gil Ruiz ◽  
Julio Eduardo Cañón Barriga ◽  
J. Alejandro Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Wind Power ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Understanding Technology, Fuel, Market and Policy Drivers for New York State’s Power Sector Transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Mine Isik ◽  
P. Ozge Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
New York State ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Power Sector ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Energy System Modeling

A thorough understanding of the drivers that affect the emission levels from electricity generation, support sound design and the implementation of further emission reduction goals are presented here. For instance, New York State has already committed a transition to 100% clean energy by 2040. This paper identifies the relationships among driving factors and the changes in emissions levels between 1990 and 2050 using the logarithmic mean divisia index analysis. The analysis relies on historical data and outputs from techno-economic-energy system modeling to elucidate future power sector pathways. Three scenarios, including a business-as-usual scenario and two policy scenarios, explore the changes in utility structure, efficiency, fuel type, generation, and emission factors, considering the non-fossil-based technology options and air regulations. We present retrospective and prospective analysis of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions for the New York State’s power sector. Based on our findings, although the intensity varies by period and emission type, in aggregate, fossil fuel mix change can be defined as the main contributor to reduce emissions. Electricity generation level variations and technical efficiency have relatively smaller impacts. We also observe that increased emissions due to nuclear phase-out will be avoided by the onshore and offshore wind with a lower fraction met by solar until 2050.

Wider Caribbean Region—A Pivotal Time to Strengthen Regional Instruments For Biodiversity Conservation

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lausche
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Global Environment Facility ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Specially Protected Areas

AbstractThe countries of the Wider Caribbean Region (WCR) are linked economically by their transboundary living marine resources. The region is facing a continued decline of these resources. Science is improving our understanding of the human contributions to this decline, but national policies and programmes have not kept pace with this understanding. The Caribbean Regional Seas Programme and its Cartagena Convention and Protocols provide the regional legal framework for protection and sustainable management of the WCR's living marine and coastal resources. This article focuses on the Cartagena Convention's Protocol for biodiversity conservation, the Protocol Concerning Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW), arguing that governments and organizations need to significantly increase participation in this regional treaty regime to effectively address transboundary environmental challenges. A new initiative, the Global Environment Facility-supported Caribbean Large Marine Ecosystem project, will help in this effort. International policy supports strengthened regional seas programmes. It is now imperative for all levels and sectors to assist governments in strengthening this important treaty regime for biodiversity conservation in the Wider Caribbean Region.

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