scholarly journals Inhibition of corneal neovascularization by topical application of nintedanib in rabbit models

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1666-1673
Author(s):  
Juan Chen ◽  
◽  
Wei Du ◽  
Xin Tang ◽  
Wen-Zhen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Group 1

AIM: To evaluate the potential efficacy and mechanisms of nintedanib in corneal neovascularization (NV) in rabbit models. METHODS: Corneal NV was induced using 1 mol/L NaOH. Rabbits (n=21) were randomized to 3 groups: Group 1 were treated with 0.9% NaCl, Group 2 with Avastin (5 mg/mL), and Group 3 with nintedanib (1 mg/mL). All treatments started 1d after alkaline burns and were topically performed 3 times a day for 2wk. Photographs were taken on a slit lamp microscope on day 7 and 14. The NV area, the length of the vascularization and angiogenesis index (AI) were used to evaluate the corneal NV. On day 14, the immunohistochemical (IHC) studies of the cornea were examined. Western blot was performed to test the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Akt, p-Akt, P38, p-P38, MMP-2 and MMP-9. RESULTS: The corneal NV area, vessel length and AI in Group 3 were significantly lower than Group 2, with both being lower than Group 1. IHC staining showed that VEGF was significantly overexpressed in the epithelium and stroma of cornea following alkaline burns. In contrast, the level of VEGF was significantly suppressed in both Group 2 and Group 3. Western blot results further confirmed that, compared with Group 1, Group 3 had significantly reduced expressions of VEGF, Akt, p-Akt, p-P38, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in corneal tissues. Trends of lower levels of MMP-2, AKT, and p-AKT in Group 3 than Group 2 were identified. CONCLUSION: Nintedanib and Avastin can effectively inhibit corneal NV, with P38 MAPK and AKT signaling pathways being possibly involved. Nintedanib seems more effective than Avastin and has the potential to be a novel therapy for preventing corneal NV.

scholarly journals Increase in the Population of Patients with Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Who Underwent Long-Term Active Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Kook Baek ◽  
Jae Hui Kim ◽  
Jong Woo Kim ◽  
Chul Gu Kim
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Group 1

Abstract To investigate changes in the size of the population of patients who are receiving long-term, active treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This retrospective, observational study included 3,380 patients who received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections (3,974 eyes). The injections performed were divided into the following three groups: group 1, injections performed right after the initial diagnosis; group 2, injections performed <24 months; and group 3, injection performed ≥24 months. Time-dependent changes in the proportion of injections in each group were analyzed. The total number of injections markedly increased from 431 in the 1st quarter of 2014 to 1,323 in the 4th quarter of 2018. There were significant changes in the proportion of injections in each group over time (P < 0.001). The proportions of group 1, group 2, and group 3 in the 1st quarter of 2014 were 17.4%, 65.4%, and 17.2%, respectively. The proportions changed to 10.6%, 50.2%, and 39.5% in the 4th quarter of 2018, respectively. The marked increase in the proportions of group 3 may suggest an increase in the patient population that underwent long-term active treatment. The socioeconomic influence of this trend should be considered when establishing future strategies for neovascular AMD.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Corneal Neovascularization by Topical and Subconjunctival Tigecycline

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sertan Goktas ◽  
Ender Erdogan ◽  
Rabia Sakarya ◽  
Yasar Sakarya ◽  
Mustafa Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topical Administration ◽  
Corneal Neovascularization ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. To investigate the effects of topical and subconjunctival tigecycline on the prevention of corneal neovascularization.Materials and Methods. Following chemical burn, thirty-two rats were treated daily with topical instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 1) or subconjunctival instillation of 1 mg/mL tigecycline (group 3) for 7 days. Control rats received topical (group 2) or subconjunctival (group 4) 0.9% saline. Digital photographs of the cornea were taken on the eighth day after treatment and analyzed to determine the percentage area of the cornea covered by neovascularization. Corneal sections were analyzed histopathologically.Results. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization in groups 1 and 3 were 48% (95% confidence interval (CI), 44.2–55.8%) and 33.5% (95% CI, 26.6–39.2%), respectively. The median percentages of corneal neovascularization of groups 1 and 3 were significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.03andP<0.001, resp.). Histologic examination of samples from groups 1 and 3 showed lower vascularity than that of control groups.Conclusion. Topical and subconjunctival administration of tigecycline seems to be showing promising therapeutic effects on the prevention of corneal neovascularization. Furthermore, subconjunctival administration of tigecycline is more potent than topical administration in the inhibition of corneal neovascularization.

scholarly journals Indications of Intravitreal Injection of Bevacizumab in a sample of Iraqi patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Zaid R. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Retinal Disease ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Vein Occlusion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factors ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anti-vascular endothelial growth factors commonly used intravitreally for treatment of variable retinal disease worldwide, which help to regulate the upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factors due to ischemia or/and other retinal insult. Objective: To review all cases of intravitreal bevacizumab given in the retinal unit of the Eye Specialty Private Hospital in Iraq from December 2015 to June 2016, pointing out the common indications. Methods: A retrospective study including all cases of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab recorded at the Eye Specialty Private Hospital from December 2015 to June 2016 were retrieved. Age, sex, laterality, diagnosis and the indication for injection were recorded in the data sheet prepared for the study.. The indications for intravitreal injection of bevacizumab are classified into four groups: Group 1: Intravitreal injection for diabetic complications. Group 2: Intravitreal injection for retinal vein occlusion. Group 3: Intravitreal injection for choroidal neovascul-arization Group 4: Intravitreal injection for other retinal disease. Results: A total of 306 patients underwent intravitreal injection of bevacizumab were enrolled in the study period. The most common indication was group 1 (intravitreal injection for diabetic complications [213 patients (69.6%)] followed by group 3 (choroidal neovascularization) [45 patients (14.7%)] and then group 2 (intravitreal injection for retinal vein occlusion) [42 patients (13.7%)] and lastly group 4 (intravitreal injection for other retinal disease) represent [6 patients (1.96%)].  Conclusion The most common indication for intravitreal bevacizumab was diabetic retino-pathy that need more care for early diagnosis and treatment of diabetic retinopathy and good screening programs to avoid complications.

scholarly journals Assessment of vascular endothelial function in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mejia-Renteria ◽  
A Travieso ◽  
A Sagir ◽  
E Martinez-Gomez ◽  
A Carrascosa-Granada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Past Infection ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as a means to enter the host. High density of ACE2 receptor in vascular endothelial cells may explain why vascular complications related to endothelial dysfunction occur in COVID-19. However, in vivo assessment of vascular endothelial function during COVID-19 has not been reported. Objective To investigate the vascular endothelial function and its temporal changes in COVID-19 patients. Methods In this prospective blinded study, systemic endothelial function was assessed using plethysmography-derived peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). The reactive hyperemia index (LnRHI), a measure of endothelium-mediated hyperaemia, and the augmentation index, a measure of arterial vascular stiffness, were measured in 102 individuals across three study groups using PAT: group 1 (active infection), constituted by 20 patients hospitalised due to acute COVID-19; group 2 (past infection), constituted by 52 patients who had recovered from COVID-19; and group 3 (controls), constituted by 30 healthcare workers not infected by SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, among group 1, PAT assessment was repeated in 14 patients several weeks after recovery from acute COVID-19. PAT studies were analysed at a blinded fashion with respect to the assigned study group. Results Lower resting PAT amplitude was found in acute COVID-19 patients compared to the other groups (ratio of arterial tone signal between hyperemia to resting condition was 1.5 [interquartile range, 1.1] in group 1, 1.3 [0.3] in group 2 and 1.2 [0.3] in group 3, p=0.041). On the contrary, no significant differences between groups were found with respect to the hyperemic PAT amplitude (867.9 [486.1] in group 1, 944.7 [748.1] in group 2 and 819.3 [639.6] in group 3, p=0.444). Due to the lower resting PAT amplitude, there was a paradoxically significantly increased LnRHI during acute COVID-19 compared to past infection and controls (0.73 [0.32] vs. 0.53 [0.31] vs. 0.44 [0.23], respectively; p=0.013) (Figure A). Furthermore, among group 1 patients, LnRHI normalised markedly from acute COVID-19 to past infection stage (0.73 [0.32] vs. 0.49 [0.28], respectively; p=0.005) (Figure B). Augmentation index was significantly higher during acute COVID-19 compared to past COVID-19 and controls (9.6 [19.1] in group 1, 6.97 [18.6] in group 2 and −0.35 [20.53] in group 3; p=0.045 for COVID groups vs. controls). Conclusions Non-invasive assessment of systemic vascular endothelial function with PAT revealed significant differences between subjects with acute COVID-19, past COVID-19 and controls. Lower baseline PAT amplitude and high augmentation index suggest vasoconstriction at rest during the acute phase of COVID-19. These findings open new research opportunities to investigate the prognostic value of PAT in COVID-19 patients. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Abstract MP93: Impact of Reducing Sedentary Time on Vascular Endothelial Function in Previously Sedentary Older Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tisha M Suboc ◽  
Daniel Knabel ◽  
Scott J Strath ◽  
Mobin Malik ◽  
Allison Couillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Sedentary Time ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Function ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

Background: We have previously reported that increasing habitual moderate intensity (3-6 METs) physical activity (PA) reverses aging-associated vascular endothelial dysfunction, a surrogate marker of cardiovascular risk, in previously sedentary adults ≥ 50 years old. However, whether this relationship is in part related to a reduction in sedentary time concomitant with increased PA is unknown. Methods: A post hoc analysis on data from 96 sedentary adults ages ≥ 50 years (average age 62±7 years) who participated in a randomized control trial evaluating the impact of a 12 week intervention to increase PA was performed. The intervention aimed to increase moderate intensity PA using pedometer guidance with or without the aid of an interactive website which taught participants how to integrate PA into their daily routine. Amount and intensity of PA were measured pre- and post-intervention by accelerometer. Subjects were divided into tertiles of based on change in percent of sedentary activity (< 1. 5METs) over the study period: (1) 5% or greater reduction in sedentary time, (2) 0-4.99% reduction, and (3) increase in sedentary time. Vascular endothelial function was measured by brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD%) prior to and at the end of a 12 week intervention period. Data were analyzed by two-way mixed ANOVA with post hoc testing as appropriate. Results: Sedentary time decreased in the study population (P=0.001), driven by a 101 minute drop in sedentary time in group 1 (N=27, 653±121 to 552±100 min, P < 0.001), a 42 minute drop in group 2 (N=29, 699±92 to 657±70 min P=0.003), and a 44 minute increase in group 3 (N=40, 629±93 to 673±120 min, P =0.02). While FMD% increased in the entire study population (P=0.008), this increase was not influences by differences in the change in sedentary time (P=0.73, group 1: 5.4±2.9 to 7.0±3.6%, group 2: 5.7±2.9 to 6.9±4.3%, group 3: 6.0±2.5 to 6.7±3.6%). No differences in endothelium-independent vasodilation were seen. Using equal tertiles for change in sedentary time or higher thresholds for reductions in sedentary time (7.5% or 10%) for group 1 did not alter these results. Conclusion: Increasing moderate intensity PA improves endothelial function in adults ≥ 50 years but this improvement is not associated with the reduction in the amount of sedentary time. Greater than a 10% reduction in the amount of sedentary time may be necessary to see its favorable impact on the vascular endothelium.

scholarly journals P1001RENAL DAMAGE ASSOCIATED WITH INTRAVITREAL ADMINISTRATION OF ANTI-VEGF DRUGS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernandez-Vidal ◽  
Candela Moliz ◽  
Beatriz Redondo ◽  
Teresa Bada Bosch ◽  
Lucia Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Median Dose ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background and Aims Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti-VEGF) have been shown to be effective in the treatment of macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. It is known that systemic administration of these drugs can produce adverse renal effects, such as decreased glomerular filtration rate (eFGR), proteinuria, hypertension or thrombotic microangiopathy. However, there is little information about it when the administration is intravitreal. The aim of this study was analyzed the effect of anti-VEGF drugs on renal function and proteinuria. Method Observational and prospective study on diabetic patients, which were divided into two groups: non-cronic kidney disease (CKD) (group 1) and CKD (group 2). We analyzed clinical and analytical variables during follow-up. Results We included 45 diabetic patients (55.6% males) with a median age of 75 (50-91) years. Forty one patients (91.1%) were hypertensive and thirty three (73.3%) were CKD patients. Twenty six (57.8%) received bevazicumab, while the rest (42.2%) received ranibizumab, with a median dose of 6 (1-22). The median follow-up was 25 (9-94) months. The evolution of eFGR and albuminuria are described in Figure 1, where it stands out the increase in albuminuria in group 2. Regarding the drug type, there were no differences. Within the CKD group, one patient presented two episodes of decompensation of heart failure after the administration of an anti-VEGF drug, and two required the initiation of renal replacement therapy. Conclusion Based on the results of our cohort, we believe that it would be advisable to establish a closer monitoring in diabetic patients who are administered an intravitreal anti-VEGF drug, with determination of renal function as well as albuminuria to establish an early diagnosis of possible complications.

scholarly journals Pathogenetic treatment of patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis and accompanying neurological pathology: our experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Valentin N. Krupin ◽  
Alexey V. Krupin ◽  
Anna N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Bacterial Prostatitis ◽  
Potential Efficacy ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
Pathogenetic Therapy ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Magnetic Therapy ◽  
Group 1

A total of 127 patients (mean age 38.1 ± 7.8 years) with chronic bacterial prostatitis who had concomitant neurologic diseases were treated. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (n = 47) included those with pain of the upper lumbar spine and myofascial syndrome; group 2 (n= 41), those with disorders of general and peripheral autonomic tone with vascular disorders in the pelvis; and group 3 (n = 39), those with disorders of the joints of the pelvic girdle, ligaments, and muscles of the pelvic floor. Treatment was given for the specific neurologic and hemodynamic disorders identified. No antibiotic therapy was prescribed. Patients in group 1 were prescribed pathogenetic therapy, including manual and regional therapy (for effects on the sclerotome and myotome), as well as medical correction of hemodynamics, physiothe rapy, psychotherapy, and hyperbaric oxygenation. Group 2 received treatment aimed at correcting autonomic innervation, including medications and magnetic therapy. Patients in group 3 were prescribed specific therapy aimed at eliminating pain-provoking factors, medications, massage, physiotherapy, manual therapy, therapeutic exercises, and reflex therapy. Treatment was associated with a decrease in the severity of pain and improvement of pelvic hemodynamics in patients in all 3 groups. Thus, the results indicate the potential efficacy of pathogenetic therapy for patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis with concomitant neurologic pathology.

scholarly journals Effect of a Topical Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (0.1% Pranoprofen) on VEGF and COX-2 Expression in Primary Pterygium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bangtao Yao ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Xiaogui Zhao ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Drug ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (0.1% pranoprofen) on the expression of VEGF and Cox-2 in primary pterygium.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized study. Between January 2019 and April 2020, 120 patients diagnosed with primary pterygium were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups before operation: 1) 40 patients in group 1 received topical pranoprofen 0.1% four times daily for 4 weeks, 2) 40 patients in group 2 received topical fluorometholone 0.1% four times daily for 4 weeks, and 3) patients in group 3 did not receive treatment. For each group, the age, sex, eye type, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), duration of onset, combined systemic diseases, and the results regarding vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclo-oxygen-ase-2 (COX-2) in postoperative pterygial tissues were evaluated in detail.Results: There were no significant differences regarding age, sex, eye type, combined systemic diseases, duration of onset, IOP, and BCVA within the three groups (p &gt; 0.05). The reduction of VEGF and CoX-2 expression of pterygial vascular endothelial cells in group 1 were statistically significant compared to group 2 and group 3 (p &lt; 0.05). There were significant correlations between COX-2 and VEGF expression of pterygial tissues within the three groups (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: The present findings suggested that the topical pranoprofen 0.1% could reduce the expression of VEGF and COX-2 in primary pterygium. We confirmed that treatment with pranoprofen offers advantages in early intervention and has therapeutic potential in reducing the postoperative recurrence of primary pterygium patients.Clinical Trial registration: The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry. (http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Registration Number: ChiCTR2100047726).

Effect of impaired glucose tolerance during pregnancy on the expression of VEGF receptors in human placenta

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Marini ◽  
D. Vichi ◽  
A. Toscano ◽  
G. D. Zappoli Thyrion ◽  
L. Bonaccini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Groups ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vegf Receptors ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the present study was to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in placentas from pregnancies complicated by altered glycaemia. Placentas from women with physiological pregnancies (Group 1), pregnancies complicated by minor degree of glucose intolerance (MDGI, Group 2) and by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treated with insulin (Group 3) were collected. Immunohistochemistry, RT–PCR and western blot were employed to evaluate receptor expression. In the three study groups, VEGFR-1 immunoreactivity was detected in all the placental components. VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the vessels of all the placentas from Groups 1 and 2, but only in some placentas of Group 3. VEGFR-3 reactivity was observed in all the components of Group 1; in Groups 2 and 3 reactivity was observed in some portions of the trophoblast or the whole trophoblast, and in the stroma. VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 mRNA levels in Groups 2 and 3 were significantly higher compared with Group 1, whereas those of VEGFR-3 were significantly lower. Receptor protein levels were significantly lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. These findings demonstrated dysregulation of expression of the three placental receptors, both in GDM and in MDGI.

In-vivo evaluation of the effect of cyanoacrylate on prosthetic vascular graft infection – does cyanoacrylate increase the severity of infection?

VASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-284
Author(s):  
Atıf Yolgosteren ◽  
Gencehan Kumtepe ◽  
Melda Payaslioglu ◽  
Cuneyt Ozakin
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Graft ◽  
Graft Infection ◽  
Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Prosthetic Vascular Graft Infection ◽  
Group 1

Summary. Background: Prosthetic vascular graft infection (PVGI) is a complication with high mortality. Cyanoacrylate (CA) is an adhesive which has been used in a number of surgical procedures. In this in-vivo study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between PVGI and CA. Materials and methods: Thirty-two rats were equally divided into four groups. Pouch was formed on back of rats until deep fascia. In group 1, vascular graft with polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) was placed into pouch. In group 2, MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected into pouch. In group 3, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece was placed into pouch and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. In group 4, 1 cm 2 vascular graft with PET piece impregnated with N-butyl cyanoacrylate-based adhesive was placed and MRSA strain with a density of 1 ml 0.5 MacFarland was injected. All rats were scarified in 96th hour, culture samples were taken where intervention was performed and were evaluated microbiologically. Bacteria reproducing in each group were numerically evaluated based on colony-forming unit (CFU/ml) and compared by taking their average. Results: MRSA reproduction of 0 CFU/ml in group 1, of 1410 CFU/ml in group 2, of 180 200 CFU/ml in group 3 and of 625 300 CFU/ml in group 4 was present. A statistically significant difference was present between group 1 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 2 and group 4 (p < 0.01), between group 3 and group 4 (p < 0.05). In terms of reproduction, no statistically significant difference was found in group 1, group 2, group 3 in themselves. Conclusions: We observed that the rate of infection increased in the cyanoacyrylate group where cyanoacrylate was used. We think that surgeon should be more careful in using CA in vascular surgery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document