scholarly journals The genetic structure of Pristimantis latro (Anura: Craugastoridae) mirrors traits of their life history

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (172) ◽  
pp. 729-739
Author(s):  
Gilcilene Santana-Cornélio ◽  
Elciomar Araújo-de-Oliveira ◽  
Keila Magalhães-Xavier ◽  
Gabriela Wemilly Barros-da-Silva ◽  
Luis Reginaldo Ribeiro Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Xingu River ◽  
Illegal Mining ◽  
Hydroelectric Dam ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Time Of Divergence ◽  
Anthropic Pressure

One of the main hypotheses to explain the origin of Amazonian diversity is the barrier effect of the rivers known as the riverine-barrier hypothesis, which suggests that riverine barriers isolated once continuous populations leading to differentiation and speciation. In this context, we studied the genetic structure of Pristimantis latro, a newly described species that inhabits a region under marked anthropic pressure due to expansive livestock, illegal mining, and hydroelectric dam construction. The DNA was extracted from 52 P. latro individuals and then amplified via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and COI markers. To infer the time of divergence between the P. latro localities, we built a species tree and performed an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to infer the genetic differentiation between and within the P. latro populations. We found that P. latro has a marked genetic structure in the populations of the right and left margins of the Xingu River and within the Tapajós-Xingu and Xingu-Tocantins interfluvial regions and that the time of divergence between the populations of the East and West banks of the Xingu River occurred approximately 380,000 years ago. This pattern of genetic structure corresponds to that reported in recent articles for the Pristimantis genus evidencing that species without tadpoles exhibit a genetic structure explained by the hypothesis of rivers as barriers.

scholarly journals Refractory pemphigus vulgaris associated with herpes infection: case report and review

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Luiza Figueiredo Braga Brandão ◽  
Nurimar C. Fernandes ◽  
Danielle Pereira De Oliveira Batista ◽  
Norma Santos
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Pemphigus Vulgaris ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Upper Eyelid ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hsv 1

BACKGROUND: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease characterized by blistering of the skin and mucosa, which develops due to the interaction between predisposing genetic and environmental factors. Infections caused by members of the Herpesviridae family have been suggested as a possible triggering factor for PV. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: In this report, we investigate the presence of herpesviruses in refractory lesions on the right upper eyelid. The lesion has persisted despite the treatment with corticosteroids. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis have been used to detect the DNA of HSV 1/2, VZV, EBV, CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7, and HHV-8. RESULTS: The sample collected from the right upper eyelid has tested positive for HSV 1/2. Sequence analysis has confirmed the PCR results and allowed the identification of the HSV strain as belonging to type 1. After treatment with acyclovir, the lesion of the right upper eyelid has cleared and not relapsed. CONCLUSION: When patients present PV lesions which are refractory to corticosteroid therapy, herpetic infection should be considered.

scholarly journals Adult gonococcal keratoconjunctivitis: early detection is key

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Daniel Lai ◽  
Keith Ong
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Ophthalmic Solution ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Corneal Ulceration ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Bacterial Conjunctivitis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

We describe a case of a 52-year-old male presenting with severe mucopurulent conjunctivitis of the right eye. Corneal ulceration and associated anterior chamber activity was noted later in the course of the disease. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was positive on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing earlier than traditional microscopy and culture. He was successfully treated with ceftriaxone 500 mg intravenously and azithromycin 1 g orally as single doses in addition to ofloxacin ophthalmic solution 0.3% hourly to the right eye. This case highlights the need to consider the possibility of gonococcus in cases of suspected bacterial conjunctivitis, careful monitoring for corneal involvement and the importance of early detection with PCR.

scholarly journals Vibrio cholerae non-O1 - the first reported case of keratitis in a healthy patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Dar Chen ◽  
Li-Ju Lai ◽  
Wei-Hsiu Hsu ◽  
Tsung-Yu Huang
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Corneal Ulcer ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background Vibrio cholerae non-O1 is a virulent pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality in humans. Herein, we report a case of corneal ulcer caused by this pathogen. Case presentation A 59-year-old fisherman with no systemic history was struck in the right eye by a marine shrimp and developed keratitis. Corneal scrapping culture revealed the presence of the V. cholerae non-O1, and its identification was confirmed by Analytical Profile Index 20E system and polymerase chain reaction. He was successfully treated with topical levofloxacin (0.3%) and fortified amikacin (12.5 mg/mL) for 2 weeks. The visual acuity recovered to 20/25 after treatment without complications. Conclusions This is the first case report of keratitis caused by V. cholerae non-O1 strain. Ocular injury by marine creatures and contaminated seawater can contribute to severe corneal ulcer. Early diagnosis can be achieved by meticulous history taking and a comprehensive laboratory workup. Simultaneously, an effective antibiotic therapy can lead to a positive outcome.

scholarly journals Basidiobolomycosis Simulating a Mycobacterium ulcerans Infection in a Togolese Rural Child

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayaki Saka ◽  
Waguena Gnassingbe ◽  
Garba Mahamadou ◽  
Sefako Akakpo ◽  
Julienne Teclessou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Condition ◽  
Buruli Ulcer ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Deep Mycosis ◽  
Sharp Edges ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Multiple Ulcers

Background. Basidiobolomycosis is a deep mycosis which preferentially affects rural young people in tropical countries. We report an atypical case, with multiple ulcers, simulating a Buruli ulcer. Case Report. A 5-year-old boy, living in a rural area, was seen for ulcers on the buttocks and at the back and right flank that had been in progress for 4 months. On examination, we found an infiltrated plaque with sharp edges, little painful, located on the buttocks, back, and the right flank. On this plaque, there were multiple ulcers with polycyclic contours and fibrinous bottom. There were inguinal inflammatory lymph nodes. The patient had an altered general condition. Examination of other organs was normal. The diagnosis of Buruli ulcer was evoked first; the search for Mycobacterium ulcerans by polymerase chain reaction was negative. Histology test performed revealed hypodermic granulomatous inflammation with predominant macrophage and eosinophils. The mycological culture was not done. The child was treated successfully with ketoconazole (10 mg/kg/day) during eight weeks. Discussion. Our observation shows great clinical and epidemiological similarities between basidiobolomycosis and Buruli ulcer. It confirms the efficacy of ketoconazole in severe basidiobolomycosis infection with alteration of general condition. Histopathology is very important for differential diagnosis between these two diseases.

Expression of WT1 in Pediatric Small Cell Tumors: Report of Two Cases with a Possible Mesothelial Origin

1999 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Thorner ◽  
Jeremy Squire ◽  
Natasha Plavsic ◽  
Roland Jong ◽  
Mark Greenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Rhabdoid Tumor ◽  
Round Cell ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Fetal Kidney ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Mesenchymal Phenotype ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

The WT1 gene is normally expressed in fetal kidney and mesothelium, and its expression has been suggested as a marker for Wilms tumor and mesothelioma. We examined WT1 expression levels by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 38 childhood small-cell tumors including Wilms tumor, embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, lymphoma, desmoplastic small round-cell tumor (DSRCT), synovial sarcoma, extrarenal rhabdoid tumor, and two tumors that were atypical for this group of tumors. WT1 expression was only detected in Wilms tumor, rhabdoid tumor, and in these two cases of uncertain histogenesis. Both arose in the peritoneal cavity and by immunohistochemistry were diffusely positive for vimentin, keratin, and desmin. Tonofilaments were identified by electron microscopy in one of the cases. RT-PCR failed to detect the t(11;22) translocation associated with DSRCT in either case. Our results suggest that WT1 expression is an unusual feature of childhood non-Wilms tumors and, in the right setting, it may indicate a mesothelial origin. The expression of WT1 may play a role in mesodermal cells acquiring epithelial characteristics, a concept supported by the mixed epithelial and mesenchymal phenotype of these two cases.

Conidiobolomycosis in goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana T.S.A. Macêdo ◽  
Carmo E. Biscarde ◽  
Caroline A. Pescador ◽  
Luciano Nakazato ◽  
Nathália D-S. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sagittal Section ◽  
Nasal Turbinate ◽  
Fungal Hyphae ◽  
Pelvic Limb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT: The present article presents cases of conidiobolomycosis in adult goats with clinical signs characterized by serous nasal discharge, dyspnea, apathy, and weight loss. Two goats were necropsied. Necropsy displayed increased volume on the sagittal section of the head and an ulcerated surface containing a yellow friable mass with irregular and granular consistency in the nasal septum and in the ventral nasal turbinate. One goat also presented lesions on the ear’s skin and the right pelvic limb. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by multifocal granulomas with a central necrotic area containing non-stained fungal hyphae images surrounded by a granulomatous infiltrate. Samples of the lesions examined by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction were positive for Conidiobolus lamprauges. This is the first report of conidiobolomycosis in goats, and the disease should be considered in the differential diagnoses for rhinitis and dermatitis in goats.

scholarly journals Exserohilum rostratum Keratitis in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winai Chaidaroon ◽  
Nutt Phaocharoen ◽  
Titipol Srisomboon ◽  
Nongnuch Vanittanakom
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Pigmented Lesion ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

Purpose: To report a case of fungal keratitis infected by Exserohilum rostratumin a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient. Method: A retrospective study of the HIV patient with keratomycosis caused by E. rostratumwas reviewed for history, clinical characteristics, risk factors, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes. Results: A 48-year-old man with HIV infection presented with a history of trauma with an unknown species of insect in the right eye. He also had redness and blurred vision in the right eye. Biomicroscopic examination showed white infiltrate in the right cornea. A feathery edge, satellite lesion, and brownish pigmented deposits in the epithelial surface and anterior stroma were noted. Corneal scraping specimen showed numerous large dematiaceous septate hyphae and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identified E. rostratum.Treatment was started with 5% natamycin eyedrops and oral itraconazole. The corneal lesion responded well to medication and debridement. Conclusions: Corneal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilumwas noted in an immunocompromised patient with ocular trauma. A brown pigmented lesion in an otherwise white infiltrate due to Exserohilumwas diagnosed with corneal scrapings and polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal medications and debridement were the mainstay of corneal fungal infection treatment.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis cutis orificialis with underlying pulmonary tuberculosis in an immunocompetent man

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (04) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Dey ◽  
Archana Hemant Deshpande ◽  
Sanjeev Hosdurg Bhat ◽  
Ashok Singh
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Buccal Mucosa ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Rare Form ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTTuberculosis cutis orificialis (TCO) is a rare form of tuberculosis more often secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. TCO has varied differential diagnoses and thus results in delayed diagnosis and treatment leading to serious consequences. The diagnosis of TCO is confirmed by biopsy and nucleic acid amplification tests in majority of cases. We report a case of TCO with underlying pulmonary tuberculosis in a 50-year-old male, who presented with a painful nonhealing ulcer of the right buccal mucosa. Biopsy and real-time polymerase chain reaction helped in confirming the diagnosis. The patient was treated with antitubercular therapy.

scholarly journals Coronavirus disease 19 with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial manifestations: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052095225
Author(s):  
Chun-Yang Wu ◽  
Xiao-Pin Yu ◽  
Ada Hoi Yan Ma ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Nai-Bin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Ground Glass Opacity ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Superficial Gastritis ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, an epidemic has spread rapidly worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. A 42-year-old woman presented to hospital who was suffering from epigastric discomfort and dyspepsia for the past 5 days. Before the onset of symptoms, she was healthy, and had no travel history to Wuhan or contact with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. An examination showed chronic superficial gastritis with erosion and esophagitis. Enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed a lesion in the right lower lobe of the lungs. Chest computed tomography showed multiple ground-glass opacity in the lungs. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. There was no improvement after antibiotic treatment. Polymerase chain reaction performed 2 days later was positive and she was diagnosed with COVID-19. After several days of antiviral and symptomatic treatments, her symptoms improved and she was discharged. None of the medical staff were infected. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are nonspecific, making differentiating it from other diseases difficult. This case shows the sequence in which symptoms developed in a patient with COVID-19 with gastrointestinal symptoms as initial manifestations.

scholarly journals Big Insulin-like Growth Factor 2–Producing Tumor in a Hypoglycemic Dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 432-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syunya Noguchi ◽  
Yoshiaki Kubo ◽  
Mami Araki ◽  
Miki Koh ◽  
Yuji Hamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Islet Cell Tumor ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hypoglycemic Event ◽  
Hypoglycemic Attack ◽  
Tumor Region ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Right

A 10-year-old female Papillon dog that had previously developed a mammary tumor was admitted for treatment of a hypoglycemic attack. Blood examination showed severe hypoglycemia and decreased blood insulin concentration. Computed tomography indicated multiple tumors in the cranial and caudal lobes of the right lung. These tumors were resected surgically and diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinomas by histopathologic examination. Hypoglycemia was temporarily improved after the resection, but a hypoglycemic event occurred 2 months after the surgery. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor demonstrated the expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 in tumor cells. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of high-molecular-weight (big)–insulin-like growth factor 2 in the tumor region. Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA expression was also confirmed in the tumor using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. These findings indicate the diagnosis of non–islet cell tumor-induced hypoglycemia caused by big-insulin-like growth factor 2 produced by the tumor in the dog. This report provides information on differentiating tumors that cause paraneoplastic hypoglycemia.

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