scholarly journals Improving the Passive Energy Performance of the Buildings’ Envelope in the Southern European Area: A Study on the Integration of a Tensile Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ciampi ◽  
Yorgos Spanodimitriou ◽  
Niloufar Mokhtari ◽  
Michelangelo Scorpio ◽  
Antonio Rosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Office Building ◽  
European Area ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent ◽  
East West

In this paper, the energy and environmental impacts of a passive retrofit action, involving the installation, on an office building, of a second-skin system with the external layer made of a PVC-coated polyester fabric, were evaluated in terms of primary energy saving and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. The primary energy consumption and the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions associated with the considered case studies were evaluated through the dynamic simulation software TRNSYS, across a whole year. The study was carried out considering five cities (Athens, Barcelona, Lisbon, Marseille and Naples) in five different countries in southern Europe upon varying the orientation of the two main façades of building (north-south and east-west orientation were considered). The office building was modeled in detail considering different construction characteristics upon varying the country. The simulation results highlight that the best results in terms of PES (equal to 22.4%) in Naples, while the best results in terms of CO2 (equal to 32.0 MgCO2,eq) were obtained when the building is located in Athens. In addition, the adoption of the proposed passive lightweight retrofit solution allowed the reduction of both cooling and thermal yearly energy demand up to 57.7% (Marseille) and 17.8% (Barcelona), respectively.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF SCHEDULES OF OPEN OFFICE OCCUPANTS’ PRESENCE ON BUILDING’S ENERGY DEMAND

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bielskus ◽  
Violeta Motuzienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Sustainable Buildings ◽  
Standard Case ◽  
Primary Energy Demand ◽  
Performance Calculation

Many studies show, that there is a difference between actual and design energy consumption in energy efficient and sustainable buildings. As a rule, buildings consume more energy than it has been foreseen at the design stage. Occupants’ behaviour in buildings is also identified as one of the main reasons causing the so called Performance Gap. Having mobile workstations, opened plan offices are becoming more popular in design solutions in sustainable buildings. Here we have studied one of such office spaces. Monitoring of real occupancy was performed and real occupation schedules were statistically generated. The schedules were compared to the ones given by European Standard for energy performance calculation as well as with default schedules proposed by simulation software DesignBuilder. The comparison shows a significantly lower measured occupancy compared to the above-mentioned schedules. To compare the influence of occupancy related assumptions on predicted energy demand, DesignBuilder model was created and simulated for 3 different occupancy schedules. The results have shown that primary energy demand of a building due to assumptions related with an occupancy, compared to default DesignBuilder schedules are: 111 kWh/m² (32%) higher than the standard case and 152 kWh/m² (44%) than the actual one.

scholarly journals Measurements and Simulation Study of Daylight Availability and Its Impact on the Heating, Cooling and Lighting Energy Demand in an Educational Building

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Joanna Rucińska ◽  
Adrian Trząski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Lighting Energy ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
The Impact

This paper deals with the impact of the use of daylight on the overall energy demand for heating, cooling, and lighting in educational buildings. The energy performance of buildings is currently of the utmost importance as current European regulations, starting from 31st December 2020 impose that all new buildings must meet nearly zero-energy building requirements. This paper presents a study of the illuminance distribution in an educational room obtained from measurements and simulation results using two different models. One of the models, integrated with a thermal simulation software, was used to estimate the impact of daylight on the energy demand. The analysis included the use of various window types, lighting control system, reference point location, and daylight calculation model for a sample room in an educational building. Results of the analysis indicate that, due to the high share of lighting demand (reaching up to 78% of the primary energy balance), there is a need to take into account the efficiency of lighting systems during the design process to correctly determine the actual energy balance of a building, increase the quality of the design of lighting systems, as well as to select the optimal parameters of windows.

Analysis of Energy Sources on Energy Indicators Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Anton Pitonak ◽  
Martin Lopusniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Class ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Global Indicator

In the members states of the European Union, portion of buildings in the total consumption of energy represents 40%, and their portion in CO2 emissions fluctuates around 35%. The European Union is trying to protect the environment by reducing energy demand and releasing CO2 emissions into the air. Energy performance is the quantity of energy, which is necessary for heating and domestic hot water production, for cooling and ventilation and for lighting. Based on results of energy performance, individual buildings are classified into energy classes A to G. A global indicator (primary energy) is the decisive factor for final evaluation of the building. The new building must meet minimum requirements for energy performance, i.e. it must be classified to energy class A1 since 2016, and to energy class A0 since 2020. The paper analyses effect of the use of different resources of heat in a family house designed according to requirements valid since 2020, and its subsequent classification into an energy class.

scholarly journals Transformation of an Office Building into a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB): Implications for Thermal and Visual Comfort and Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Ballarini ◽  
Giovanna De Luca ◽  
Argun Paragamyan ◽  
Anna Pellegrino ◽  
Vincenzo Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Indoor Environmental Quality ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Efficiency Measures

Directive 2010/31/EU promotes the refurbishment of existing buildings to change them into nearly zero-energy buildings (nZEBs). Within this framework, it is of crucial importance to guarantee the best trade-off between energy performance and indoor environmental quality (IEQ). The implications of a global refurbishment scenario on thermal and visual comfort are assessed in this paper pertaining to an existing office building. The retrofit actions applied to achieve the nZEB target consist of a combination of envelope and technical building systems refurbishment measures, involving both HVAC and lighting. Energy and comfort calculations were carried out through dynamic simulation using Energy Plus and DIVA, for the thermal and visual performance assessments, respectively. The results point out that energy retrofit actions on the building envelope would lead to significant improvements in the thermal performance, regarding both energy savings (−37% of the annual primary energy for heating) and thermal comfort. However, a daylighting reduction would occur with a consequent higher electricity demand for lighting (36%). The research presents a detailed approach applicable to further analyses aimed at optimizing the energy efficiency measures in order to reduce the imbalance between visual and thermal comfort and to ensure the best performance in both domains.

The Statistical Verification of Significance of Airtightness and Energy Performance

2015 ◽  
Vol 789-790 ◽  
pp. 1181-1184
Author(s):  
Michal Kraus ◽  
Kateřina Kubeková ◽  
Darja Kubečková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Energy Efficient Buildings ◽  
Statistical Verification ◽  
Low Energy Consumption

The main objective of the paper is to confirm or exclude a statistically significant impact of airtightness on the energy performance of buildings. Energy performance of buildings is characterized by a specific energy demand for heating and specific total primary energy. Airtightness is one of the key factors of energy efficient buildings. The quality of airtight building envelope except for low energy consumption also minimizes the risk of damage to the structure associated with the spread of the heat and water vapor in the structure.

scholarly journals LEED Canada energy performance modelling of a medical office building using Carrier HAP and NRCan EE4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Nouman Saeed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Performance Modelling ◽  
Medical Office ◽  
Specific Goal

The specific goal of this project is to model the energy performance of a medical office building in Carrier HAP and NRCan EE4 simulation software in order to qualify for LEED Canada energy and atmosphere perquisite 2 and credit 1. LEED Canada requires that to be eligible for EAp2 and EAc1, the proposed building must be 25% more energy efficient than a reference building which is designed according to Model National Energy Code for Buildings (MNECB). The demise of EE4 has created a demanding need to look for substitute software. One of the tasks of the project is to analyze HAP for EAp2 and EAc1 compliance process. EE4 generates the MNECB reference building itself but in HAP the reference building has to be modelled manually. The results from HAP and EE4 show that energy savings are 39.10% and 38.31% respectively with respect to MNECB reference building.

scholarly journals Multiscale Modelling Approach Targeting Optimisation of PCM into Constructive Solutions for Overheating Mitigation in Buildings

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8009
Author(s):  
António Figueiredo ◽  
Romeu Vicente ◽  
Rui Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Rodrigues ◽  
António Samagaio
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Detached House ◽  
Global Energy Supply

Nowadays, the rising gap between the global energy supply and demand is a well-known circumstance in society. Exploring the solution to invert this tendency leads to several different scenarios of energy demand saving strategies that can be improved using phase change materials (PCM), especially in cold-formed steel-framed buildings. The present research reports the overheating (indoor air temperature above 26 °C expressed as an annualized percentage rate) reduction in south-oriented compartments and energy performance of a detached house located in the Aveiro region, in Portugal. An optimisation study was performed incorporating different phase change materials (PCMs) solutions and their position in the exterior envelope focusing overheating rate reduction and heating demand. The optimisations were managed by using a hybrid evolutionary algorithm coupled with EnergyPlus® simulation software. The overheating risk was reduced by up to 24% in the cooling season, for the case of the building compartments with south orientation. Thus, the use of construction solutions using PCMs with different melting temperatures revealed to be a good strategy to maximise PCM efficiency as a passive solution.

scholarly journals Evaluation in Carbon Dioxide Equivalent and CHG Emissions for Water and Energy Management in Water Users Associations. A Case Study in the Southeast of Spain

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3536
Author(s):  
Amparo Melián-Navarro ◽  
Antonio Ruiz-Canales
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Water Users ◽  
Precise Quantification ◽  
Energy Audits ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Equivalent

Agriculture is an activity linked to the environment and has a great influence on climate change. As more and more crops are producing in less time, agricultural production is intensified and water consumption and energy demand is increasing. Since the energy consumed is not renewable, greenhouse gases (GHG) are emitted and their concentration in the atmosphere increases. The objective of this article is to apply various methodologies for the precise quantification of the carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2-eq) and GHG emissions in the management of irrigation water and energy in ten water user’s associations (WUAs) in the southeast of Spain. All the studied WUAs include irrigation facilities. This paper is based on obtained data in different water and energy audits during 2017. The concept of “irrigation water management” considered in the article covers the process from its extraction through management data to its transport and application to crops through irrigation systems, as well as the reception of water. The way in which water and energy is used to irrigate crops is taken into account. Moreover, the type of energy used for irrigation and at what moment energy is demanded influence the total amount of generated GHG emissions. The tariff periods for electricity and the water needs of the crops planted also has to be taken into account, as well as the economic emissions valuation.

Architectural Elements with Respect to the Energy Performance of Buildings

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rastislav Ingeli ◽  
Katarína Minarovičová ◽  
Miroslav Čekon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Zero Energy Building ◽  
Very High Energy ◽  
Building Operation

Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)

scholarly journals Energy Performances Assessment of Extruded and 3D Printed Polymers Integrated into Building Envelopes for a South Italian Case Study

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ciampi ◽  
Yorgos Spanodimitriou ◽  
Michelangelo Scorpio ◽  
Antonio Rosato ◽  
Sergio Sibilio
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
3D Printed

Plastic materials are increasingly becoming used in the building envelope, despite a lack of investigation on their effects. In this work, an extruded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene panel has been tested as a second-skin layer in a ventilated facade system using a full-scale facility. The experimental results show that it is possible to achieve performances very similar to conventional materials. A numerical model has then been developed and used to investigate the performances of plastic and composite polymer panels as second-skin layers. The experimental data has been used to verify the behavior of the numerical model, from a thermal point of view, showing good reliability, with a root mean square error lower than 0.40 °C. This model has then been applied in different refurbishment cases upon varying: the polymer and the manufacturing technology (extruded or 3D-printed panels). Eight refurbishment case studies have been carried out on a typical office building located in Napoli (Italy), by means of a dynamic simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed actions allow the reduction of the thermal and cooling energy demand (up to 6.9% and 3.1%, respectively), as well as the non-renewable primary energy consumption (up to 2.6%), in comparison to the reference case study.

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