scholarly journals INHERITANCE OF THE "MASS OF 1000 GRAINS" PROPERTIES OF SPRING SOFT WHEAT IN DIALLEL CROSSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
А. I. Menibaev ◽  
◽  
А. А. Zueva ◽  
S. N. Shevchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Feature Values ◽  
Milling Properties ◽  
Statistical Effects ◽  
Dominant Genes

Weight of 1000 grains - one of the component characteristics of yield is included in the group of main characteristics that are used for wheat breeding. In addition, the weight of the grain along with its performance is a sign of grain quality, largely determining its milling properties. The aim of the research is to determine the inheritance of a trait in the system of diallel crosses. The research was performed on the experimental field of the Samara research Institute in 2016-2018. The following varieties from the Ekada program were studied: Arhat, Estivum 1079, Estivum 1311, Omskaya 36, Ekada 148, Ekada 113, and Ekada 204. The varieties selected for the study were characterized by stable yield and significant differences in the studied feature-the mass of 1000 grains. Sowing was carried out manually on single-row plots 1 meter long with rows of 20 centimeters of 20 grains, rendomized blocks in three-fold repetition. Phenological observations were noted for the phases of development: tillering, earing and maturation. The results were analyzed using the B. I. Hayman method. As a result, the following genetic and statistical effects were revealed: 1) the functioning of epistatic interactions based on the genetic systems of Arhat and Ekada148 varieties; 2) directed dominance, dominant genes increase feature values ; 3) dominant and recessive alleles are distributed asymmetrically across varieties, with the predominance of dominant alleles in the population as a whole; 4)interaction in locuses between alleles occurs with the demontration of superdominant effects; 5) the additive component was significant in all environments, which implies good heritability of the trait; 6) varieties Estivum 1079 and Ekada 204 carry the maximum number of dominant alleles in all environments and are donors of dominant alleles that increase the trait.

EPISTATIC BIAS IN ADDITIVE AND DOMINANCE VARIATION AND GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN TWO QUALITY TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. S. Bains ◽  
K. S. Gill ◽  
K. L. Sehgal
Keyword(s):  
Grain Protein ◽  
Asymmetric Distribution ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Genetic Associations ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Dominance Variation

Grain protein and Pelshenke value in 8 × 8 diallel crosses and after eliminating the interacting arrays were genetically analysed. All the dominance variation for grain protein was due to epistatic interactions. The dominance component for Pelshenke value was considerably inflated by epistasis. For both characters, the dominance component was affected more by the epistatic bias than the additive component of genetic variance, resulting in considerably low narrow-sense heritability estimates. Covariance between grain protein and Pelshenke value was primarily due to additive gene effects and was attributed to pleiotropic relationships in the absence of genetic linkage. An ambidirectional trend of dominance with an asymmetric distribution of dominant and recessive alleles among the cultivars was observed for grain protein, whereas preponderance of the dominant decreasing genes with more isodirectional gene distribution was operative for Pelshenke value. Correlated responses of these quality traits to selection due to high additive genetic correlation and degree of co-inheritance in relation to their gene action is stressed.

scholarly journals Genetic variability components of some quantitative traits of winter oilseed rape - Brassica napus L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Marinkovic ◽  
Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽  
Dragana Vasic
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
High Heritability ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Number Of Branches

Analysis of genetic variance components for number of leaves and branches per plant and stem diameter was done according to the method of HAYMAN (1954). Heritability in narrow (h2a) and broad (h2b) sense was determined for the same traits, using the method of Mather and Jinks (1971). Non-additive component of genetic variance was greater than additive component in all three studied traits. Dominant and recessive genes were not equally distributed in parent genotypes, with dominant genes prevailing. Ratio (H1/D)1/2 was higher than 1 in all three tested traits. Calculated values for heritability in narrow sense showed that stem diameter and number of branches per plant are traits with low heritability, and number of leaves per plant a trait with the high heritability. Heritability in a broad sense Was high for all three tested traits.

scholarly journals Theory and analysis of partial diallel crosses

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Marcelo Soriano Viana ◽  
Cosme Damião Cruz ◽  
Antonio Américo Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Relative Number ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Recessive Genes ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Partial Diallel

This study presents theory and analysis of partial diallel crosses based on Hayman's methods. This genetic design consists of crosses among two parental groups. It should be used when there are two groups of parents, for example, dent and flint maize inbred lines, and the breeder is not interested in the assessment of crosses between parents of the same group. Analyses are carried out using data from the parents and their F1 hybrids allowing a detailed characterization of the polygenic systems under study and the choice of parents for hybridization. Diallel analysis allows the estimation of genetic and non-genetic components of variation and genetic parameters and to assess the following: genetic variability in each group; genotypic differences between parents of distinct groups; if a parent has a common or a rare genotype in the group to which it does not belong; if there is dominance; if dominant genes increase or decrease trait expression (direction of dominance); average degree of dominance in each group; the relative importance of mean effects of genes and dominance in determining a trait; if, in each group, the allelic genes have the same frequency; if genes are equally frequent in the two groups; the group with the greatest frequency of favorable genes; the group in which dominant genes are most frequent; the relative number of dominant and recessive genes in each parent; if a parent has a common or a rare genotype in the group to which it belongs, and the genotypic differences between parents of the same group. An example with common bean varieties is considered.

scholarly journals UPDATE ON SUNFLOWER BROOMRAPESITUATION IN SPAIN: RACIAL STATUS AND SUNFLOWER BREEDING FOR RESISTANCE / ACTUALIZACIÓN DE LA SITUACION DEL JOPO DE GIRASOL EN ESPAÑA: STATUS RACIAL Y MEJORA DEL GIRASOL PARA RESISTENCIA / SITUATION DE L’OROBANCHE ET DU TOURNESOL EN ESPAGNE: RACES ET SÉLECTION POUR LA RÉSISTANCE

Helia ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (33) ◽  
pp. 45-56
Author(s):  
J.M. Melero-Vara ◽  
J. Domínguez ◽  
J.M. Fernández-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Subsequent Change ◽  
Complete Resistance ◽  
New Race ◽  
Dominant Genes

SUMMARY A review of the racial situation of Orobanche cumana in Spain and of several studies on sunflower resistance to broomrape is presented. In the nineties, populations of O.cumana attacking sunflower crops in Spain have evolved first towards the increase in frequency of race B simultaneous to the decrease of race A. Later, race E has appeared with increasing frequency. However, the subsequent change to resistant hybrids carrying the Or5 gene has prompted the recent appearance of a new race (race F) that overcomes this resistance gene, and is expanding mainly in southern Spain. Collections of cultivated P.I. accessions tested for resistance to races E or F indicated a low frequency of entries resistant or segregating for resistance. A low frequency of resistance was also observed in accessions of wild annual species. Among 18 species, only H.agrestis and H.anomalus showed full resistance to both races, whereas H.debilis ssp. cucumerifolius and H.exilis segregated. Lines breeding true for resistance, derived from H.anomalus, H.exilis and H.debilis have been produced. In contrast, inoculation of races E and F to wild perennials resulted in complete resistance in 74% of the species, and segregation for resistance to race F in 11%. The transference of resistance from wild perennial species into cultivated sunflower is, however, much more difficult than that of annuals. Embryo rescue and chromosome doubling techniques were often required. Although inheritance studies indicated dominance and one single gene involved in the resistance to races A and E in most crosses, two dominant genes, epistatic interactions and reversal in the dominance were observed in some cases.

scholarly journals Sex-specific evolution of a Drosophila sensory system via interacting cis- and trans-regulatory changes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Luecke ◽  
Gavin R Rice ◽  
Artyom Kopp
Keyword(s):  
Sensory System ◽  
Phenotypic Evolution ◽  
Regulatory Evolution ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
Regulatory Architecture ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Cis And Trans ◽  
Increased Activity

The evolution of gene expression via cis-regulatory changes is well established as a major driver of phenotypic evolution. However, relatively little is known about the influence of enhancer architecture and intergenic interactions on regulatory evolution. We address this question by examining chemosensory system evolution in Drosophila. D. prolongata males show a massively increased number of chemosensory bristles compared to females and males of sibling species. This increase is driven by sex-specific transformation of ancestrally mechanosensory organs. Consistent with this phenotype, the Pox neuro transcription factor (Poxn), which specifies chemosensory bristle identity, shows expanded expression in D. prolongata males. Poxn expression is controlled by non-additive interactions among widely dispersed enhancers. Although some D. prolongata Poxn enhancers show increased activity, the additive component of this increase is slight, suggesting most changes in Poxn expression are due to epistatic interactions between Poxn enhancers and trans-regulatory factors. Indeed, the expansion of D. prolongata Poxn enhancer activity is only observed in cells that express doublesex (dsx), the gene that controls sexual differentiation in Drosophila and also shows increased expression in D. prolongata males due to cis-regulatory changes. Although expanded dsx expression may contribute to increased activity of D. prolongata Poxn enhancers, this interaction is not sufficient to explain the full expansion of Poxn expression, suggesting that cis-trans interactions between Poxn, dsx, and additional unknown genes are necessary to produce the derived D. prolongata phenotype. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of epistatic gene interactions for evolution, particularly when pivotal genes have complex regulatory architecture.

scholarly journals The effect of genetic parameters on inheritance of the first pod hight in snap bean - Phaseolus vulgaris L.

Genetika ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Milan Zdravkovic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic ◽  
Nenad Pavlovic ◽  
Radisa Djordjevic ◽  
Milan Damjanovic
Keyword(s):  
Variance Components ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Dominant Genes

In order to research the inheritance, gene effect, combination abilities and genetic variance components, we investigated six divergent snap bean genotypes (Supernor, Darija, Grinkrop, Palanacka rana, Sumadinka and Zora) and their F1 progeny created by diallel crossing without reciprocals. For the trait of height of forming the first pod, variance of average value of parents and hybrids was highly significant. The value of dominant components (H1 and H2) was higher than additive component (D), meaning that dominant genes control the inheritance of number of pods per plant. The average level of domination ?Hl/D is higher than 1, pointing to superdomination. Heritability in broader sence amounts 90% pointing to high contribution in inheriting the number of pods per plant.

GENETIC HOMEOSTASIS IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. Walton
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Natural Selection ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diallel Crosses ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Genetic Homeostasis

The literature provides three explanations of the way in which genetic homeostasis functions. An attempt was made to determine which of these was applicable to the changes which occurred when selection for geotaxis was relaxed in certain strains of Drosophila melonogaster. The strains, for which selection stopped, were divided into two parts and generations were advanced in two environments. One was the same as that in which selection had been made and the other was new. When selection was relaxed strains reverted to a mean geotactic score close to that of the populations from which they had been selected. This change was more rapid in the new environment. A series of diallel crosses compared strains for which selection was continued with those for which it was relaxed. An analysis of the components of genetic variation showed that the principle change that had taken place was in the additive component of genetic variation. It was concluded that genetic homeostasis resulted from the action of natural selection on additive genetic variance, a conclusion which is in agreement with one of the three current hypotheses.

Associative and statistical effects in the extinction of predictive judgments

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Matute ◽  
Sonia Vegas ◽  
Pieter-Jan De Marez
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Effects

Multilocus Analysis of Genetic Susceptibility to Myocardial Infarction in Russians: Replication Study

Acta Naturae ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
N. G. Kukava ◽  
B. V. Titov ◽  
G. J. Osmak ◽  
N. A. Matveeva ◽  
O. G. Kulakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Mthfr Gene ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Epistatic Interactions ◽  
Multilocus Analysis ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Genes

In search of genetic markers of myocardial infarction (MI) risk, which have prognostic significance for Russians, we performed a replication study of MI association with genetic variants of PCSK9 (rs562556), APOE (epsilon polymorphism, rs7412 and rs429358), LPL (rs320), MTHFR (rs1801133), eNOS (rs2070744), and the 9p21 region (rs1333049) in 405 patients with MI and 198 controls. Significant MI association was observed with variants of the lipid metabolism genes (PCSK9, APOE and LPL), and of eNOS. The SNPs in the MTHFR gene and the 9p21 region were not significantly associated with MI one by one but were included in several different MI-associated allelic combinations identified by multilocus analysis. Since we have not revealed nonlinear epistatic interactions between the components of the identified combinations, we postulate that the cumulative effect of genes that form a combination arises from the summation of their small independent contributions. The prognostic significance of the additive composite model built from the PCSK9, APOE, LPL, and eNOS genes as genetic markers was assessed using ROC analysis. After we included these markers in the previously published composite model of individual genetic risk of MI, the prognostic efficacy in our sample reached AUC = 0.676. However, the results obtained in this study certainly need to be replicated in an independent sample of Russians.

Political Islam in an Ethnic Jewish State: Historical Evolution, Contemporary Challenges and Future Prospects

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nohad ‘Ali
Keyword(s):  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
Islamic Revival ◽  
Islamic Movement ◽  
Revival Movements ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The One ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Islamic Revivalism

This paper argues that, although the shared and universal ideology of the Islamic revival movements was adopted by the Islamic movement in Israel, the movement has been trying to embody it in diverse and distinctive ways. In principle there is a conflict between commitment to the principle of Islamic revivalism on the one hand, and being so committed in the specific context of the ethnic Jewish state, on the other. The Jewish context of the State of Israel continues to bedevil the development of the Islamic movement in Israel. Since the 1930s, Islamic revivalism in Palestine has undergone five phases of development: the Egyptian, Israeli, Palestinian, and the two phases of ‘adaptation’ and ‘post-adaptation’. These phases reflect ideological developments, rather than simply a historical evolution. They are also the outcome of three sets of constraints: structural, ideological and domestic.

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