THE CONTENT OF AMINO ACIDS IN THE MUSCLES OF THE AFRICAN SHARPTOOTH CATFISH IN THE INTERSPAWNING PERIOD

2020 ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
L. А. Shadyeva ◽  
◽  
Е. М. Romanova ◽  
V. V. Romanov ◽  
Т. М. Shlenkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
African Sharptooth Catfish

The meat of the African sharptooth catfish has a variability in indicators of nutritional and biological value, depending on the physiological state of fish. The aim of the study was to compare the nutritional and biological value of african sharptooth catfish meat during the spawning and inter-spawning period. The object of the study is muscle tissue of the african sharptooth catfish at the age of 12 months. The assessment of organoleptic properties and indicators of nutritional and biological value of the muscle tissue of the african sharptooth catfish during the spawning and inter-spawning period was carried out. The organoleptic properties of the african sharptooth catfish during the inter-spawning and spawning periods did not differ significantly. It was found that the criteria for the nutritional value of african sharptooth catfish meat in the inter-spawning period significantly exceed similar indicators during the spawning period. The meat of the african sharptooth catfish in inter-spawning period includes more fat and protein, therefore, is characterized by less water content. The biological value of meat is determined by the content of amino acids in it. During the inter-spawning period, the amount of all amino acids in the meat of African clarias significantly increases. The dominant position of essential amino acids is occupied by lysine and tryptophan. This is of exceptional importance for a living organism. Tryptophan is indispensable in the synthesis of vitamin B3, which has a vasoprotective effect, reduces cholesterol and provides prevention of hypoxia of cells and tissues. Lysine is a source of carnitine, stimulates mitosis, provides prophylaxis of osteoporosis, and stimulates bone regeneration. According to research, lysine can prevent the development and ease the course of Alzheimer’s disease. Eating foods with high levels of tryptophan and lysine ultimately improves the quality of life. The high content of lysine and tryptophan makes it possible to attribute african sharptooth meat to an indispensable component of children’s and sports nutrition.

Research Regarding Content in Amino-acids and Biological Value of Proteins from Polyodon spathula Sturgeon Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1063-1069
Author(s):  
Cristina Simeanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
Anca Popa ◽  
Alexandru Usturoi ◽  
Dan Bodescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Polyodon Spathula ◽  
The One ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Polyodon spathula sturgeon breed is successfully reared in Romania in many fishery farms for meat production and it is capitalized on domestic market as consumption fish. In the current paper were studied a number of 1400 sturgeons from Polyodon spathula breed (1200 individuals of one summer - P.s.0+ and 200 individuals of fourth summers - P.s.3+). From this flock were weighted around 10%, for each age group, and for laboratory determinations were chosen 10 fishes for each age with the corporal mass close to the group mean. After analysing the fillets gathered from the studied fishes for establishing the chemical characteristics, nutritive and biological values of proteins were drawn some interesting conclusions. So, regarding chemical composition we notice that in the meat of analysed fishes water is in a rate of 75.41% at P.s.3+ and 78.37% for P.s.0+; proteins - between 18.08% for P.s.0+ and 19.89% for P.s.3+, values which place those fishes in the group of protein fishes; lipids - between 2.45% and 3.45%, values which situated those sturgeons in category of fishes with a low content in lipids; collagen � 3.83% at P.s.0+ and 4.14% at P.s.3+ which indicate low values for proteins of weak quality in the meat of those sturgeons. Study of nutritive value for the analysed fishes indicate the fact that fishes P.s.0+ have a mediocre nutritive value, having the ratio w/p of 4.33 while sturgeons P.s.3+ were placed in the 2nd category � fishes with a good nutritive value (rate w/p = 3.79). Energetic value of the studied fillets was 97.39 kcal/100 g for P.s.0+ and 114.31 kcal/100 g for P.s.3+, which enlightened an increase of nutritive value with aging, fact especially due to accumulation of adipose tissue. Study of proteins quality, through the presence of those 8 essential amino-acids in the meat of analysed fishes, show the fact that at sturgeons P.s.0+ proportion of essential amino-acids was 20.88% from total amino-acids, while at sturgeons P.s.3+ was 26.23%, fact which enlightened an increasing of proteins� biological value with fish aging. This fact was also shown by calculation of proteins� biological value through chemical methods (EAA index); calculated value for sturgeons P.s.0+ was a little bit lower (118.73) than the one calculated for sturgeons P.s.3+ (118.79).

INFLUENCE OF FODDER ADDITIVE ABIOTONIC ON VETERINARY AND SANITARY INDICATORS OF RABBIT MEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-381
Author(s):  
F.I. Vasilevich ◽  
◽  
V.N. Shevkoplyas ◽  
V.M. Bachinskaya ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
White Fat

The materials on the study of the feed additive Abiotonic in rabbit breeding, as well as the results of organoleptic, microbiological, histological studies and the amino acid composition of rabbit meat of the New Zealand white breed are presented. According to the results of the studies, there was no negative effect of the feed additive on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of rabbit meat, the carcasses were well bled, drying crusts were formed in a timely manner, the muscles were elastic, light pink, white fat, the broth was clear and aromatic. No pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora were found. At the same time, it was noted that the feed additive contributed to the increase in meat of non-essential amino acids by 6,01%, essential amino acids by 9,74%, which increases the biological value of the product. According to histomorphological studies, the Abiotonic feed supplement did not adversely affect the physiological state of animals, muscle tissue and internal organs developed within the physiological norm of rabbits.

Biological Value of Proteins in Relation to the Essential Amino Acids Which They Contain

1946 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 597-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie E. Edwards ◽  
Robert R. Sealock ◽  
William W. O'Donnell ◽  
Grant R. Bartlett ◽  
Marion B. Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Value

Nutrition of the bacon pig. XIX. The requirement of the bacon pig for certain essential amino acids

1958 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Utilization ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
The Past

The addition of essential amino acids to all-vegetable diets, so as to raise the biological value of their proteins to the level of animal-protein concentrates, has often been advocated in the past by animal nutritionists. This aim was frustrated in practice since it was impossible, until recently, to secure the necessary supplies at prices that would make such additions economical. Feeding stuffs with added amino acids are now being sold commercially. This is possible following the manufacture of synthetic DL-methionine and crude L-lysine monochloride.It seemed desirable, therefore, to carry out investigations into the potential value of these amino acids to the pig feeder. This paper deals with the effect on growth, food utilization and retention of nitrogen of adding small amounts of lysine and methionine to the diet. An attempt is made to correlate the amino acid composition of the pig's diet with its rate of growth, the energy supply being adequate.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF A MIXTURE OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Science ◽  
1943 ◽  
Vol 98 (2543) ◽  
pp. 286-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. ALBANESE ◽  
V. IRBY
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Biological Value

Intracellular Free Amino Acids in Muscle Tissue of Patients with Chronic Uraemia: Effect of Peritoneal Dialysis and Infusion of Essential Amino Acids

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bergström ◽  
P. Fürst ◽  
L.-O. Norée ◽  
E. Vinnars
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Chronic Uraemia ◽  
Muscle Water ◽  
Intracellular Concentrations

1. Free amino acids were determined in the plasma and in the muscle tissue of 14 patients with chronic uraemia; eight were not on dialysis and six were having regular peritoneal dialysis. The concentration of each amino acid in muscle water was calculated with the chloride method. 2. In both groups of patients there were low intracellular concentrations of threonine, valine, tyrosine and carnosine, and high glycine/valine and phenylalanine/tyrosine ratios. Both groups of patients had increased amounts of 1- and 3-methylhistidine in plasma and in muscle water. 3. The non-dialysed patients had low intracellular concentrations of lysine, and the dialysed patients had high intracellular concentrations of lysine, isoleucine, leucine and of some of the non-essential amino acids. 4. After peritoneal dialysis for 22 h, the plasma concentration of several amino acids decreased but the intracellular concentrations of most amino acids did not change significantly. 5. Intravenous administration of essential amino acids and histidine during the last 4 h of dialysis increased in muscle the total free amino acids, the ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids and the valine and phenylalanine concentrations. 6. The results demonstrated that the plasma and muscle concentrations of several amino acids are grossly abnormal in chronic uraemia. Non-dialysed and dialysed patients exhibit important differences, especially in the intracellular amino acid patterns. Infusion of essential amino acids may result in enhancement of protein synthesis.

Amino acids content and basic chemical composition of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) meat

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cygan-Szczegielniak ◽  
B. Janicki
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Endogenous Amino Acids ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Standard Protein

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of roe deer meat considering the animals’ sex and age and to estimate the content of amino acids in the meat from two selected groups of the animals, i.e. 2-3-year-old males and females. A further goal was to assess the biological value of proteins as compared to the FAO standard. The study has revealed that in proteins from the roe deer muscle tissue the content of exogenous amino acids (in g/100g) is higher by 20-30% on average comparing to the level of amino acids, in the FAO/WHO (1973) standard protein. Among the endogenous amino acids, the highest (in g/100 g of protein) and the lowest concentrations were found for glutamic acid and proline, respectively. The research has also shown that roe deer meat possesses a high content of protein and a relatively low content of fat.

scholarly journals BY-PRODUCTS OF MILLING AND CORN PRODUCTION AS A SOURCE OF PROTEIN OF INCREASED BIOLOGICAL VALUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
V. A. Scriabin ◽  
I. A. Saboiev ◽  
K. A. Tabanyukhov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
By Products

The main problem of modern grain crops is the low quality of proteins, due to the insufficient content of essential amino acids and, above all, lysine, a limiting amino acid, the amount of which depends on the digestibility of proteins by the human body. Amino acids in the grain are unevenly distributed. The germ and aleurone layer is richest in essential amino acids, primarily lysine. The biological value of protein fractions depends on the level of essential amino acids. Therefore, for example, the proteins of the aleurone layer have a higher biological value than in the rest of the endosperm. Thus, in terms of the amount of essential amino acids, oat protein, although only slightly, is still more biologically valuable than wheat, rye, and barley. Finely divided fractions of bran, which are rich in essential amino acids, can be used in food and feed production.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL VALUE OF PROTEINS OF MILK OF SIMMENTAL COWS PRODUCED UNDER CONDITIONS OF INTENSIVE TECHNOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 247 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
L.G. Khromova ◽  
◽  
N.V. Bailova ◽  
A.I. Sychev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Protein Component ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Amino Acid Index ◽  
Acid Index

Taking into account modern requirements, the biological value of the protein component of the Simmental breed Krov milk produced under intensive technology has been studied. The amino acid composition of milk proteins was identified by high-performance liquid chromatography. To analyze the biological value of proteins, calculated indicators were used: the amino acid index and the amino acid number (skor) of essential amino acids, taking into account the true digestibility of each of them. As a result of the research, all the essential and interchangeable amino acids and a fairly high concentration of many of them were identified. Among the essential amino acids, the largest amount in the milk samples contained phenylalanine+tyrosine, leucine, lysine, valine, and the smallest-tryptophan, methionine+cysteine. In the aggregate of interchangeable amino acids, the highest saturation was noted for glutamic acid+glutamine, arginine, proline, and the lowest-glycine, alanine. The predominance of interchangeable amino acids was noted in the protein component, which caused a low amino acid index (0.61). The amount of assimilated essential amino acids was higher relative to the reference protein. However, the amino acid score had a wide oscillation amplitude: from 149.6 % for the amino acids phenylalanine + tyrosine to 61.2 and 87.8 %, respectively, for tryptophan and methionine+cysteine, which indicated their imbalance. The essential amino acids tryptophan and methionine+cysteine were limiting, since their amino acid number (skor) is below 100 %.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF PRODUCTION TREATMENTS OF FEED CONCENTRATE PRODUCED FROM WASTE OF CEREAL PRODUCTION ON ITS BIOLOGICAL VALUE AND EFFICIENCY IN THE COMPOSITION OF COMPOUND FEED FOR CARP

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koshak ◽  
N. Zenovich ◽  
E. Rybkina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Heat Moisture Treatment ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Extruded Feed

The following article presents a new raw component in compound feed for carp – feed concentrate produced from cereal production waste. The feed concentrate is based on several types of cereal fodder meal - wheat, pea, barley, as well as wheat bran and unshelled oat grain. The feed concentrate is balanced according to the needs of carp and can be used as feed for carp instead of wheat grain or as a part of compound feed for carp. Heat-moisture processing of compound feed before extrusion is one of the main stages that further ensure the stability of technological processes and the final quality of the feed concentrate. The amino acid composition was determined at various temperatures of the feed concentrate after heat-moisture treatment of + 40, 60, 70 and 80º С at a constant moisture content of the concentrate of +282° С. Amino acid score has been calculated for feed concentrates that have been exposed to various heat treatments. The amino score was calculated in relation to the carp's need for essential amino acids. It was found that an increase in the temperature of the concentrate during heat-moisture treatment leads to a decrease in the content of essential amino acids. For example, the total content of methionine and cysteine in the composition of the feed concentrate at a temperature of +75° C was 0.46%, with the minimum allowable total content of these amino acids in the composition of feed 0,5%. Heat-moisture treatment at a product temperature above +75° C leads to a decrease in the content of essential amino acids and the biological value of the feed concentrate.The process of extrusion of feed concentrate from waste of cereal production has been studied. The glucose content in the feed concentrate was studied at various extrusion modes. The glucose content indicates the degree of modification of the starch during the extrusion process, and the more glucose the product contains, the better it is absorbed by the carp. When extruded with an increase in temperature, the starch passes into a viscous-flowing (gelatinized) state, forming a so-called melt, the cooling of which also leads to the formation of a three-dimensional gel network. The feed concentrate granule becomes monolithic in structure; it becomes quite hard and can harm the intestines of carp. Therefore, it contains wheat bran in an amount of 1%, as a component that is able to weaken the feed concentrate granule. The degree of starch destruction in the composition of the extruded feed concentrate with the addition of wheat bran reached its maximum and the granule became porous, its hardness decreased. It was detected that when the temperature of the feed concentrate after extrusion rises above +100°C, the biological value of the feed concentrate decreases, and it becomes unbalanced in the content of such essential amino acids as lysine, threonine, methionine and cysteine. Therefore, the optimum product temperature after extrusion is +90-100˚C.The effectiveness of extruded feed concentrate was determined in the composition of granulated feed for two- and threeyear-old carp. The feed ratio of the compound feed containing the feed concentrate was 0.9 units, which is 64% lower than of the control compound feed, which includes a non-extruded grain group that is not balanced in terms of carp needs.

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