scholarly journals EFFICIENCY EVALUATION OF SOIL TILLAGE AND PLANT PROTECTION OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
A.L. Toygildin ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
R.A. Mustafina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Yield Increase

The article presents results of studies of comparative productivity and cultivation economic efficiency of soybeans, peas, lupine and chickpeas, depending on main tillage systems in crop rotation and the level of plant protection from harmful organisms. Grain legumes are capable of forming a seed yield of 2.0 t / ha in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. Three-year experimental studies have shown that the studied leguminous crops can be arranged in the following row according to the yield level: peas - 2.51 t / ha> lupine - 2.12 t / ha> chickpea –2.11 t / ha> soybean - 2.10 t / ha. Evaluation of the effect of soil tillage in cultivation of grain legumes showed a significant yield increase by plowing for 25-27 cm in comparison with tillage for 12-14 cm for all the studied crops, a yield increase for adaptive-integrated plant protection was also noted in comparison with minimum protection (protection only against weeds). Studies show that lupine crops had an advantage in protein content, its yield is from 533 to 802 kg / ha, as for soybeans, protein yield was 449-666 kg / ha, peas - 430-521 kg / ha, and chickpeas - 346-486 kg / ha with the advantage of the mentioned variants. A higher conditional net income was obtained on soybeans (31555-44584 rubles / ha) and chickpeas (27777-40037 rubles / ha), especially on combined tillage in crop rotation. Plant protection systems had an equal impact on economic efficiency of their cultivation; in some variants, adaptively integrated plant protection was less effective

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS OF BIOLOGIZATION TECHNIQUES IN LINKS OF CROP ROTATIONS WITH WINTER WHEAT IN THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
А. L Toygildin ◽  
◽  
V. I. Morozov ◽  
М. I. Podsevalov ◽  
D.E. Ayupov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Fertilizer System

The performance of the set tasks for the production of the necessary volumes of grain is possible only on the basis of a scientific-based approach to the development of agricultural technologies on a systematic basis. Research aim: to evaluate the effectiveness of methods of biologization of crop rotation links with winter wheat at the expense of grain legumes and organomineral fertilizer systems in conditions of forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. The research was carried out in years long stationary field trial of the department of agriculture, crop production and breeding of FSBEI HE Ulyanovsk SAU in 4-6-month field crop rotations. The objects of study were of crop rotation links with winter wheat: 1) complete fallow-winter wheat; 2) peas - winter wheat; 3) Lupin - winter wheat; 4) Lupin + peas - winter wheat. In the structure of land use, there is still a high share of complete fallow, which has negative environmental consequences. The main reason for the introduction of complete fallows is the preservation of moisture for seeding winter crops. However, our research shows that when replacing complete fallows to grain legumes (peas, white lupine), 23.0-25.0 mm of productive moisture accumulates in the soil before seeding winter wheat, which, if agrotechnical requirements are met, allows you to get seedlings and sufficient development of winter wheat in the autumn period. Despite the higher yield of winter wheat by complete fallow, the productivity of links with legumes was higher. The inclusion of grain legumes in crop rotations as steam-generating crops can be used to eliminate the negative effects of complete fallow. The results obtained allow us to recommend combined tillage that includes soil loosening for grain legumes and surface tillage for winter wheat, as well as to use the organomineral fertilizer system straw + NPK, while the doses of mineral fertilizers are calculated on the planned yield of grain legumes of 2.5-3.0 t/ha and winter wheat - 4.5 t/ha.

CROP STRUCTURE AND YIELD OF GRAIN LEGUMES DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezida Akhmetovna Mustafina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Soil Cultivation

The influence of the main tillage and plant protection on the yield and its structure of grain legumes has been studied. Combined tillage with adaptively integrated plant protection increased the studied parameters by 5,4-8,7% compared to the minimum tillage and the first level of plant protection. The maximum yield was obtained on peas by the combined tillage in crop rotations of 2,65 t / ha, and with the minimum tillage – 2,36 t / ha. The effect of combined tillage on soybeans was also higher than on the minimum, where the yield was 2,25 t / ha and 1.94 t / ha, respectively. The yield of chickpea is also higher for combined processing – 2,27 t / ha, and at the minimum –1.94 t / ha. The yield of lupine for soil cultivation is 2,23 t / ha and – 2,00 t / ha.

scholarly journals Phytosanitary condition and yield of winter wheat in crop rotations of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
A. L. Toygildin ◽  
M. I. Podsevalov ◽  
I. A. Toygildina ◽  
V. N. Austin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Grain Crops

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region, winter wheat occupies the largest area among grain crops, which is associated with its relatively high productivity, economic efficiency and the ability to unload the peaks of field work in the spring. Winter wheat makes fuller use of the bioclimatic potential of productivity, especially in the arid conditions of the region. Despite the fact that the adaptive-integrated approach to the joint use of agricultural techniques and chemicalization means when growing grain crops provides significant and stable yield increases, they require regular study to adjust agricultural technologies. The article presents the results of 3-year studies in a stationary field experiment to assess the influence of predecessors, methods of basic soil cultivation and plant protection on the spread of diseases and weeds, as well as on the yield of winter wheat. Studies have shown that the placement of winter wheat after clean fallow helps to reduce the infestation of crops, and after cruciferous predecessors (white mustard, spring rape)— the spread of root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Helmintosporium sativum)) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Winter wheat yield after different predecessors varied from 5.16 t/ha for pure fallow to 3.77–4.04 t/ha after nonfallow predecessors with a significant increase in adaptive-integrated plant protection by 0.37 t/ha (9.2%) and insignificant — for combined tillage in crop rotation — by 0.19 t/ha (4.6%).

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR USAGE OF OIL CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
A.L. Toygildin ◽  
◽  
M.I. Podsevalov ◽  
V.N. Ostin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Combined System ◽  
Plant Protection System ◽  
Spring Rape

An increase of biological diversity of field crops is relevant for modern agriculture. The aim of our study was comparative assessment of productivity of oilseeds (oil flax, white mustard and spring rape) and substantiation of primary soil tillage technology and plant protection during crop cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the Volga region. The research results showed that the growing season of white mustard was 87-99 days, oil flax - 97-106 days and spring rape - 97-103 days. The period from harvesting to winter wheat sowing was 12-20 days for oil flax, white mustard - 20-30 days, for spring rape - 14-20 days, which makes it possible to use these crops as forecrops for winter grain crops. When cultivating oil flax, white mustard and spring rape, combined system of soil tillage in crop rotation is more effective, where, in comparison with the minimum tillage of the soil, the seed yield increased (by 8.4-23.7%), as well as vegetable fat (by 16.9- 30.5%). The adaptive integrated plant protection system (a combination of agrotechnical, biological and chemical plant protection methods) was more effective in comparison with herbicide usage. Evaluation of economic efficiency showed that cultivation of spring rape provides a higher level of income in comparison with other crops. Combined tillage and the protection level of standard agricultural technologies (only herbicide usage) ensured an increase of net operating profit per hectare, therefore, the substantiation of plant protection system should be carried out with egad to economic limits of harmfulness.

scholarly journals Ecological role of crop rotation in the efficient use of agricultural territories of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 01014
Author(s):  
Alexander Toigildin ◽  
Vladimir Morozov ◽  
Mikhail Podsevalov ◽  
Irina Toigildina ◽  
Denis Ayupov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological State ◽  
Ecological Role

The article presents the results of a theoretical review of the role of the structure of cultivated areas and crop rotations in agriculture. Based on experimental studies, recommendations are given for optimizing the structure of cultivated areas and the system of crop rotations in the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region. The structure of sown areas and crop rotations should expand the species composition of cultivated crops, introduce intermediate crops. Our research shows that the structure of sown areas should reduce the proportion of pure fallow to 40% of the area with winter grain crops to increase the productivity of arable land, protect the soil from erosion, preserve and reproduce its fertility. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the area of perennial leguminous grasses and legume-cereal mixtures and bring their share to 25% of the cultivated area. This requires introducing grain-grass and fruit crop rotations, which will improve the ecological state of the soil and crops, and ensure the reproduction of soil fertility.

Archaeological Materials of Eneolithic Settlements in Forest-Steppe Zone of the Volga Region: A Source for Diet and Chronology

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596
Author(s):  
A Korolev ◽  
M Kulkova M ◽  
V Platonov ◽  
N Roslyakova ◽  
A Shalapinin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Domestic Species ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Settlement Site ◽  
First Time ◽  
Comprehensive Studies

ABSTRACTThe study the diet of Eneolithic populations is of great interest to archaeologists. However, the studies undertaken in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Volga region in Russia have left many issues unsolved. Data collected recently through the comprehensive studies of Lebyazhinka VI settlement enable us to change this situation. Of particular importance at this settlement site is good preservation of animal bones, bone fishing tools, and ceramics of the same type with food crusts and connected to a large house pit. For the first time in this geographical area, bones of domestic animals were found in the fill of a dwelling. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained through comprehensive studies of diet and economy in the Eneolithic based on the materials from Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlement sites. The main results of the archaeozoological analysis— determinations of species, age and size of the animals—provide the necessary data for studying the diet. We conclude that there are differences between Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlements. Lebyazhinka III settlement included bones of only wild species, however, Lebyazhinka VI settlement consists of wild and domestic species.

scholarly journals Root rot in new cultivars of spring wheat depending on sowing dates

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
A. A. Razina ◽  
F. S. Sultanov ◽  
О. G. Dyatlova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
New Cultivars

The results of studying resistance of mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars to root rot in the forest-steppe zone of Irkutsk region are presented. The study was conducted in a two-factor field experiment. Factor A – mid-ripening spring wheat cultivars: Tulunskaya 11 (control), Zoryana, Маrsianka, Stolypinka (new cultivars). Factor B – seeding dates: May 10, 20, 30, preceded by fallow. The experimental plot area was 70.0 m2. The experiment was repeated three times. Plot arrangement was randomized. Root rot prevalence was determined during the tillering phase of the crop. In 2018, the sowing dates did not affect the disease due to the long spring-summer drought (May-June) and a higher average daily temperature compared to long-term average values. In arid and cold conditions of May 2019, with the late sowing period (May 30), root rot prevalence was significantly lower than when sowing on May 10 and 20. In 2019, a higher level of the disease was registered than in 2018 by 14.3%. Significant differences in root rot prevalence in both years of research were noted between the control cultivar Tulunskaya 11 and the new cultivars of spring wheat Zoryana and Stolypinka. In the tillering phase of the latter two, disease indicators were lower by 5.6% and 10.5% in 2018, and by 8.8% and 7.9% in 2019, respectively. Маrsianka cultivar was at the control level for this indicator. The best cultivar under study was Stolypinka, which was not only less affected by root rot, but also gave a statistically significant yield increase of 0.16 t/ ha in 2018 and 0.22 t/ha in 2019.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document