scholarly journals «Everyday practices» in the «history of everyday life»: how the method works

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
Z. M. Kobozeva
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Moral Choice ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
German School ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Academic Relations

The article analyzes the modern methodological paradigm within the boundaries of the theory of the history of everyday life and its methods associated with the concept of everyday practices (tactics, strategies) on the example of studying the everyday history of the bourgeois class. Despite the seeming peacefulness of the history of everyday life approach, in its epistemological field, academic relations associated with the struggle of traditionalists and postmodernists, supporters of descriptive history of everyday life and followers of discourse analysis, as well as researchers working with material within the boundaries of developments of linguistically oriented historiography. Research reflection in modern conditions is also associated with the historian's moral choice: to continue to study great dates, events, names, or to shift research optics towards a little-known, unremarkable person, torn from the jaws of time by just an accidental written document that caught a moment of his life. Ethical research reflection, asserting that the little man is the same equal creator of history, like his great contemporary, is associated with methodological ethics, which does not allow formalizing the methodological approach, formulating in the introductory part of the work those principles that are not implemented in practice in research. This article does not so much polemize with respect to the methodological approaches of modern Russian historiography, as it suggests not to follow the fashion, but, taking into account the specifics of the source base, to apply those methods that work, that is, they help to compose a kind of explanatory model of history, those related to the scientific interests of a particular researcher. In this regard, the German school of the history of everyday life A. Ludtke represents that analytical explanatory model of the past, which allows the little man to be made not only the creator of history, but also responsible for all its events.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Laura Carter
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social History ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
The Other ◽  
Origin Stories ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One

The introduction proposes the key argument that the twentieth century was Britain’s educational century. It discusses how the democratization of historical knowledge in Britain between 1918 and 1979 occurred as a process of negotiation between policymakers, elites, and educationists on the one hand, and ordinary people on the other. The concept of the ‘history of everyday life’ is introduced and defined. The introduction then discusses the important role of women in the making of popular social history, and its relationship to classed, gendered, racial, imperial, and national categories. The ‘history of everyday life’ is briefly discussed in relation to other ‘origin stories’ of British social history, especially the new academic social history of the 1960s and the importance of the ‘everyday’ in mid-century social science. Finally, the introduction discusses the book’s methodological approach and provides an overview of each of the chapters.

scholarly journals Leisure and Recreation in the Socio-Cultural Memory of Urban Women in the 1950 and 1960s Based on Materials from Volgograd

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304
Author(s):  
Irina V. Bogdashina
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Urban Women ◽  
Free Time ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
High Workload ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Leisure And Recreation ◽  
The City

The article examines everyday practices of rest and leisure among urban women living in the city of Volgograd (Stalingrad) - a city that had been completely destroyed during the war. The goal of the present study is to identify specific characteristics in the everyday practices of women. The methodology combines comparative historical, biographical and aggregate methods. Interviews conducted along the empathy method made it possible to identify the sensual and emotional sides of the respondents' lives. The research is based on ego-documents (diaries, oral history), periodicals (magazines, newspapers), and statistics. The article discusses the concepts of free time and rest as preserved in the memory of townspeople, and also private and public forms of leisure. A major finding is that women's memory and texts reveal sensory and emotional experiences that can be used for the history of everyday life. This allows for an imagination of everyday life from a new angle. Domestic work took away the vast majority of women's free time, and given the cultural potential of the region was still underdeveloped, most city dwellers concentrated pastime activities on their homes. However, with the high workload of women at home and at work, it was leisure outside the home that remained one of the few ways for women to relax and recover from mental and physical stress. The everyday life of urban women in the 1950s and 1960s was characterized by a division of leisure in private and public forms.

scholarly journals LITERARY REPRESENTATION OF FEAR IN EVERYDAY LIFE DISCOURSE OF 1930S SOVIET UKRAINE (OLENA |ZVYCHAINA’S NOVEL «FEAR»)

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Lesia Demska-Budzuliak
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Identity Studies ◽  
Soviet People ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Homo Sovieticus

The article is devoted to fiction representation’s research influence of the fear’s, as part of the totalitarianism everyday practices 1930’s, on the creation «homo sovieticus» identity. The everyday history studies are important component of the memory and identity studies. The Ukrainian memory studies pay attention on the traumatic historical experience, while the west European scholars are fixed on the socio-cultural history of the everyday life. The benefit of this study is combine both research approaches. This provides an opportunity to explore social totalitarian everyday life from the view of the reconstruction outlook and identity of the «homo sovieticus». We used discourse-analysis’s methodology for this research, thethought about that our communication is reflection of our identity and the nature of social relations. As applied materials wechosen diaspora writers’ texts, the novel «The Fear» by Olena Zvychayna and memories by Dokiya Humenna and ValerianRevuc’ky. All these authors were witnessed Stalin’s repressions, and later they wrote about it. Olena Zvychayna described the fear as terrors’ instrument, which defined soviet peoples’ everyday life. For example, the practices of the night arrests. The thousands of people across the country were arrested between the first and third hours every night. Those systematic practices of intimidation became the part of the whole physical terror in 1930’. As a result, we can see «a faceless person» in fiction about that period. His main characteristics are depersonalization of personality, and unification of appearance according with sovieticus aesthetic. In contrast, fear is personified and has a face. Its connected with certain persons in collective imaginations of the soviet people, for example Stalin or Yezov, and otherі, who represented the totalitarianism system punitive practiceses of the system. The practice of collective meeting was another element Stalin’s intimidation tactic in the 1930’. The collective meetings were devoted to stigmatization particular persons with nonsovieticus outlook. As a consequence, it formation еру collective intimidation system. The aesthetics of pessimism and physical fall arosed in the everyday life of people in fear and was opposed to canons’ beauty and optimism tj socialist realism. Everyday life’s realistic showed many contrasts between normative aesthetic with the cult of the beautiful human body, optimistic socialism’s labor and gloomy totalitarian aesthetic. We can see some main oppositions in the novel «The Fear», such as: monumental forms collective life and man loneliness; mass Soviet celebrations and uncolored everyday life; party meeting with bravura marches and forbidden wedding in the church. At same time, the totalitarian reality’s aesthetic influenced on the personality’s moral degradation and value system of the person. As a result, it transformed soviet people in victim and executioner in one person. In conclusion we remark that the fears’ phenomenon was determinative in shaping «soviet man» Stalinist’s period. The systematic practices of intimidation formed the man depersonalized, identified with mass. Another definition such people – «faceless person». He or she needs appropriate aesthetic, which contrast with of the canon’s soviet realism aesthetic. The fear to stand out lays in the such Stalin’s system base.

Mafalda: Middle Class, Everyday Life, and Politics in Argentina, 1964-1973

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Cosse
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Political Polarization ◽  
The Political ◽  
Comic Strip ◽  
State Terrorism ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Modernization ◽  
Methodological Approaches

Abstract In this article I reconstruct the history of Mafalda, the famous comic strip by the Argentine cartoonist Quino that was read, discussed, and viewed as an emblematic representation of Argentina’s middle class. With the aim of contributing to discussions on the interpretation of the middle class in Argentina and Latin America, I examine the emergence, circulation, and sociopolitical significance of the comic from its first strips in 1964 until Quino stopped producing new installments in 1973, making use of two conceptual and methodological approaches: a perspective situated at the intersection of the everyday and the political, as well as a consideration of humor as a way of exploring social identities. I argue first that Mafalda’s ironic and conceptual humor worked with the contradictions of the middle class as it faced social modernization, cultural and political radicalization, and a weakening democracy. Second, I suggest that the strip contributed to a representation of a heterogeneous middle class marked by ideological differences but nonetheless conceived as one. Third, I claim that such a representation lost its relevance with the political polarization and violence of the 1970s, as portraying a middle class—or a society—united despite differences was no longer feasible in that context. To illustrate this, the article closes by noting that, shortly after Mafalda was discontinued, state terrorism would brutally demonstrate just how little space there was in Argentina for the young, antiestablishment generation depicted in the strip.

scholarly journals The Invisible Burden of the Vietnam War: From the Memoirs of a Soviet Officer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Lyamzin
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Health It ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Vietnam War

This article publishes and analyses an interview with Lieutenant Colonel V. V. Skoryak, a Soviet military specialist who took part in the Vietnam War for eleven months in 1970. The interview describes little-known facts about military advisers’ stay in the country, when they mostly stayed far away from the frontline and dealt with the preparation and maintenance of the S‑75 high-altitude air defence systems. Special attention is paid to the everyday life of the advisers and their legal status, which helps reveal new aspects of the “everyday history” of war. Skoryak speaks about the ideological, moral, and psychological preparedness of the Soviet people to fulfil their “international duty”, which, according to him, was internally motivated. He also analyses post-traumatic syndromes in Soviet military men: it was especially frequent and profound in the early stages of the conflict. Additionally, the interview contains information about the medical care provided to the participants of the conflict and the consequences for their health. It puts forward some ideas about how the chemical weapons used by the Americans affected the human reproductive system. The interview provides an emotional assessment of the war and their place in the biography of a Soviet officer.

scholarly journals EVERYDAY LIFE OF UKRAINIAN NOBILITY IN 2 QUARTER OF 19 CENTURY: M. MARKEVYCH’S LETTER TO P. GALAGAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Maryna Budzar
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Everyday Communication

The publication of the document is devoted to the anniversaries of two well-known representatives of the Ukrainian elite of the 19th century — 200th anniversary of the birth of Hryhorii Pavlovych Galagan and the 215th anniversary of the birth of Mykola Andriiovych Markevych. Published letter depicts the serious events of the family history of Markevyches — the disease and the death of the father of historian Andrii Markevych. The text contains a detailed description of the events leading up to the event and the circumstances of the death of A. Markevych. The author addresses to Pavlo Galagan, who is the husband of his aunt (mother’s sister). He fully trusts this man. This leads to the frankness of the story. The text includes people from the immediate surroundings of related families of Markevyches — Galagans. This allows us to clarify the personal and psychological characteristics of individual representatives of the Markevyches family. We can notice from the text the remarkable details of the everyday life of the middle-income family of the beginning of the 19th century. We see the arrangement of everyday life, the traditions of everyday communication, the level of provision of medical aid, etc. The contents of the document reveals the attitude of the nobility Left Bank Ukraine to the problem of disease and death, to the ethics of family communication, to property and financial problems.

scholarly journals Scientific and technical discoveries of the 1920s and Ukrainian emigrationin in the Interwar Czechoslovak Republic (1918–1939)

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-156
Author(s):  
Olha Zubko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Scientific Intelligence ◽  
Automobile Manufacturing ◽  
State History ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Archival Documentation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Research Analysis

This article informs about the impact of scientific and technological progress of the 1920s on everyday life of the Ukrainian emigration center in the interwar period of Czechoslovakia in 1918-1939. First of all, it is referred to technological novelties of the period in 1921-1929: cinematography, television, automobile manufacturing, fashion, medical industry, telegraph, and bank and post transfers. The proposed topic has not been submitted to the scientific audience yet, as far as the life of the Ukrainian emigration in the interwar of Czechoslovak Republic was considered mainly in the context of political and sociocultural work both emigrants themselves and the latest Ukrainian, Czech and Slovak historians. It is focused on two pointsin the proposed scientific intelligence: consideration of the everyday life of anti-Bolshevist emigration and of the lives of Ukrainian immigrants in Czechoslovakia which were arbitrarily distributed for four periods: 1918-1921, 1921-1925, 1925-1933, 1933-1939, all of which had its own specific features. Consideration of the Ukrainian everyday emigration life in the years 1921–1929 in the interwar of Czechoslovakia carried out with the help ofrecollection, memoirs, postal correspondence (letters) and archival documentation. Therefore, it implies the usage of general methods of the scientific research: analysis, analogy, historical and logical methods. The emigrational routine is a farsighted direction of the historical research, because it is the history of the small vivid worlds, peculiar alternative to the researches which are focused on global political and social processes and events.Everyday life is not minted in special decrees or laws;it is notrecorded in programs and speeches, as far as political and state history, and it is not honed by the financial gains in the economy, and by the cultural monuments, though it always exists like air, it goes unnoticed as time.

scholarly journals E-STEM in Everyday Life: How Families Develop a Caring Motive Orientation Towards the Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Sylvia Christine Almeida ◽  
Marilyn Fleer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Environmental Learning ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Diverse Community

AbstractInternationally there is growing interest in how young children engage with and learn concepts of science and sustainability in their everyday lives. These concepts are often built through nature and outdoor play in young children. Through the dialectical concept of everyday and scientific concept formation (Vygotsky LS, The collected works of L.S. Vygotsky. Problems of general psychology, V.1, (Trans. N Minick). Editor of English Translation, RW Rieber, and AS Carton, New York: Kluwer Academic and Plenum Publishers, 1987), this chapter presents a study of how families transformatively draw attention to STEM and sustainability concepts in the everyday practices of the home. The research followed a focus child (4–5 year old) from four families as they navigated everyday life and talked about the environments in which they live. Australia as a culturally diverse community was reflected in the families, whose heritage originated in Europe, Iran, India, Nepal and Taiwan. The study identified the multiple ways in which families introduce practices and conceptualise imagined futures and revisioning (Payne PG, J HAIA 12:2–12, 2005a). About looking after their environment. It was found that young children appear to develop concepts of STEM, but also build agency in exploration, with many of these explorations taking place in outdoor settings. We conceptualise this as a motive orientation to caring for the environment, named as E-STEM. The study emphasises for education to begin with identifying family practices and children’s explorations, as a key informant for building relevant and locally driven pedagogical practices to support environmental learning.

Cinderella! Cinderella!: A closer look into Dutch seventeenth-century gender roles and genre paintings

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Downs
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Everyday Practices ◽  
Art Form ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Second Commandment

This article highlights a time when Northern artists were no longer allowed to paint or carve holy images as they had done during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The Catholic Church banned this art form due to the interpretation of the second commandment: ‘Thou shalt make no graven image of thy God’. Genre paintings were the outcome of this banishment and a way to represent and depict an everyday life scene in a Dutch seventeenth-century household. The paintings would show the best of a situation and also its worst counterpart in almost a mocking comical way. By exploring these paintings, we come to understand how women were fed propaganda into becoming a better housewife, mother and bearing the weight of physical nourisher to all. Although amusing, the images have been celebrated and considered legendary during the Golden Age of the Netherlands. While taking a closer look at genre paintings and the everyday practices of the Dutch household, we can connect patterns to how these paintings affected women and influenced their domestic duties in the Golden Age.

The originality of the “estate topos” in the A.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Peter the First”

2020 ◽  
pp. 262-272
Author(s):  
Anna S. Akimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Childhood Memories ◽  
Research History ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Peasant Household ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Poor Peasant ◽  
The City

Moscow is the city which united the characters of A.N. Tolstoy’s novel “Peter the First”. Kitay-Gorod is the space where the action of the first book is mainly set. In the novel Tolstoy showed in great detail the everyday life of the city and its inhabi- tants. According to the I.E. Zabelin’s research (“History of the city of Moscow”) in late 17 — early 18 th centuries Moscow was like a big village that is why Tolstoy relied on his childhood memories about the life in the small village Sosnovka (Samara Region) describing the streets of Moscow. The novel begins with the description of a poor peasant household of Brovkin near Moscow, then Volkov’s noble estate is depicted and Menshikov’s house. The space of the city is expanding with each new “address”. Moscow estates, and in particular, connected with the figure of “guardian, lover of the Princess-ruler” V.V. Golitsyn, in Tolstoy’s novel are inextricably linked with the character’s living and with the life of the country. The description of the palace built by Golitsyn at the peak of his career is based on the Sergei Solovyov’s “History of Russia in ancient times”. Golitsyn left it and went to his estate outside Moscow Medvedkovo and from there in exile.

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