scholarly journals Cooperation of small rural commodity producers in post-reform Russia: factors and conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
P. S. Kabytov ◽  
O. A. Bezgina
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
High Interest Rate ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Time Trace ◽  
Economic Need ◽  
Cooperative Knowledge

In this article, the authors, based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, using the statistical method and a systematic approach, analyzed the first steps in the development of cooperative societies in the rural environment using the example of the Volga region provinces. The factors and conditions were identified, the totality of which influenced the rate of spread and development of cooperative forms of management in the peasant environment during the post-reform period. This is, firstly, the urgent economic need for the peasant in inexpensive credit: the lack of financial resources forced them to borrow from usurers at a high interest rate; secondly, the efforts of representatives of the aristocracy, intelligentsia and zemstvos to draw attention to this problem, to promote and demonstrate the first experiences of cooperative work; thirdly, the actions of the state to create and develop cooperative legislation. The authors analyze examples of cooperative endeavors that were initiated by the most enlightened people of their time; trace the activities of the zemstvo in the dissemination of cooperative ideas in the peasant environment, the promotion of cooperative knowledge, assistance in opening cooperative partnerships and the provision of initial loans to peasants by rural credit and savings and loan associations; state measures at the legislative level to activate peasant self-help. The analysis of all the above factors in the development of cooperative societies in the peasant environment allowed the authors, following the ups and downs of the processes described, to draw a conclusion about their interaction and influence on the development of the cooperative movement in Russia. In zemstvo and state circles, an understanding has been formed that without the inclusion of peasants in a market economy, it is impossible to develop the infrastructure of the agricultural sector. At the same time, the authors are convinced that without the gradually emerging objective conditions, all these efforts would hardly have been justified.

Cooperative Сrediting: Prospects of F.V. Raiffeisen Approaches Application in Ukrainian Agricultural Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Andrii Panteleimonenko ◽  
◽  
Vladyslav Honcharenko ◽  
Svitlana Kasyan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Professional Journals ◽  
Credit Cooperatives ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
The 19Th Century

It is emphasized that at the beginning of the XXI century application of cooperative lending experience of F.W. Raiffeisen cooperatives model in Ukrainian practice allowed credit unions to abandon collateral as the main form of credit security. For many small agricultural producers, especially farmers, signing of a group agreement on joint and several liability (formation of the so-called loan circle) was almost the only opportunity to obtain loans. The main reason for stopping this practice is indicated. It was caused by the consequences of the global financial and economic crisis, the first appearances of which have been felt in Ukrainian economy since 2008. It is discovered that the content of publications presented in scientific professional journals of Ukraine only to some extent reveals the essence of F.W. Raiffeisen approaches on lending to small rural producers. The need for in-depth study of such experiences is emphasized. It is proposed to establish rural credit societies in Ukraine, which are based on the experience of F.W. Raiffeisen credit cooperatives. The important role of state and local governments in the financial support of this process is emphasized. The external financing mechanism for such cooperatives, especially at the initial stage of their activity, with the use of F.W. Raiffeisen loan circles practice is described. Establishing rural credit societies to finance peasants and farmers are indicated as promising. A model of a rural credit society is proposed. It was successfully functioning in Germany, as well as on the territory of other European countries, including Ukrainian provinces, starting from the end of the 19th century. And provided that appropriate changes are made to current Ukrainian legislation, these rural credit societies can become a source of affordable loans for the development of farming. The expediency of detailing the proposed model of a credit cooperative is indicated, taking into account all the principles typical for cooperatives of F.W. Raiffeisen model.

scholarly journals Are Cooperatives an Employment Option? A Job Preference Study of Millennial University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7210
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Buendía-Martínez ◽  
Carolina Hidalgo-López ◽  
Eric Brat
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Business College ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Job Preference ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Cooperative Knowledge ◽  
Preference Study

Millennials represent the most important group among the working age population. Destined to be the leaders of the future, their professional and personal profiles differ considerably from previous generations. Despite being considered as the most successful generation, millennials face a societal transformation and a labor reality marked by high levels of unemployment and underemployment that shape their career choice. Although millennials’ and university students’ job preferences have long been debated in the literature, some research gaps remain. Studies rarely consider the interplay between individuals’ profiles and the institutional form of business, particularly cooperative versus non cooperative options. To predict the compatibility between Millennials’ profiles and the cooperative job preference, a multinomial logit model is developed based on a survey of millennial business college students. Our key findings showed that some extrinsic issues are related to cooperative job preference, however the factor that has the most significant impact is the cooperative knowledge. This has important implications for the cooperative movement and for policy makers in charge of cooperative development.

Mass- and Elite-Based Strategies for Cooperative Development in Wartime Nationalist China: Western Views on the ‘Gung Ho’ Industrial Cooperative Experience

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Clegg
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Developmental Strategy ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
Cooperative Models

This discussion examines wartime debates over the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives’ (CIC) ‘Gung Ho’ movement. The CIC experience provides a distinctive case study of mobilisation in Nationalist China at war, endeavouring to extend the momentum of the ‘great industrial migration’, as a force for social transformation, from the inland cities to the countryside. CIC was also to become a focus for overseas support for China’s resistance against Japanese invasion. The discussion reveals differences over elite- and mass-based strategies for cooperative development as revealed from Western inputs into the CIC debates, at the same time noting different ways in which foreigners sought to strengthen relations with wartime China. While CIC’s promoters reached beyond philanthropism towards a pragmatic solidarity, cooperative experts from the emerging international development community sought universal formulations for overseas assistance, advocating adherence to Western cooperative models, and reinforcing an elitist emphasis on expertise. CIC was to fall far short of its ambitions for a people’s cooperative movement as a permanent force for China’s democratic future. Here it is argued that under combined pressures of Guomindang (Nationalist Party, Kuomintang) statism and Western neocolonialism, CIC’s distinctive developmental strategy, based on the mobilisation of workers in cooperative self-help, was never allowed to fulfil its potential.

scholarly journals EVOLUÇÃO DA QUANTIDADE DE MÁQUINAS E IMPLEMENTOS AGRÍCOLAS NAS PROPRIEDADES RURAIS BRASILEIRAS (1960-2017)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
Bruna Antunes da Silva ◽  
César Augustus Winck
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Rural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Machines

O setor agropecuário brasileiro é destaque no cenário econômico mundial. A modernização do agronegócio é peça chave no crescimento da produção agrícola. Nos últimos anos a indústria de máquinas e implementos agrícolas brasileira vem investindo em tecnologias para atender a demanda dos produtores rurais e as peculiaridades de cada região do país. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo foi a associação entre revisão sistemática, análise documental e dados secundários do setor de máquinas e implementos. O objetivo foi elaborar um levantamento da quantidade de maquinário nas propriedades rurais brasileiras, mostrando a sua evolução através dos anos. Pode-se observar uma relação entre a expansão da área plantada e o número de máquinas agrícolas. O índice de mecanização mostra que houve um aumento do número de tratores por hectares de área cultivada de lavoura. Há também uma ligação entre o crédito rural disponibilizado e a aquisição de novas máquinas e implementos.Palavras-Chave: Agricultura. Máquinas agrícolas. Tecnologias. Agronegócio. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND IMPLEMENTS IN BRAZILIAN RURAL PROPERTIESAbstract: The Brazilian agricultural sector is a highlight in the world economic scenario. The modernization of agribusiness is a key factor in the growth of agricultural production. In recent years, the Brazilian agricultural machinery and implements industry has been investing in technologies to meet the demand of rural producers and as peculiarities of each region of the country. The methodology used in this study was the association between systematic review, documentary analysis and secondary data of machines and implements. The objective of this study was to elaborate a survey about the number of machineries in Brazilian rural properties, showing their evolution over the years. There is a relation that can be observed between an expansion of the planted area and the number of agricultural machines. The mechanization index shows that there was an increase in the number of tractors per hectare of crop area. There is also a connection between the rural credit available and purchase of new machines and implements.Keywords: Agriculture. Agricultural machinery. Technology. Agribusiness.

Wars, public finances and interest rates for rural lending: evidence from 19th-century Lima

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-172
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Zegarra
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rural Credit ◽  
National Archives ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of political instability on rural credit in Lima between 1835 and 1865. In particular, it explores the effects of wars on interest rates for the agricultural sector. Design/methodology/approach The paper relies on primary sources for the study of the early credit market of Lima. In particular, the study relies on a sample of more than 800 notarized loans for 1835–1865, collected from the National Archives of Peru, to determine the effect of wars on the cost of credit. Findings The evidence shows that wars increased interest rates on rural loans and that the impact of wars on the cost of credit was greater when the State lacked fiscal resources. Political instability made funding more costly for landlords and farmers, especially in the late 1830s and early 1840s. Originality/value This paper is one of the few historical studies on the role of wars on rural credit in Latin America. It contributes to our understanding of the linkages between political instability and financial development.

scholarly journals Cooperative movement in the agricultural sector: retrospective, modernity, future

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (54) ◽  
pp. 9-36
Author(s):  
Lyubov Moldavan ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
State Support ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Cooperative Development ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with historical aspects of the cooperative development from primary local forms to national and supranational cooperative structures. The author substantiates differences between cooperative and commercial corporate vertically integrated organizational forms in assigning the final economic result. The main factors of longevity and viability of cooperative forms are identified and substantiated, which include the principles of economic democracy, transparency, and solidarity in cooperatives; the unity of interests of cooperative members as its owners and cooperative services customers; the ability of cooperatives to adapt to rapidly changing external conditions; the impact of cooperatives on price stabilization and food affordability, which characterizes them as both economic and socio-humanistic essence; and solid economic and social connection with communities. The objective conditionality of the state support has been proved for the development of the cooperative movement as a factor in preserving the farming type of economy, promoting the rural population, the development of the rural areas, and strengthening the country’s food sovereignty. The author proves the conformity of cooperative forms of economic activity organization to the principles of sustainable development, which provides them with demand in the future of the agricultural sector. Generalized foreign practice of forming a favorable institutional and legal environment for the cooperative development, their financial support at the formation stage, staffing, and informational and advisory support. The main causes of the slow revival of the cooperative movement in the domestic agricultural sector are explained, and guidelines and ways of their elimination are outlined. Among them, the author identifies as urgent the aligning of domestic cooperative legislation with Western European legal practice and the introduction of long-term state support programs for the development of cooperative movement in Ukraine’s agricultural sector.

scholarly journals Improving Agricultural Sector: The Role of Mudharabah Financing (Study on Sharia Financing Savings and Loans Cooperatives)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Dewi Layyinatus Syifa ◽  
Ahmad Ajib Ridlwan
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Savings And Loans ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Sector Data

Abstract: This study aims to determine the role of mudharabah financing in a Financing Savings and Loan Cooperative towards improving the agricultural sector. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The study results indicate that cooperatives play a role in improving the agricultural sector with the help of the capital provided. The increase in the agricultural sector can be seen from the adequacy of capital, increased welfare, and increased labor. However, the improvement of cooperatives' welfare and other factors such as natural weather conditions play a role in improving farmers' welfare. As for the suitability of implementing mudharabah financing in cooperatives, there is still a discrepancy between the implementation and the DSN MUI fatwa No. 7 of 2000 concerning Mudharabah Financing, the capital used by cooperative members is not 100% of the cooperative. Members also do not get the opportunity to bargain about the amount of profit sharing.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran pembiayaan mudharabah di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Pembiayaan terhadap peningkatan sektor pertanian. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan ialah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan koperasi berperan dalam meningkatkan sektor pertanian dengan bantuan modal yang diberikan. Adapun peningkatan pada sektor pertanian dapat dilihat dari kecukupan modal, peningkatan kesejahteraan, serta peningkatan tenaga kerja. Akan tetapi, dalam peningkatan kesejahteraan koperasi tidak berperan secara keseluruhan dikarenakan terdapat faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kesejahteraan petani yakni kondisi cuaca alam. Sedangkan untuk kesesuaian pelaksanaan pembiayaan mudharabah pada koperasi masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian antara pelaksanaan dengan fatwa DSN MUI No 7 tahun 2000 tentang Pembiayaan Mudharabah, yakni modal yang digunakan anggota koperasi tidak 100% dari koperasi, serta anggota juga tidak mendapatkan kesempatan dalam melakukan tawar-menawar mengenai besaran bagi hasil.

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