scholarly journals Calcium and Inorganic Phosphorous Levels in Stimulated and Unstimulated Saliva in Early Childhood Caries – A Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Lisa R. Jolly ◽  
Amarshree Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorous ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration ◽  
Childhood Caries

<strong>Introduction</strong>: Saliva, a chief player in the oral cavity, is determined by its secretion rate and quality to aid either in the development of caries, or its remineralization. The ability for saliva to function as a source of calcium and phosphate increases its supportive properties as it influences the precipitation or dissolution of calcium hydroxyapatite (HAP), the principal inorganic component of dental hard tissue.<p><strong>Materials&amp;Methods</strong>: 30 healthy children, aged between 3 and 6 years old were screened and recruited for the study at the Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry of the A.B Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, a constituent of Nitte University. The subjects were clinically examined and scored based on their decayed, missing (due to caries) and filled surfaces (dfs) and were further categorized into two equal groups of 15.</p><p><strong>Result</strong>: In the subjects with Early Childhood Caries (ECC), the mean calcium concentration in samples of unstimulated saliva was 4.2383 ± 0.8594 and in samples of stimulated saliva was 4.1965 ± 0.6240. While, the mean inorganic phosphorous concentration in samples of unstimulated saliva was 3.219 ± 0.8540and in samples of stimulated saliva was 3.0634 ± 0.5470.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: From this study, we obtained a relationship between calcium, saliva and the caries status of children with the calcium concentration decreasing with increase in the caries status, as well as on stimulation of saliva.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

Streptococcus Mutans Strains in Mother-Child Pairs of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Subramaniam ◽  
Revathy Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Similar Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Only Children ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: Dental caries is both an infectious and transmissible disease. Maternal transfer of Mutans Streptococci occurs at an early age and is important in the initiation of dental caries in children. The aim of this study was to identify certain strains of Streptococcus mutans in mother-child pairs, of children with early childhood caries. Study design: Sixty mother-child pairs of healthy children aged 18–36 months were selected. Mothers with high levels of Streptococcus mutans in their saliva and only children with ECC were included. Dental plaque samples were collected from mother-child pairs. The plaque samples were stored, transferred to the laboratory and analyzed for Streptococcus mutans strains c, f, e and k, present in mother-child pairs using Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis for level of similarity in Streptococcus mutans strains present in mother-child pairs. Results: A similar distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains c, f and k was identified in 28 mother-child pairs. Streptococcus mutans strain e was seen in 18 pairs. Conclusion: Less than 50% of mother-child pairs showed similarity in distribution of Streptococcus mutans strains.

scholarly journals Associations between early childhood caries, malnutrition and anemia: a global perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Robert J Schroth ◽  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Authur Kemoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Eta Squared ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background: Malnutrition is the main risk factor for most common communicable diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children. Methods: Matched country-level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence were generated from databases covering the period 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for gross national income per capita. Adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed. Results: The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence was 23.8 (14.8)% for 0-2 year-olds and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5-year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048). Conclusion: Country-level prevalence of ECC was associated with malnutrition in 0-2-year-olds and with anemia in 3-5-year-olds. The pathway for the direct relationship between ECC and overweight may be diet related. The pathway for the inverse relationship between ECC and anemia is less clear and needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Associations between early childhood caries and malnutrition and anemia: A global perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Folayan ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Robert J Schroth ◽  
Ana Vukovic ◽  
Authur Kemoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background To determine the relationship between country-level prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC), malnutrition and anemia in infants and preschool children.Methods Matched country level ECC, malnutrition and anemia prevalence information were generated from databases covering the period from 2000 to 2017. Multivariate general linear models were developed to assess the relationship between outcome variables (prevalence of stunting, wasting, overweight, and anemia) and the explanatory variable (ECC prevalence) adjusted for Gross National Income per capita. The adjusted regression coefficients (B) and partial eta squared were computed.Results The mean (standard deviation (SD)) ECC prevalence for 0-2 year-olds was 23.8 (14.8)% and 57.3 (22.4)% for 3-5 year-olds. The mean (SD) prevalence of wasting was 6.3 (4.8)%, overweight was 7.2 (4.9)%, stunting was 24.3 (13.5)%, and anemia was 37.8 (18.1)%. For 0-2-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association observed was between the prevalence of ECC and overweight (η2= 0.21): one percent higher ECC prevalence was associated with 0.12% higher prevalence of overweight (B= 0.12, P= 0.03). In 3-5-year-olds, the strongest and only significant association was observed between the prevalence of ECC and anemia (η2= 0.08): one percent higher prevalence of ECC was associated with 0.14% lower prevalence of anemia (B= -0.14, P= 0.048).Conclusion There were age-related disparities in the relationship between country-level prevalence of ECC, malnutrition and anemia. The relationship between ECC and overweight may be due to intake of sugars. The relationship between ECC and anemia needs further investigations.

scholarly journals Relationship between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans in early childhood caries, evaluated by quantitative PCR

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang W. Bachtiar ◽  
Boy M. Bachtiar
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background:The aim of this study was to analyze the synergistic relationship betweenCandida albicansandStreptococcus mutansin children with early childhood caries (ECC) experience.Methods:Dental plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were taken from 30 subjects aged 3-5 years old, half with (n=15, dmft > 4) and half without (n=15) ECC. The abundance ofC. albicansandS. mutansand relative to total bacteria load were quantify by real-time PCR (qPCR). This method was also employed to investigate the mRNA expression of glycosyltransferase (gtfB) gene in dental plaque. Student’s t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used to perform statistical analysis.Results:Within the ECC group, the quantity of both microorganisms were higher in the saliva than in dental plaque. The ratio ofC. albicansto total bacteria was higher in saliva than in plaque samples (p < 0.05). We observed the opposite forS. mutans(p < 0.05). The different value ofC. albicansandS. mutansin saliva was positively correlated, and negatively correlated in dental plaque. Transcription level ofS. mutans gtfBshowed a positive correlation withC. albicansconcentration in dental plaque. Conclusion:C. albicanshas a positive correlation with cariogenic traits ofS. mutansin ECC-related biofilm of young children.

scholarly journals Dietary intake and early childhood caries

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-9
Author(s):  
Lina María Villegas ◽  
Judy Elena Villavicencio ◽  
Adolfo Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Single Origin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) affect children less than 71 months of age (1) and it represents a public health problem in countries worldwide (2–4). The mean ECC prevalence in United Nations Countries was 23.8% in children younger than 36 months and 57.3% in children aged 36 to 71 months. East Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean were the worst affected by ECC among children aged 36 to 71 months (5). Dental caries pertains to a group of diseases that are estimated “complex” or “multifactorial,” with no single origin pathway (6) and it is resulted by the interaction of bacteria, mainly Streptococci mutans (SM) and  actobacilli (LB), and sugary foods on tooth enamel (6,7). Additionally, there must be a lack of oral hygiene and lack of use of fluoride (8).

scholarly journals Biofilm Accumulation and Sucrose Rinse Modulate the Calcium and Fluoride Bioavailability in the Saliva of Children with Early Childhood Caries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Lopes Crescente ◽  
Emerson Tavares de Sousa ◽  
Aline Tavares Lima-Holanda ◽  
Carolina Steiner-Oliveira ◽  
Marinês Nobre-dos-Santos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract This quasi-experimental study aimed at investigating the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and 20% sucrose rinse on the modulation of calcium (Ca2+), phosphate (Pi), and fluoride (F-) bioavailability in saliva of children with early childhood caries (ECC). In-that, fifty-six preschoolers of both genders were evaluated according to caries experience and activity: caries-free (CF, n=28) and with ECC (n=28) and then, submitted to biofilm intervention (biofilm accumulation or no biofilm accumulation). In each situation, saliva samples were collected before and five minutes after a 20% sucrose rinse to determine the concentrations of Ca2+, Pi, and F−. Calcium concentration was significantly lower in the biofilm accumulation situation compared to the situation of biofilm mechanical control, except for children CF after sucrose rinse. Biofilm accumulation increased salivary calcium concentration in children with ECC after sucrose rinse, whereas mechanical biofilm control reduced it in both groups. The phosphate concentration was influenced by mechanical control of the biofilm in CF children. The fluoride bioavailability was reduced by sucrose rinse and biofilm accumulation in CF and ECC children. In conclusion, the combined effect of biofilm accumulation and sucrose rinse modifies the bioavailability of calcium and fluoride in the saliva of children with early childhood caries.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of early childhood caries in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Ayodeji Babatunde Oginni ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Tracy L. Finlayson ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cavitated Lesions ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) in children 6–71-months; identify the teeth most at risk for ECC; and identify risk indicators associated with significant caries index (SiC) score in different age groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that collected data (using a household survey) on the ECC risk indicators (frequency of tooth brushing, consumption of refined carbohydrate in-between-meals, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste, and dental service utilization in the 12 months) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. We computed the prevalence of ECC using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASI (d1–6)) index; caries severity using the ICDAS-2(d1–2) and ICDAS-3(d3–6) for non-cavitated and cavitated lesions respectively, decayed missing, filled teeth (dmft), and surfaces (dmfs) and SiC indices; and caries complications using the pulp (p), ulceration (u), fistula (f) and abscesses (a) (pufa) index, for children 6–11-months-old, 12–23-months-old, 23–35-months-old, 35–47-months-old; 48–59-months-old and 60–71-months-old. The differences in the mean dmft, dmfs, pufa scores, and ICDAS 1, 2, and 3 scores, and proportion of children with each ECC risk indicator were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk indicators for the ECC SiC index score for each age group. Results The prevalence of ECC was 4.7%: 2.9% had non-cavitated lesions and 2.8% had cavitated lesions. The mean (SD) dmft, dmfs and pufa scores were 0.13 (0.92), 0.24 (1.91) and 0.04 (0.46) respectively. The dmft and dmfs scores were highest among the 24–35-months-olds while the SiC score was highest among the 12–23-months-olds. There were no significant differences in dmft, dmfs, and pufa scores between the different age groups. Toothbrushing more than once a day was the only factor associated with the SiC score: it decreases the odds for the SiC score in children 48–59-months-old. The teeth worst affected by ECC were #85 and #61. Conclusion The prevalence, severity and risk indicator for ECC seems to differ for each age group. The granular details on the risk profile of children with ECC in this population with a low ECC prevalence and burden can allow for the planning of age-targeted interventions.

scholarly journals The prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Mei ◽  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Qiao Li ◽  
Xiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Level ◽  
Oral Health Knowledge ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) among 3-year-old children in Wenzhou China. Methods Kindergarten children aged 3 were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling method. Dental examinations were conducted by one trained dentist, and oral health-related data were collected. Examinations were surface-specific for dental caries, following World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Bivariate tests and logistic regression models were used to assess the association between ECC and different risk factors. Results A total of 693 children were recruited for the study, and 445 completed the dental examination. Among the 445 children, the prevalence of ECC was 59.8%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth (dmft) was 2.9, and of the total dmft, only 6.3% were filled. The mean decayed, missing, and filled primary surface (dmfs) was 4.9. Logistic regression analyses identified age and parents’ oral health knowledge level were associated with the experience of ECC (P<0.05). Conclusions A higher prevalence of ECC was observed and most of the carious teeth were untreated. The experience of ECC was related to age and parents’ oral health knowledge level.

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in Public Housing

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Henshaw ◽  
B. Borrelli ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
B. Heaton ◽  
E.M. Tooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Oral Health Behaviors ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Caries experience among preschool-age children has remained relatively unchanged for the past 2 decades, despite recently documented decreases in untreated decay. Objectives: In a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial, a motivational interviewing (MI) intervention administered to primary caregivers was hypothesized to reduce caries increment over 2 y as compared with controls, among children aged 0 to 5 y at baseline living in public housing. Methods: Public housing residents, who served as interventionists, were trained in MI with a focus on early childhood caries prevention. All 26 eligible public housing developments were randomized to either control (quarterly clinical examinations, fluoride varnish applications, toothbrush/toothpaste, and educational brochures) or intervention (same procedures as control plus MI counseling). Quarterly MI sessions were delivered in English or Spanish over 2 y, audio recorded, and assessed for treatment fidelity. The primary outcome was the increment in dmfs (decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces) as assessed by clinical examination at baseline, 12 mo, and 24 mo. Secondary outcomes included caregiver oral health knowledge and child oral health behaviors (child toothbrushing and sugar-sweetened beverage intake). Baseline characteristics were compared between groups and adjusted for housing-site clusters. Longitudinal outcomes were analyzed with mixed models. Results: A total of 1,065 children (49% female, 55% non-White, 61% Hispanic, 89% below poverty level, n = 686 control) and their caregivers were enrolled. During 2 y of follow-up, the mean dmfs increment increased in both groups; however, there were no statistically significant group differences at 24 mo or group × time interactions. The mean increase in intervention caregivers’ knowledge was significantly greater than that of control, F(2, 1,593) = 3.48, P = 0.0310, but there were no significant intervention effects on caregiver-reported child sugar-sweetened beverage intake or child toothbrushing. Conclusion: MI counseling plus intensive caries prevention activities resulted in knowledge increases but did not improve oral health behaviors or caries increment (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01205971). Knowledge Transfer Statement: When viewed in light of the findings from the companion Pine Ridge study and other recent MI studies, the results of this study suggest that when the complex disease of early childhood caries is addressed in high-risk populations, MI is not effective, and alternative approaches are warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document