scholarly journals Optical Radiation from the Sputtered Species under Excitation of Ternary Mixtures of Noble Gases by the 6Li(n,α)3H Nuclear Reaction Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
K. Samarkhanov ◽  
M. Khasenov ◽  
E. Batyrbekov ◽  
Yu. Gordienko ◽  
Yu. Baklanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Ternary Mixtures ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Energy Excitation

The present paper examines the luminescence of ternary Ar-Kr-Xe and Ne-Ar-Kr mixtures of noble gases in the spectral range from 300 to 970 nm, excited by the 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. A thin layer of lithium applied on the walls of the experimental device, stabilized in the matrix of the capillary-porous structure, serves as a source of gas excitation. During in-pile tests, conducted at the IVG.1M research reactor, thermal neutrons interact via the 6Li(n,α)3H reaction, and the emergent alpha particles with a kinetic energy of 2.05 MeV and tritium ions with a kinetic energy of 2.73 MeV excite gaseous medium. The study was carried out in a wide temperature range. The temperature dependence of the intensity of the emission of the atoms of noble gases and alkali metals, heteronuclear ionic molecules of noble gases were studied. The obtained values of the activation energy of the emission process 1.58 eV for lithium and 0.72 eV for potassium agree well with the known values of evaporation energy. Excitation of alkali metals atoms occurs consequently of the Penning process of alkali metals atoms on noble gas atoms in the 1s-states and further ion-molecular reactions.

scholarly journals Emission of Noble Gases Binary Mixtures under Excitation by the Products of the 6Li (n, α)3 H Nuclear Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kuanysh Samarkhanov ◽  
Mendykhan Khasenov ◽  
Erlan Batyrbekov ◽  
Inesh Kenzhina ◽  
Yerzhan Sapatayev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Noble Gas ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gas Molecules ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The luminescence of Kr-Xe, Ar-Kr, and Ar-Xe mixtures was studied in the spectral range 300–970 nm when excited by 6Li (n, α)3 H nuclear reaction products in the core of a nuclear reactor. Lithium was deposited on walls of experimental cell in the form of a capillary-porous structure, which made it possible to measure up to a temperature of 730 K. The temperature dependence of the radiation intensity of noble gas atoms, alkali metals, and heteronuclear ionic noble gas molecules was studied. Also, as in the case of single-component gases, the appearance of lithium lines and impurities of sodium and potassium is associated with vaporization during the release of nuclear reaction products from the lithium layer. The excitation of lithium atoms occurs mainly as a result of the Penning process of lithium atoms on noble gas atoms in the 1s states and subsequent ion-molecular reactions. Simultaneous radiation at transitions of atoms of noble gases and lithium, heteronuclear ion molecules of noble gases allows us to increase the efficiency of direct conversion of nuclear energy into light.

scholarly journals Emission of noble gases and their mixtures with lithium excited by the products of the 6Li(n,α)3H nuclear reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 18-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. N. Gordienko ◽  
M. U. Khasenov ◽  
E. G. Batyrbekov ◽  
K. K. Samarkhanov ◽  
Yu. V. Ponkratov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Luminescence Spectra ◽  
Buffer Gas ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Gas Chamber ◽  
By Products

AbstractResearch results of luminescence spectra of noble gases and Ar–Xe, Ar–Kr, and Kr–Xe mixtures under the excitation by products of nuclear reaction in the core of a stationary nuclear reactor with 0.87 × 1014 n/cm2s thermal neutron flux are described in the article. The emission spectra of noble gases are similar to the obtained spectrum under the excitation by the 40Ar+7 ion beam from the DC-60 accelerator. Bands in spectra of the binary mixtures of noble gases are connected with the radiation on heteronuclear ion molecule transitions. The appearance of the lines of alkali metal atoms at the temperature increase of gas chamber is explained by sputtering of the lithium layer via nuclear reaction products as well as ionized and excited particles of the buffer gas.

scholarly journals Study of Luminescence in Noble Gases and Binary Kr-Xe Mixture Excited by the Products of 6Li(n,α)T Nuclear Reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Samarkhanov ◽  
E. Batyrbekov ◽  
M. Khasenov ◽  
Yu. Gordienko ◽  
Zh. Zaurbekova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Optical Radiation ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
Noble Gases ◽  
Reactor Core ◽  
Surface Source ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
By Products

At the present time the direct nuclear energy conversion into optical radiation is realized in gas media in which filling of energy levels takes place in the low-temperature plasma (nuclear-excited plasma) induced by ionizing radiation. The research of optical radiation of the nuclear-excited plasma induced by products of nuclear reactions is interest for development of an alternative outlet method of energy from the nuclear reactor, creation of control and regulating bodies for parameters of nuclear reactors as well as creation of one of diagnostics of high-temperature plasma in fusion reactors. The purpose of this work was to obtain new experimental data about processes of nuclear energy conversion into optical radiation with the optimal gas media having high coefficient of nuclear energy conversion into optical radiation and also with a possibility of outlet method of energy from the nuclear reactor core. In this article, description of the reactor experimental bench (LIANA) and the experiment scheme, the irradiating ampoule device (AD) with surface source of charged particles is provided, and the procedure of reactor experiment is presented. This paper presents the results of the reactor experiments of studying the spectral-luminescent characteristics of unary noble gases (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) and binary Kr-Xe gas mixture in a 200–975 nm spectral range with ionization gaseous media by products of 6Li(n,α)T nuclear reaction under irradiation at research water-cooled heterogeneous reactor (the IVG.1M).

Estimating the reliability of revealing the fine structure in mass-kinetic energy distributions of nuclear reaction products

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Pyatkov ◽  
D. V. Kamanin ◽  
O. V. Falomkina ◽  
Yu. P. Pyt’ev ◽  
B. M. Herbst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Energy Distributions ◽  
Kinetic Energy Distributions

Lattice Location of Boron and Hafnium Dopants in an Aluminide by Use of Ion Channeling/Nuclear Reaactnio Analyses

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. Bohn ◽  
J.M. Williams ◽  
J.H. Barrett ◽  
C.T. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
Host Lattice ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
Alloy Single Crystal ◽  
Lattice Location ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Ion Channeling ◽  
Proton Interaction

AbstractExperiments have made use of Rutherford backscattering (RBS), ion channeling techniques and analyses for nuclear reaction products to study lattice location of B and Hf dopantsin an ordered nickel aluminide. Studies were of an alloy single crystal of composition Ni76A123Hf1 with about 0.1 at. % of B added. Analysis for B was accomplished by detection of alpha particles resulting from the reaction 11B(p,αi)8 Be, in ion channeling experiments in which RBS from the Ni constituent was used to control channeling in the host lattice. Yield of the reaction product from proton interaction with B decreased relative to random for channeling in a <100> direction, but increased relative to random for channeling in a <110= direction. It was concluded that B occupies primarily octahedral interstitial sites. RBS/channeling half-angles for Hf in a <100> direction are somewhat smaller than those for Ni, but nevertheless considerably larger than half-angles expected for Al. It is concluded that the majority of Hf atoms are on the Ni sublattice.

Fusion in the Sun

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Dense Plasma ◽  
Alpha Particles ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proton Proton ◽  
Atomic Nuclei ◽  
Proton Fusion ◽  
Schrödinger's Equation ◽  
Simplified Formula

Protons in the Sun’s core are a dense plasma allowing fusion events where two protons initially join to produce a deuteron. Eventually this leads to alpha particles, the mass-four nucleus of helium, releasing kinetic energy. Schrodinger’s equation allows particles to penetrate classically forbidden Coulomb barriers with small but important probabilities. The approximation known as Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) is used by Gamow to predict the rate of proton–proton fusion in the Sun, shown to be in agreement with measurements. A simplified formula is given for the power density due to fusion in the plasma constituting the Sun’s core. The properties of atomic nuclei are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals The influence of active carbon contaminants on the ozonation mechanism interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla Fijołek ◽  
Joanna Świetlik ◽  
Marcin Frankowski
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Carbon ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Bulk Solution ◽  
Ozone Decomposition ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Carbon Impurities

AbstractIn water treatment technology, activated carbons are used primarily as sorbents to remove organic impurities, mainly natural organic matter, but also as catalysts in the ozonation process. Commercially available activated carbons are usually contaminated with mineral substances, classified into two main groups: alkali metals (Ca, Na, K, Li, Mg) and multivalent metals (Al, Fe, Ti, Si). The presence of impurities on the carbon surface significantly affects the pHpzc values determined for raw and ozonated carbon as well as their acidity and alkalinity. The scale of the observed changes strongly depends on the pH of the ozonated system, which is related to the diffusion of impurities from the carbon to the solution. In an acidic environment (pH 2.5 in this work), the ozone molecule is relatively stable, yet active carbon causes its decomposition. This is the first report that indirectly indicates that contaminants on the surface of activated carbon (multivalent elements) contribute to the breakdown of ozone towards radicals, while the process of ozone decomposition by purified carbons does not follow the radical path in bulk solution. Carbon impurities also change the distribution of the reaction products formed by organic pollutants ozonation, which additionally confirms the radical process. The study showed that the use of unpurified activated carbon in the ozonation of succinic acid (SA) leads to the formation of a relatively large amount of oxalic acid (OA), which is a product of radical SA degradation. On the other hand, in solutions with purified carbon, the amount of OA generated is negligible.

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