scholarly journals THE EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA: SPATIAL ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
R. L. Korchagin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Technological Entrepreneurship ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Advanced Production

The development of technological entrepreneurship is necessary since new technologies and the level of knowledge are the factors determining the macroeconomic indicators, along with capital and labor. It is essential to identify the effectiveness of the development of technological entrepreneurship as an institution that transforms the research, development, and intellectual property into ready-made advanced production technologies. The paper studies the interrelation between the resources available to technological entrepreneurship (the level of costs for research and development, intellectual property) and the results in the form of the creation of new technologies. The author carried out the analysis at the national and regional levels. For this reason, two new indicators are calculated: the ratio of the number of patents for inventions to the number of the developed advanced production technologies; the ratio of the number of the developed advanced production technologies to the internal costs of research and development. At the national level, the author studied the change in these indicators for 2000–2018, determined trends and dynamics peculiarities. The study identified the influence of changes in the methodology of statistical accounting in 2011–2012 on assessing technological entrepreneurship efficiency. At the regional level, the author studied the variants of indicators of the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development, evaluated the nature of the distribution, and concluded on the degree of regional asymmetry. The paper includes the analytical grouping of Russian regions by the effectiveness of technological entrepreneurship development and its use of the resources of the national innovation system. The key features of the national dynamics of technological entrepreneurship efficiency are the improvement of the efficiency of the usage of intellectual property (patents) in general over the period and the unstable nature of this indicator in the last 5–7 years. At the regional level, the author noted a right-sided asymmetry in the distribution of both indicators and identified the regions with the highest and lowest efficiency of technological entrepreneurship development. The study showed that technological entrepreneurship efficiency does not always coincide with the positions of a region in the innovative development ratings.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION, ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

1996 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 267-285
Author(s):  
FRANCIS W. RUSHING ◽  
MARK A. THOMPSON
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Impact

This paper brings together the importance of intellectual property protection (IPP) and entrepreneurship in economic growth. The paper surveys the economic literature on what factors are important to growth. The focus is on recent models of endogenous growth which reflect on the role of investment, technological change and education. Secondly, publications, which measure the impact of IPP on some of the growth elements identified are reviewed. The third section deals with IPP and the entrepreneur as an important agent and facilitator of growth. It discusses the nature of IPP as an incentive in not only stimulating the development of new technologies and processes but also the dissemination of existing technologies. Using the surveys as background, short case studies for India and Brazil are presented on IPP as a stimulus and application of research and development. The last section summarizes the previous sections and draws some conclusions with respect to policy.

scholarly journals PRECONDITIONS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1(63)) ◽  
pp. 260-267
Author(s):  
I.N. Sarajeva ◽  
N.I. Nosova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
International Markets ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Innovation Potential ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Innovation And Technology ◽  
Technological Entrepreneurship ◽  
Improvement Of Legislation

The article is analyzed the existing innovation potential of enterprises in Ukraine in the light of international ratings. It is shown that its level is quite sufficient for the development of technological entrepreneurship and the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems. At the same time, in Ukraine there is no effective state policy that contributes to the formation of an innovative business infrastructure. Financial, tax, credit incentives for the development of innovation and technology transfer are not working. Mechanisms of protection of intellectual property are inefficient. The system of supporting venture financing is not developing; there are no incentives for attracting private business funds to carry out research and development. Certain structural elements of the innovation system exist, for example, technoparks, venture companies and others, but they are a set of rather heterogeneous elements and therefore generally do not play a significant role in the implementation of innovative projects. The main guidelines of the State and regional policy should be: improvement of legislation in the field of innovative entrepreneurship and mechanisms for its financing, encouraging the opening of small innovative enterprises in universities, the formation of new infrastructure components of the innovation system, in particular, services to promote innovative products to international markets; development of investment and management consulting institutes in the sphere of innovative entrepreneurship, stimulation of stable demand for high-tech products and on the innovative companies with all their developments and intellectual property.

scholarly journals Cooperation and Partnership in Science and Technology in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Arkhipova ◽  
V Sirotin ◽  
V Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Patent Activity ◽  
Regular Monitoring ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Advanced Production

The paper is about main trends of cooperation activity in research and development in Russia nowadays. It is focused on types of cooperation and types of partners in joint projects. Special attention is paid to cooperation in manufacturing. This makes it possible to diagnose possible points of innovation growth, that is, types of manufacturing activities that are of interest to both Russian and foreign partners. The study of the partnership in the dynamics allowed us to see a reduction in the share of suppliers of equipment, raw and materials in joint projects, as well as the share of consulting firms. To study the factors that have a decisive influence on the cooperation activity of organizations, a logit model is created. It shows that the probability of cooperation increases with the growth of novelty of the created advanced production technologies, innovation and patent activity of enterprises. The proposed aggregate indicator of cooperation activity can provide regular monitoring of cooperation and partnership in R&D.

FE Simulation and Experimental Study of Tube Hydroforming Process for AA1050 Alloy at Various Temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 264-265 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Hassan Moslemi Naeini ◽  
Golam Hosein Liaghat ◽  
S.J. Hashemi Ghiri ◽  
S.M.H. Seyedkashi
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Tube Hydroforming ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Hydroforming Process ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Advanced Production

Considering the necessity of using light weight, high strength and corrosion resistant materials, automotive and aerospace industries need to use advanced production technologies. Hydroforming has been regarded as one of the new technologies in forming of aluminium and magnesium alloys. These alloys have very low formability at room temperature which will be improved at elevated temperatures. In this paper, AA1050 aluminium alloy tube is numerically and experimentally investigated at different temperatures. Thickness distribution in forming zone is studied under different thermal conditions. Numerical results have been verified by experiments and there is a good agreement.

scholarly journals Protection of intellectual property rights in the conditions of innovative development of countries

1970 ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Maryna Kovalova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Property System

The research intensive companies have been increasingly emphasizing on the commercialization of their innovations to adopt a central strategy for competitive advantage. During last two decades, many small and medium companies have shifted their focus to technological inventions leading to entrepreneurship and simultaneously they are commercializing their new technologies. A well-balanced and accessible intellectual property system plays an important role in this process. Intellectual property rights serve to protect the often large and high-risk investments in innovative companies, thereby providing major incentives to make such investments. Patents and intellectual property are important products of any national innovation system. Innovation is a key driver of economic growth and development in the medium and long term for each country. The concept of innovation can be described as the process of introducing new products, services and production processes to the market and, as a consequence, the creation of new profitable enterprises. A properly created system of protection and protection of intellectual property rights grants exclusive rights to inventors and thus increases their chances of getting the start-up (initial) investments they need to bring new technologies to the market. In other words, intellectual property rights are a key prerequisite for the emergence of intellectual property in the market. Comparison of European legislation with Ukrainian legal standards shows that Ukraine has embarked on a path that is broadly in line with the general global trends in the evolution of legislation in technology transfer. Additional rules that have been successfully applied in European legislation (but are not yet in Ukrainian) can be further integrated into existing legal acts or incorporated into draft new laws, such as the law on the commercialization (transfer) of technologies. The problems that Ukraine will have to solve in the field of technology commercialization in the next few years make it necessary to study the experience of developed countries. Copying is not possible, any innovative measures are successful in the national context: economic, social, legal, etc.

scholarly journals A Literature Evaluation of Systemic Challenges Affecting the European Maritime Energy Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 715
Author(s):  
Jurrit M. Bergsma ◽  
Jeroen Pruyn ◽  
Geerten van de Kaa
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Developing Strategy ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Emission Growth

Energy transition is affecting the European maritime sector at an increasing rate. New technologies and regulations are being introduced with increasing speed. The ability to adapt to these changes is crucial for the economic success of the maritime sector. However, the sector is challenged by inertia due to its global nature and long-life assets (e.g., vessels). These developments result in a globally projected greenhouse gas emission growth rather than a reduction towards 2050. The sector can be considered essential to economic prosperity, but its innovation system should align with global sustainability trends. This article aims to structure and evaluate the maritime sector’s systemic challenges by conducting an extensive systematic review of (sustainable) maritime innovation literature. These findings are structured and discussed via four key activities that support the transition process: developing strategy and policy, creating legitimacy, mobilizing resources, and developing and disseminating knowledge.

scholarly journals A Regional Review of Genetic Resource Access and Benefit Sharing – Key Issues and Research Gaps

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Clare Morrison ◽  
Fran Humphries ◽  
Charles Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
National Level ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Access And Benefit Sharing ◽  
Legal Mechanism

Countries are increasingly using access and benefit sharing (ABS) as a legal mechanism to support the conservation and sustainable use of the world’s biological diversity. ABS regulates collection and/or use of genetic resources/traditional knowledge and sharing benefits from their use with the provider. The purpose of this review is to assess the trends, biases and gaps of ABS literature using a regional comparative approach about the key topics of concern between each region. It analyses four key topic groupings: (1) implementation of international, regional and national ABS policy and law; (2) intellectual property and ABS; (3) traditional knowledge; and (4) research, development and commercialisation. Findings included gaps in: (1) analysing effectiveness of national level implementation; (2) addressing apparent conflicts between support for intellectual property promoting exclusivity for traditional knowledge and challenges to intellectual property exclusivity for patents; (3) examining traditional knowledge of local communities (in contrast to Indigenous Peoples); and (4) lack of practical examples that quantify benefit sharing from research and commercialisation outcomes. We conclude that future research addressing the identified gaps and biases can promote more informed understanding among stakeholders about the ABS concept and whether it is capable of delivering concrete biological conservation, sustainable use and equity outcomes.

scholarly journals Oil Price Uncertainty, Globalization, and Total Factor Productivity: Evidence from the European Union

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3429
Author(s):  
Svetlana Balashova ◽  
Apostolos Serletis
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Total Factor Productivity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Price Uncertainty ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Tfp Growth

This paper uncovers linkages between oil price uncertainty, total factor productivity (TFP) growth, and critical indicators of knowledge production and spillovers. It contributes to the literature by investigating the effects of oil price volatility on TFP growth, controlling for two different channels for TFP growth; benefits from the quality of the national innovation system and from adopting new technologies. We use an unbalanced panel for 28 European Union countries for the period from 1990 to 2018. We find that oil price uncertainty has a negative and statistically significant effect on TFP growth, even after we control for technological advancements and the effects of globalization. We also find that the scale of research and innovation and international trade are positive contributors to TFP growth.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

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