scholarly journals Conceptions of happiness: philosophical and evolutionary considerations

XLinguae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Svetlana E. Chirkina ◽  
Alexandra V. Beloborodova ◽  
Elena V. Grigorovich ◽  
Rosalina V. Shagieva ◽  
Denis G. Shelevoi
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Meaning Of Life ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Divided Self ◽  
Moral Subject

This paper offers a critical analysis of the conclusions of the most recent research in the field of social psychology and positive psychology, with a special focus on Jonathan Haidt’s conclusions published in his acclaimed book The Happiness Hypothesis (2006). Various factors contributing to subjective feelings of happiness are considered and assessed on the background of what modern research has come to call a ‘divided self,’ reflecting the dynamic and often conflicting relationship between the human rational ego and his/her emotions and internal (often subconscious) drives. While our individual genetic predispositions have a substantial impact on the way we feel and act, intentional mind-focusing techniques, proper types of psychotherapy or spiritual counselling, and adequate medicine (e.g., Prozac) have a measurable influence on human character development, subjective wellbeing, and feelings of happiness. This paper claims that it might be difficult to answer the question of what constitutes happiness and how one achieves it without answering first the question of meaning in a twofold manner: first, giving adequate consideration to life’s meaning from within, i.e., from the perspective of the personal/moral subject; and second, considering the wider context of the person’s subjective consideration in asking the question ‘what is the meaning of life’ in general. To attempt to answer this second question, one needs to delve into deeper philosophical/spiritual waters.

Social Psychology and Noninvasive Electrical Stimulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo S. Boggio ◽  
Gabriel G. Rêgo ◽  
Lucas M. Marques ◽  
Thiago L. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Social Pain ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Social Decision ◽  
Correlational Research ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Brain Behavior

Abstract. Social neuroscience and psychology have made substantial advances in the last few decades. Nonetheless, the field has relied mostly on behavioral, imaging, and other correlational research methods. Here we argue that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective and relevant technique to be used in this field of research, allowing for the establishment of more causal brain-behavior relationships than can be achieved with most of the techniques used in this field. We review relevant brain stimulation-aided research in the fields of social pain, social interaction, prejudice, and social decision-making, with a special focus on tDCS. Despite the fact that the use of tDCS in Social Neuroscience and Psychology studies is still in its early days, results are promising. As better understanding of the processes behind social cognition becomes increasingly necessary due to political, clinical, and even philosophical demands, the fact that tDCS is arguably rare in Social Neuroscience research is very noteworthy. This review aims at inspiring researchers to employ tDCS in the investigation of issues within Social Neuroscience. We present substantial evidence that tDCS is indeed an appropriate tool for this purpose.

scholarly journals Broken but Well: Healing Dimensions of Cultural Tourism Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 966
Author(s):  
Daniela Angelina Jelinčić ◽  
Ingeborg Matečić
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
Substantial Impact

Wellbeing has been researched in relation to social, wellness, rural, backpacker, senior, wildlife, transformational or transformative tourism or studies exist specifically focusing on wellbeing tourism. Surprisingly enough, there is a void of research focus on wellbeing in cultural tourism, although culture has been considered as having a substantial impact on wellbeing. The research uses the case study of the Museum of Broken Relationships (MBR) in Zagreb, Croatia, under the assumption that MBR experiences have a relevant influence on tourists’ subjective wellbeing. Subjective wellbeing was measured after the visitation using the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS) and a majority of the respondents experienced moderate to high wellbeing. Furthermore, the research aimed to investigate whether or not there is any difference between cultural and non-cultural tourists’ subjective wellbeing noted after the visitation to the Museum. The results showed that there was no substantial difference between cultural and non-cultural tourists’ subjective wellbeing.

scholarly journals The Complementary Currency Zielony in Poland and Its Importance for the Development of Local Economy Entities during the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9184
Author(s):  
Nina Stępnicka ◽  
Grzegorz Zimon ◽  
Dariusz Brzozowiec
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Complementary Currencies ◽  
Complementary Currency ◽  
The Impact

The article aims to present how the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affects the functioning and circulation of complementary currencies in entities that have joined the complementary currency system with a special focus on the complementary currency Zielony (PLZ) in Poland. The main research problem of the paper is formulated in the form of a question concerning the impact of the lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of the Zielony in Poland in commercial transactions by entities belonging to the local currency system. In order to achieve the objective and solve the main problem, the article uses such research methods as: the method of critical analysis of literature, historical method, statistical method, comparative method, observational method, free expert interview, as well as analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction and abstraction. We conducted a critical analysis of the literature and analysis of statistical data of the complementary currency Zielony in Poland in the period from March 2015 to June 2021, and the results of the expert interview showed that this currency is not a tool to support the functioning of local economy entities during non-financial crises, such as COVID-19 pandemic. This is influenced by, among other things, full or partial lockdown and other restrictions on the functioning of commercial entities during a pandemic. The consequences of such solutions include the weakening of economic activity and a decrease in the value of turnover of entities operating in various sectors of the local economy, especially entities of a service nature, which constitute about 80% of the structure of the Zielony complementary currency system in Poland. The main conclusion resulting from the conducted research is as follows: the complementary currency Zielony in Poland can influence the creation of local entrepreneurship and sustainable development and support the activities of the sector of small- and medium-sized enterprises, but these benefits are possible to achieve primarily in conditions of stable and undisturbed functioning of the economy. The realization of the payment function of the complementary currency, the Zielony, and its use in payments of entities belonging to those industries covered by lockdown and other administrative restrictions is impossible (or insignificant) at this time due to the absence (or hindered) of its circulation in the economy. The research results and conclusions presented in the article meet the assumptions of the application objective and can provide the entities of the micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprise sector with knowledge about the dependencies resulting from the use of the complementary currency in the lockdown period by the entities that implement the assumptions of the system of complementary currencies.

scholarly journals Do Positive Psychology Interventions Impact on the Subjective Wellbeing and Depression of Clients? A Systematic Methodological Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara McTiernan ◽  
Fiona Gullon-Scott ◽  
Robert Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
Methodological Review ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions ◽  
Hand Search ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Methodological Evaluation

AbstractMental health services are placing a greater emphasis on wellbeing and recovery. The current research investigated if positive psychology interventions (PPIs) increase peoples’ subjective wellbeing and reduce clinical depression. A systematic methodological review was conducted on randomized-control-trials with people attending clinical services. Five databases were searched. A hand search was then completed on the reference lists of the identified articles and the associated journals. Eleven research interventions were reviewed. PPIs were found to significantly increase wellbeing, relative to controls and there were fewer studies indicating a difference in decreasing depression. However, subsequent analysis revealed that the interventions were heterogeneous which limits the drawing of definitive systematic conclusions. A methodological evaluation also found that there were recurring issues: in delivering the interventions, measuring subjective wellbeing, and applying the design. Thus, the methodological quality of the research interventions, as measured by the current review was low. There is emerging evidence that PPIs improve peoples’ mental health. However, there is scope to standardize and to improve the quality of the research interventions.

Bulgarian Blagoev Commune in the Context of the Formation of the Soviet Totalitarian System (1920s – 1930s)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-620
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Zhurba ◽  
Viktor Dotsenko ◽  
Nataliia Chernihovets
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Academic Literature

Based on the analysis of the sources and academic literature, the article comprehensively presents a critical analysis of the activities of the Bulgarian Blagoev Commune. The article covers the details of the organisation and functioning of the collective, the tasks set by the Bolshevik authorities. The article characterises the process of adaptation to a different country, the relations of the members of the commune with the local population and ties to Ukrainian associations. The results and consequences of the economic and financial activities of the international commune on the territory of Ukraine are generalised. The authors draw attention to the fact that the conscientious work of the members of the commune was used by the political regime under the slogans of building a bright future for the sake of an unrealistic socialist goal. Special focus is put on the party and public activities of the members of the commune. The contradictory nature of the position of the Soviet government regarding the newly created collective, the evolution of its party and state policy and the tragic fate of the leadership of the commune in the 1930s are discussed. The article outlines the recommendations on the practical application of the historical experience of the international collective in the context of international cooperation.

scholarly journals THE CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF MORAL EDUCATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-GHAZALI, KOHLBERG AND THOMAS LICHONA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny Prasetiya
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Character Education ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Character Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Moral Feeling

This study aims to describe Moral Education in the Perspective of Al-Ghazali, Kohlberg and Thomas Lichona. The thoughts of these figures have different perspectives on concepts, theories, methodologies and applications that are relevant to character development and character education in accordance with the context of Indonesian education. This type of research is library research. Data collection techniques using the method of analysis along with data analysis of content. Moral Education In the Perspective of Al-Ghazali, Kohlberg and Thomas Lichona have a different approach. Moral education built by al-Ghazali is through the approach of the story method (saga), and exemplary (uswah al hasanah). Kholberg further described the moral stages of children in accordance with the level of cognitive development. Thomas Lickona analyzed three important components in building character education, namely moral knowing, moral feeling and moral action.

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