scholarly journals FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEMAND FOR DOMESTIC SERVANTS IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4.1) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oludayo Tade ◽  
Adeyinka A Aderinto
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Domestic Servants ◽  
Newly Married ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

<p>The employment of domestic servants is a common phenomenon in Nigeria, where vulnerable children are internally trafficked to work as domestic servants in affluent urban households. While scholars have investigated the push factors aiding the demand for child domestic servants in West Africa, attempts to understand the dynamics underlying the demand are scarce. Hence, this study investigated factors that propel demand for domestic servants in Oyo State. The data were generated using both the quantitative and qualitative methods. The results show three categories of employers: newly married women, married women with grown-up children, and isolated widows and grandparents. The demand is driven by role dualism, workload, and the need for companionship. The incipient decline in the extended family structure of social exchange system (fostering) and preference for “outsiders” rather than family members justify the demand for and use of domestic servants. The study recommended welfare programmes targeted at demanding households and an intervention strategy for the trafficked children. </p>

scholarly journals Beyond agency and stewardship theory: shareholder–manager relationships and governance structures in family firms

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Sophie K. Löhde ◽  
Giovanna Campopiano ◽  
Andrea Calabrò
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Family Business ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Managerial Behavior ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

PurposeChallenging the static view of family business governance, we propose a model of owner–manager relationships derived from the configurational analysis of managerial behavior and change in governance structure.Design/methodology/approachStemming from social exchange theory and building on the 4C model proposed by Miller and Le Breton-Miller (2005), we consider the evolving owner–manager relationship in four main configurations. On the one hand, we account for family businesses shifting from a generalized to a restricted exchange system, and vice versa, according to whether a family manager misbehaves in a stewardship-oriented governance structure or a nonfamily manager succeeds in building a trusting relationship in an agency-oriented governance structure. On the other hand, we consider that family firms will strengthen a generalized exchange system, rather than a restricted one, according to whether a family manager contributes to the stewardship-oriented culture in the business or a nonfamily manager proves to be driven by extrinsic rewards. Four scenarios are analyzed in terms of the managerial behavior and governance structure that characterize the phases of the relationship between owners and managers.FindingsVarious factors trigger managerial behavior, making the firm deviate from or further build on what is assumed by stewardship and agency theories (i.e. proorganizational versus opportunistic behavior, respectively), which determine the governance structure over time. Workplace deviance, asymmetric altruism and patriarchy on the one hand, and proorganizational behavior, relationship building and long-term commitment on the other, are found to determine how the manager behaves and thus characterize the owner's reactions in terms of governance mechanisms. This enables us to present a dynamic view of governance structures, which adapt to the actual attitudes and behaviors of employed managers.Research limitations/implicationsAs time is a relevant dimension affecting individual behavior and triggering change in an organization, one must consider family business governance as being dynamic in nature. Moreover, it is not family membership that determines the most appropriate governance structure but the owner–manager relationship that evolves over time, thus contributing to the 4C model.Originality/valueThe proposed model integrates social exchange theory and the 4C model to predict changes in governance structure, as summarized in the final framework we propose.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake across Reproductive Life Stages of Women in India: A Cross-Sectional Survey from 4 Districts of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Shantanu Sharma ◽  
Faiyaz Akhtar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sunil Mehra
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Anthropometric Measurements ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Newly Married

Nutritional deficiencies among women of reproductive age, especially from socially backward classes, are widely prevalent in India. The present study aimed to assess the nutrient intakes and analyse their associations with sociodemographic attributes among socially backward adolescent girls, newly married women, pregnant women, and lactating mothers from four districts of India. Further, the study looked at the associations between nutrient intakes and anthropometric measurements (body mass index, BMI; waist circumference; and waist-hip ratio, WHR) among adolescents and newly married women. This community-based cross-sectional study used the 24-hour recall method of the dietary survey to assess the food intake of women and girls. Nonparametric tests of associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the median nutrient intakes were conducted. Expected and observed increments in energy and nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women from the base (requirement of an adult woman) were calculated. A total of 477 pregnant women, 455 lactating mothers, 532 newly married women, and 223 adolescent girls were interviewed. According to the 24-h dietary recall, only 35% of adolescent girls, 57% newly married women, 40% pregnant women, and 34% lactating mothers were able to meet 70% of the recommended energy requirements. A large percentage of pregnant women had less than 50% of the recommended intakes of iron, calcium, and folic acid. Women living in nuclear families, urban slums, and those from backward classes had lower intakes of almost all the nutrients compared to their counterparts (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in the nutrient intakes of adolescents, newly married, pregnant, and lactating women, and all had poor dietary intakes. We found positive relationships of all three anthropometric measurements (BMI, waist circumference, and WHR) with fats and inverse associations with carbohydrates. Public health interventions should work towards improving the nutrition of these vulnerable populations.

Informal Control by Family and Risk Markers for Alcohol Abuse/Dependence in Seoul

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifton R. Emery ◽  
Shali Wu ◽  
Hyerin Yang ◽  
Hotaek Lee ◽  
Junpyo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Informal Social Control ◽  
Coercive Control

Although previous research documents a reliable relationship between physical intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and alcoholism, relatively little research has examined new theoretical constructs in IPV research that may increase risk for or help buffer women from alcohol abuse/dependence. The purpose of the present study was to examine informal social control of IPV by family members as a protective factor against and coercive control as a risk factor for alcohol abuse/dependence in a small population sample of married women in Seoul, South Korea. We hypothesized that (a) informal social control by family members would be negatively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence and (b) husband’s coercive control would be positively associated with victim alcohol abuse/dependence. We measured alcohol abuse/dependence (CAGE scale), IPV and coercive control by husbands, and informal social control of IPV (ISC_IPV) by extended family members in a three-stage random cluster sample of 462 married women in Seoul, South Korea. Both random effects regression and zero-inflated Poisson regression models found that ISC_IPV by extended family members was associated with a significantly lower CAGE scores, and coercive control was associated with significantly higher CAGE scores. Interventions to boost ISC_IPV by extended family members may mitigate some of the risk of alcohol abuse/dependence by victims.

scholarly journals CAUSES AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CONSEQUENCES OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN AMBO TOWN MARRIED WOMEN

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
MULISA FAYERA ◽  
ABERA GETACHEW
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

Intimate partner violence is a pattern of coercive tactics that can include physical, psychological, sexual, economic, and emotional abuses against intimate partners, with the goal of establishing and maintaining power and control. The aim of this study is to investigate intimate partner violence and associated factors in Ambo town. The participants of the study were household women between the age15 to 49. Data were collected by using both quantitative and qualitative methods. To collect the quantitative data, 389 household women of Ambo Town were randomly selected for closeended questionnaire. In qualitative method , 12 participants (six women were victims of IPV and six other married women) were purposely selected for semi structured and 10 key informants were also purposely selected for Focus group discussion. The data collected from the questionnaires were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tools through SPSS.20 and the qualitative data was analyzed narratively. The results of the study demonstrated that from the total 389 sample, 343 women did not agree with their husband and only 46 women reported that they agree with their husband. This shows that there was a problem of disagreement between wives and their husbands. Besides, causes and psychosocial consequences of IPV were directly related with intimate partner violence.

scholarly journals Reproductive health of newly married women residing in a resettlement colony of Delhi: A longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Samiksha Singh ◽  
Sanjay Chaturvedi ◽  
Amod Kumar ◽  
AT Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Newly Married

scholarly journals Empowerment and Problems in Health Care Access among Currently Married Women in Myanmar: A Secondary Data Analysis on MDHS 2015-16

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nang Mie Mie Htun ◽  
Zar Lwin Hnin ◽  
Win Khaing
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Demographic And Health Surveys

Abstract Background: Women’s health outcomes are influenced by the lack of access to health care and their inability to make decisions for themselves. This study was conducted to identify the association between women's empowerment and the problems in assessing health care among currently married women aged 15-49 years. Method: A secondary analysis by using Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) (2015-16) data, which included all 15 regions of Myanmar. In the study, (7,759) eligible currently married women aged 15-49 years were included. Result: Among eligible women, 52.43% (95% CI: 0.51-0.53) had problems in accessing health care. Women with medium and high empowerment scores were less likely to experience problems in accessing health care compared to women who got low score (aOR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.73-0.98) (aOR=0.55, 95% CI: 0.47-0.65) respectively. Women from rural area (aOR=1.41, 95% CI:1.15-1.72) and women living in Chin State, one of the least developed states, (aOR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.38-2.46) had faced more problems in accessing health care, on the other hand, the problems were seen to be reduced in the case of women aged over 35 years (aOR=0.66, 95% CI: 0.47- 0.94), and those who had an educated husband (aOR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.66-0.86), a husband with a white collar job (aOR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.56-0.89), and those living with an extended family (aOR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.66-0.84). Conclusion: The study showed when the women are more empowered, they might have less problems in accessing health care. These finding would contribute to the policy formulation in reducing health inequity issues in terms of increasing women's empowerment by enabling women getting equal right to education and jobs. Key words: women's empowerment, problems in accessing health care, Demographic and Health Surveys, Myanmar, knowledge, decision power, beating, labour force

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Reality Therapy Based on Choice Theory on Marital Intimacy and Sexual Satisfaction of Newly Married Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Farhadi ◽  
Shahrbanoo Salehin ◽  
Shahrokh Aghayan ◽  
Afsaneh Keramat ◽  
Solmaz Talebi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Satisfaction ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reality Therapy ◽  
Marital Intimacy ◽  
Newly Married
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