scholarly journals FINANCIAL STABILITY AS A FINANCIAL SECURITY INDICATOR OF AN ENTERPRISE

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
N. Hrynyuk ◽  
L. Dokiienko ◽  
О. Nakonechna ◽  
І. Kreidych
Keyword(s):  
General Position ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Balance Sheet Liquidity ◽  
The One ◽  
Operating Activities

Abstract. The system diagnostics of enterprise financial security developed by the authors are based on taking into account the combined effect of the main elements of the financial stability management process. On the basis of the justification of the interdependence of the main components of an enterprise’s financial security (on the one hand, the types of financial stability and the liquidity of the balance sheet, on the other hand, their correlative effect on the level of financial security) the authors proposed a model for its evaluation. It has been proposed that the type of financial stability of an enterprise should be determined on the basis of the identification of the financial situation in accordance with the scale developed on the basis of the values of the main financial stability ratios. The type of liquidity on the balance sheet is based on a comparison of liquidity-based items of assets with maturities. The unified impact of types of financial stability and balance sheet liquidity on the level of financial security became the basis for the development a matrix for diagnostics the general position of financial security of the enterprise. Based on the established relationship between the degrees of financial stability and liquidity of an enterprise on the one hand, and the level of financial security of operating activities on the other, a model has been developed to assess the level of financial security of the enterprise’s operating activities. It has been proposed that the financial stability and liquidity of an enterprise should be determined on the basis of a three-tiered indicator by classifying financial situations within the established indicator scale: depending on the priority of selecting funds to finance the tangible portion of a negotiable asset and the sufficiency and composition of a negotiable asset to meet current liabilities. On this basis, a diagnostic matrix of the financial security position of the enterprise’s operational activities has been developed. The interconnection of the positions of the financial security of the enterprise and the unification of its level enabled the authors to develop a matrix of zones of the general position of the financial security of an enterprise where, depending on the combination of financial security levels, zones are distinguished from absolute financial security to financial danger. The testing of each element of the proposed enterprise financial security diagnostic’s system on the materials of a selected group of enterprises of the oil-and-fat industry confirms the practical significance of the developed tools in the process of managing their general financial security. Keywords: financial security, financial security level, financial security position, financial security of operating activities, financial stability, liquidity, oil-and-fat enterprises. JEL Classification G30, M20, Q14 Formulas: 14; fig.:5; tabl.: 4; bibl.: 22.

scholarly journals MATERIALISME SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PEMBANGUNAN KESEJATERAAN SOSIAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabiq ◽  
Akhmad Jayadi ◽  
Imam Nawawi ◽  
Mohammad Wasil
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
The One ◽  
Positive Effect

Materialism and sich are the driving spirit of the community in achieving economic and financial security that saves a holistic and socially just welfare. This can be seen from the lives of people in materialistic developed countries, where the level of social stress is higher, economic inequality widens, horizontal conflict is rife. This research uses Pierre Felix Bourdieu's social theory in seeing people trust the expenditure of material with other values, such as spiritual and cultural values ​​that are no less urgent as elements of social welfare development. This study found that materialism on the one hand has a positive effect, where people are encouraged to use material standards in measuring the level of welfare they expect. On the other hand, materialism closes the presence of values ​​such as spirituality, local wisdom and agriculture in completing more holistic welfare standards.

Part III Regimes and Doctrines, Ch.38 Theories of Transitional Justice: Cashing in the Blue Chips

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesiah Vasuki
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Political Imagination ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The One

This chapter examines the utopias called forth by the marriage of human rights accountability mechanisms on the one hand, and, on the other, arguments about the practical significance of these initiatives as preconditions for development, democracy, and political society. Transitional justice is seen to marry the ethical charge of the human rights field’s march against impunity, with an instrumental potential facilitating transition from the rule of violence into the rule of law. If the normative theories and agendas implicated by this marriage are advanced as being in the interests of justice, the accompanying instrumental theories and agendas are advanced in the interests of transition. Justice and transition operate here as allied and mutually reinforcing aspirations of and rationales for transitional justice institutions. Thus, this chapter identifies and analyses the stakes that attend this marriage of ‘ethics’ and ‘expertise’ in constituting the utopian political imagination of transitional justice.

scholarly journals Under Darwin’s Cosh? Neo-Aristotelian Thinking in Environmental Ethics

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Michael Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
General Position ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Human

As a first shot, one might say that environmental ethics is concerned distinctively with the moral relations that exist between, on the one hand, human beings and, on the other, the non-human natural environment. But this really is only a first shot. For example, one might be inclined to think that at least some components of the non-human natural environment (non-human animals, plants, species, forests, rivers, ecosystems, or whatever) have independent moral status, that is, are morally considerable in their own right, rather than being of moral interest only to the extent that they contribute to human well-being. If so, then one might be moved to claim that ethical matters involving the environment are best cashed out in terms of the dutes and responsibilities that human beings have to such components. If, however, one is inclined to deny independent moral status to the non-human natural environment or to any of its components, then one might be moved to claim that the ethical matters in question are exhaustively delineated by those moral relations existing between individual human beings, or between groups of human beings, in which the non-human natural environment figures. One key task for the environmental ethicist is to sort out which, if either, of these perspectives is the right one to adopt—as a general position or within particular contexts. I guess I don’t need to tell you that things get pretty complicated pretty quickly.

scholarly journals Determinants of Off-Balance Sheet (OBS) Activities: A Case of Selected Retail Banks in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-113
Author(s):  
Oladokun Nafiu Olaniyi ◽  
◽  
Shamsul Kamariah Abdullah ◽  
Charmele Ayadurai ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Credit Risk ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Risk Transfer ◽  
Credit Risk Transfer ◽  
Balance Sheet Liquidity ◽  
The Stability

The present paper examines factors influencing the Off-Balance Sheet activities of selected commercial banks in Malaysia for the period 2004- 2014. OBS activities are an integral part of financial institutions in response to the needs of businesses for different types of guarantee that have conflicting implications on the stability of financial institutions. Data collected on selected banks from the Bankscope database was analyzed using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regression. Specifically, the study built its analysis on three main recognized determining factors namely: (1) liquidity motives, (2) credit risk transfer motive, (3) profitability motives, and (4) capital arbitrage motive. The findings thus suggest that the selected banks mainly used OBS instruments for capital arbitrage purpose, enhancing operational efficiency and managing loan portfolio risks. The findings further suggested that its usage for capital arbitrage purposes may undermine the regulatory measures of accurately estimating and monitoring the risk of banks. The findings thus offer significant practical and policy implications that can help to enhance financial stability. Keywords: off-balance sheet, liquidity, credit risk transfer, profitability, capital arbitrage

scholarly journals Development of a methodology for determining the financial security of rural areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (32) ◽  
pp. 70-86
Author(s):  
Gamlet Y. Ostaev ◽  
Inna A. Mukhina ◽  
Elena V. Alexandrova ◽  
Elena V. Belokurova ◽  
Lyudmila G. Titova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Real Problem ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Individual

The current state of most of Russia's territories is such that the development rates of specific regions remain low. This phenomenon does not allow for sustainable long-term economic security. Therefore, it is necessary to develop measures to determine the financial stability of the individual regions and territories of the country for the purposes of their development under current conditions. In this sense, the real problem is to determine the financial indicators to assess the economic security of rural areas. This can be achieved through the formation of a scientifically based action algorithm aimed at improving the situation in rural areas. The research topic is the formation of a system to identify financial indicators in the evaluation of the economic security of rural areas. The theoretical and practical significance of solving problems related to the achievement of sustainable development in rural areas determined the choice of goals, objectives, object and theme of this study. Based on the above, the object of the study is the municipal budget and agricultural enterprises as the basis for the development of rural areas. The purpose of the study is to establish the methodology for evaluating financial security in rural areas as a financial management instrument at the municipal level. The following tasks were implemented in the course of the study: selection of financial indicators based on official and expert sources; Foundation of the mathematical apparatus to calculate the comprehensive and private indicators of the financial security of the territory using the principles of qualimetry (the science of measuring quality). The proposed methodology allows to systematize the financial and economic indicators, it serves as the main calculation of the financial and economic security of the Udmurt Republic; the methodology can also be applied to other rural areas of the country.

scholarly journals FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 303-336
Author(s):  
Larysa Dokiienko
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Alternative Approach

Purpose – The main purpose of the article is to justify an alternative approach to assessing the level of financial security of the enterprises based on use the model of modified and adjusted financial statements. Research methodology – The following methods of general theoretical and empirical research were used in the writing of the article: abstract-logical (when systematizing scientific publications on the problems of financial security management of enterprises), comparisons and grouping (when developing and validating a model of modified financial statements), coefficient (when considering and using models for adjusting modified financial statements), grouping (when clustering enterprises depending on the results of the analysis), formalization (when developing a matrix for diagnosing the level of financial security of enterprises), generalization (when formulating research findings). Findings – Based on an established sample from nine of sunflower oil production enterprises of Ukraine their modified financial statements have been developed, it was adjusted to the consumer price index, key financial indicators of the model have been identified and the level of their financial security over the past 7 years have been assessed. The research identified a direct relationship between the level of financial security of enterprises and key financial indicators: financial stability, solvency and financial risk. Also, the proposed methodological approach can be not only an important tool for diagnosing the level of financial security of enterprises, but also its forecasting. Research limitations – The research limitation is associated with sampling size and geographical scope. Also, the diagnostic results may differ depending on the chosen adjustment base, determination of adjustment method and selection of inflation measurement method for the modification financial statements. Practical implications – Practical use of the proposed model proves that it is a convenient, simple, understandable and effective tool for diagnosing the financial security level of enterprises in terms of the main components: financial stability, solvency, and risk. The use of the proposed approach to the assessment of the financial security of the enterprise can serve as an indicator of the overall efficiency of its management at sunflower oil production enterprises and as an informative tool for factor analysis. Originality/Value – Consideration of a significantly different, alternative approach that allows enterprises to quickly and easily diagnose the level of their financial security; to manage it effectively during the current period, and can also become the basis for the formation of strategic directions of financial development and forecasting of the level of financial security for prospective period.

scholarly journals Improving the Methodology for Assessing the Level of Financial Security of Agricultural companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
I. D. Anikina ◽  
E. P. Kucherovа ◽  
E. S. Karevа
Keyword(s):  
Additive Model ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Security Industry ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Security Levels

The paper is devoted to the study of approaches to assessing the financial security level of agricultural companies and their improvement. The methodological base of the research is a modern concept of financial security and enterprise sustainability. The methods review for assessing financial security is carried out, also industry characteristics of enterprises are studied. The result of the work is the development of a methodology for assessing the financial security level of organizations. Such methodology’s topicality is represented in the additive model, which includes four integral indicators: profitability, financial sustainability, solvency and business activity. The total of all integral indicators, taking into account the coefficients, is the final rate of an organization’s financial security. The authors distinguish three financial security levels, which are: critical, medium and high. The minimal coefficients, suggested by the legislation and minimal indicators adjusted according to the agricultural enterprises’ specificity have been given to calculate the critical level. The medium level is determined by the calculation of the agricultural producers’ financial security industry average over the last 5 years. The high financial security group includes the enterprises with the indicators exceeding the medium indicators. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the proposed methodology makes it possible to assess the level of financial security of agricultural enterprises taking into account the industry specifics of their activities, including for further competitive analysis.

scholarly journals The Concept of Assessing the Level of the Enterprise Economic Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1259-1268
Author(s):  
Irina Yurievna Vaslavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Financial Stability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Decision Makin ◽  
Balance Sheet Liquidity

Several problems can be identified in assessing the economic security of organizations. Most of the developed techniques in this area involve the assessment of the financial component of economic security using methods for assessing the probability of the bankruptcy of the enterprise. At the same time, there are no unambiguously recommended evaluation methods; often enterprises are limited to any one complex methodology. Any evaluation of the financial component of the security is reduced to the cost-benefit analysis and evaluation of balance sheet liquidity and the financial stability of the organization, without the formation of an integral indicator. This approach does not consider the nature of internal processes and assesses the final impact of these “processes” on the indicators of financial statements (based on which the assessment of the financial component of economic security is formed). Also, one of the problems of assessing economic security using mathematical models is the complexity of mastering these models and the lack of the programs for performing calculations. It should be noted that it is a characteristic of the largest number of studied methods that usually assess the current state of the enterprise, the complex methodology does not consider threats, the maximum that can be considered is a possible prevented damage. Nevertheless, working with threats in the assessment system allows us to predict the possible negative impact on the state of economic security. And timely prevent these situations or “take the risk”, since it is advisable to assess threats through risk indicators. Assessment of economic security is as important as any other economic analytical information needed for the timely decision-makin and the formation of proactive measures.

scholarly journals The practical significance of septic patients found in sweat of pyogenic cocci

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-312
Author(s):  
A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Profuse Sweating ◽  
The One

As you know, Brunner and Eissberg stated the presence of staphylococci in the blood and sweat of pyemic patients. In three respective cases, the author, on the one hand, confirmed their observations, and on the other, tried to use this fact for therapeutic purposes, proceeding from the idea that artificially induced profuse sweating, perhaps, will facilitate the elimination of microorganisms from the blood and their toxins.

Immunization

1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Wallas
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Market Value ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Choice ◽  
The One

This subject can appear difficult, but the main idea is delightfully simple. Let us consider an example. Suppose that a life office has issued policies at premiums based on a certain rate of interest, investing in Stock Exchange securities the premiums received from year to year, less claims, and that after a time the rate of interest rises permanently. The market value of the investments will fall and the office will lose if they have eventually to be sold, but will gain to the extent that future premiums can now be invested on more favourable terms. The gain is fixed but the loss will vary according to the redemption dates of the assets, since the longer the date, the greater the fall in value. Immunization consists in selecting investments such that the loss balances the gain. An alternative way of looking at it is on the basis of present values. The values of the assets on the one side of the balance sheet, and the net liabilities on the other, will both fall if interest rates rise. We want them to fall by the same amount, and as our liabilities are fixed, we must seek to achieve that result by a suitable choice of assets.

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