scholarly journals Plastoquinone: possible involvement in plant disease resistance.

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urszula Maciejewska ◽  
Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk ◽  
Ewa Swiezewska ◽  
Anna Szkopinska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species

The plant Solanum nigrum treated with the pathogen Phytophthora infestans-derived elicitor responded by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, lipid peroxidation and lipoxygenase (EC 1.13.11.12) activity in comparison with control plants indicating that oxidative stress took place. We demonstrate that these events are accompanied by a significant increase in plastoquinone (PQ) level. It is postulated that PQ may be associated with mechanisms maintaining a tightly controlled balance between the accumulation of ROS and antioxidant activity that determines the full expression of effective defence.

Role of reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in plant disease resistance

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 459-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Barna ◽  
József Fodor ◽  
Miklós Pogány ◽  
Zoltán Király
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid Attenuates the Oxidative Stress-Induced Decrease of CD33 Expression in Human Monocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Guzmán-Beltrán ◽  
José Pedraza-Chaverri ◽  
Susana Gonzalez-Reyes ◽  
Fernando Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
Ulises E. Juarez-Figueroa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid ◽  
Larrea Tridentata ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Monocytes

Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) is a natural lignan with recognized antioxidant and beneficial properties that is isolated fromLarrea tridentata. In this study, we evaluated the effect of NDGA on the downregulation of oxidant stress-induced CD33 in human monocytes (MNs). Oxidative stress was induced by iodoacetate (IAA) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and was evaluated using reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell viability. NDGA attenuates toxicity, ROS production and the oxidative stress-induced decrease of CD33 expression secondary to IAA or H2O2in human MNs. It was also shown that NDGA (20 μM) attenuates cell death in the THP-1 cell line that is caused by treatment with either IAA or H2O2. These results suggest that NDGA has a protective effect on CD33 expression, which is associated with its antioxidant activity in human MNs.

Reactive Oxygen Species and Plant Disease Resistance

2015 ◽  
pp. 269-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Künstler ◽  
Renáta Bacsó ◽  
Yaser Mohamed Hafez ◽  
Lóránt Király
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Intracellular Sources of ROS/H2O2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Tasuku Konno ◽  
Eduardo Pinho Melo ◽  
Joseph E. Chambers ◽  
Edward Avezov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Antioxidative Enzymes ◽  
Redox Reactions ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Specific Target

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.

Hyperglycemia Induces Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Accelerates Apoptotic Cell Death in Salivary Gland Cells

Pathobiology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Daisuke Omagari ◽  
Ryoko Ushikoshi-Nakayama ◽  
Tomoe Yamazaki ◽  
Hiroko Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Saliva Secretion ◽  
Salivary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with several systemic vascular symptoms and xerostomia. It is considered that hyperglycemia-induced polyuria and dehydration cause decreased body-water volume, leading to decreased saliva secretion and, ultimately, xerostomia. In T2DM, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes tissue damage to vascular endothelial cells as well as epithelial tissue, including pancreas and cornea. Hence, a similar phenomenon may occur in other tissues and glands in a hyperglycemic environment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Salivary gland tissue injury was examined, using T2DM model mouse (db/db). Transferase‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) was conducted to evaluate tissue injury. The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were measured as indicator of oxidative stress. Moreover, in vitro ROS production and cell injury was evaluated by mouse salivary gland-derived normal cells under high-glucose condition culture. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In vivo and in vitro analysis showed a higher percentage of TUNEL-positive cells and higher levels of MDA and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in salivary gland tissue of db/db mice. This suggests damage of saliva secretion-associated lipids and DNA by hyperglycemic-induced oxidative stress. To analyze the mechanism by which hyperglycemia promotes ROS production, mouse salivary gland-derived cells were isolated. The cell culture with high-glucose medium enhanced ROS production and promotes apoptotic and necrotic cell death. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> These findings suggest a novel mechanism whereby hyperglycemic-induced ROS production promotes salivary gland injury, resulting in hyposalivation.

scholarly journals Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) attenuates oxidative stress induction in erythrocytes of sickle cell disease patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Emmer Ferreira Furman ◽  
Railson Henneberg ◽  
Priscila Bacarin Hermann ◽  
Maria Suely Soares Leonart ◽  
Aguinaldo José do Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Egb 761 ◽  
Cell Disease

Sickle cell disease promotes hemolytic anemia and occlusion of small blood vessels due to the presence of high concentrations of hemoglobin S, resulting in increased production of reactive oxygen species and decreased antioxidant defense capacity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective action of a standardized extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb 761), selected due to its high content of flavonoids and terpenoids, in erythrocytes of patients with sickle cell anemia (HbSS, SS erythrocytes) subjected to oxidative stress using tert-butylhydroperoxide or 2,2-azobis-(amidinepropane)-dihydrochloride, in vitro. Hemolysis indexes, reduced glutathione, methemoglobin concentrations, lipid peroxidation, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were determined. SS erythrocytes displayed increased rates of oxidation of hemoglobin and membrane lipid peroxidation compared to normal erythrocytes (HbAA, AA erythrocytes), and the concentration of EGb 761 necessary to achieve the same antioxidant effect in SS erythrocytes was at least two times higher than in normal ones, inhibiting the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (IC50 of 13.6 µg/mL), partially preventing lipid peroxidation (IC50 of 242.5 µg/mL) and preventing hemolysis (IC50 of 10.5 µg/mL). Thus, EGb 761 has a beneficial effect on the oxidative status of SS erythrocytes. Moreover, EGb 761 failed to prevent oxidation of hemoglobin and reduced glutathione at the concentrations examined.

scholarly journals DHA reduces oxidative stress following hypoxia-ischemia in newborn piglets: a study of lipid peroxidation products in urine and plasma

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Ullestad Huun ◽  
Håvard T. Garberg ◽  
Javier Escobar ◽  
Consuelo Chafer ◽  
Maximo Vento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Newborn Piglets ◽  
Hypoxia Group ◽  
Hypoxia Ischemia ◽  
Anti Oxidant

AbstractBackground:Lipid peroxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species is a major contributor to oxidative stress. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has anti-oxidant and neuroprotective properties. Our objective was to assess how oxidative stress measured by lipid peroxidation was modified by DHA in a newborn piglet model of hypoxia-ischemia (HI).Methods:Fifty-five piglets were randomized to (i) hypoxia, (ii) DHA, (iii) hypothermia, (iv) hypothermia+DHA or (v) sham. All groups but sham were subjected to hypoxia by breathing 8% O2. DHA was administered 210 min after end of hypoxia and the piglets were euthanized 9.5 h after end of hypoxia. Urine and blood were harvested at these two time points and analyzed for F4-neuroprostanes, F2-isoprostanes, neurofuranes and isofuranes using UPLC-MS/MS.Results:F4-neuroprostanes in urine were significantly reduced (P=0.006) in groups receiving DHA. Hypoxia (median, IQR 1652 nM, 610–4557) vs. DHA (440 nM, 367–738, P=0.016) and hypothermia (median, IQR 1338 nM, 744–3085) vs. hypothermia+DHA (356 nM, 264–1180, P=0.006). The isoprostane compound 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly lower (P=0.011) in the DHA group compared to the hypoxia group. No significant differences were found between the groups in blood.Conclusion:DHA significantly reduces oxidative stress by measures of lipid peroxidation following HI in both normothermic and hypothermic piglets.

12 QUANTIFICATION OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES IN BOVINE SEMEN WITH DIFFERENT SEMINAL QUALITY AND WITH EXTENDER CONTAINING ANTIOXIDANT EVALUATED BY ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
J. C. Borges ◽  
M. R. Silva ◽  
A. C. Tedesco ◽  
D. S. Costa ◽  
C. R. Esper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Bovine Semen ◽  
Major Defect

The aim this study was to evaluate the effects on artificial insemination (AI) of minimizing oxidative stress by adding an antioxidant into the sperm microenvironment. For that purpose, semen of bulls with different seminal quality was evaluated in nature and after addition of extender with and without antioxidant, followed by freezing and thawing, with respect to thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and AI success. TBARS is an indicator of lipid peroxidation and TAC measures free radicals. Twelve ejaculates from 5 bulls were treated with Tris egg yolk extender (CE) and in half of each ejaculate the extender was supplemented with 200 μL of Trolox (AE). Three of these 5 bulls had high-quality semen (mean 11.9 ± 5.9 total defect, 7.7 ± 3.1 major defect, and 4.2 ± 3.9 minor defect) and 2 animals had poor-quality sperm (mean 31.9 ± 9.7 total defect, 26.3 ± 8.5 major defect, and 5.6 ± 5.0 minor defect) (P < 0.05). For AI, 300 Nelore heifers were divided in 10 groups and the females in each group were inseminated with semen of the same bull and extender treatment. To evaluate oxidative damage, TBARS concentration was measured to indirectly determine malondialdehyde (lipid-peroxidation metabolite) concentration, whereas TAC was measured using myoglobin, as a source of radicals, which interact with a chromogen 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS), whose cation radical is spectroscopically detectable. The latency phase (lag) in the accumulation of ABTS cation is proportional to the antioxidant concentration. The pregnancy rates 60 days after AI were analyzed by chi-square test, and data of free radical production were evaluated by ANOVA, followed by the Tukey test with significance level of 5%. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nature semen (0.351 nmol of TBARS in 50 × 108 spermatozoa) was lower (P < 0.05) when compared to diluted semen (0.367 nmol of TBARS in 50 × 108 spermatozoa). No difference (P > 0.05) between extenders was observed after thawing. The bulls with poor-quality semen presented total ROS production (0.967) superior (P < 0.05) to that of bulls with good-quality semen (0.753). Although the use of antioxidant in the extender did not decrease ROS and TAC production (P > 0.05), pregnancy rates after AI in bulls with poor quality semen with AE (60.0%) was superior (P < 0.06) to that in bulls with high-quality sperm with AE (56.6%). In conclusion, bulls with poor-quality semen present higher ROS and TAC production, and the use of antioxidant in the extender for cryopreservation with poor-quality bovine semen, in spite of not decreasing ROS and TAC production, improves pregnancy rates. Financial support: FAPESP.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antioxidants: The Limited Correlation between Various Assays of Antioxidant Activity

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3244
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Naparło ◽  
Mirosław Soszyński ◽  
Grzegorz Bartosz ◽  
Izabela Sadowska-Bartosz
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effects

The inhibitory effects a range of synthetic and natural antioxidants on lipid peroxidation of egg yolk and erythrocyte membranes induced by a free radical generator 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was compared, with significant differences being found between both systems. When the protection by selected antioxidants against the effects of AAPH on erythrocytes (hemolysis, oxidation of hemoglobin and glutathione (GSH) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)) was studied, most antioxidants were protective, but in some tests (oxidation of hemoglobin and GSH) some acted as prooxidants, inducing oxidation in the absence of AAPH and enhancing the AAPH-induced oxidation. These results demonstrate a diversified action of antioxidants in different systems and point to a need for careful extrapolation of any conclusions drawn from one parameter or experimental system to another.

scholarly journals Research Strategies in the Study of the Pro-Oxidant Nature of Polyphenol Nutraceuticals

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey Babich ◽  
Alyssa G. Schuck ◽  
Jeffrey H. Weisburg ◽  
Harriet L. Zuckerbraun
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Copper Ions ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Intracellular Glutathione ◽  
Divalent Cobalt ◽  
Per Se

Polyphenols of phytochemicals are thought to exhibit chemopreventive effects against cancer. These plant-derived antioxidant polyphenols have a dual nature, also acting as pro-oxidants, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and causing oxidative stress. When studying the overall cytotoxicity of polyphenols, research strategies need to distinguish the cytotoxic component derived from the polyphenolper sefrom that derived from the generated ROS. Such strategies include (a) identifying hallmarks of oxidative damage, such as depletion of intracellular glutathione and lipid peroxidation, (b) classical manipulations, such as polyphenol exposures in the absence and presence of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., catalase and superoxide dismutase) and of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione andN-acetylcysteine) and cotreatments with glutathione depleters, and (c) more recent manipulations, such as divalent cobalt and pyruvate to scavenge ROS. Attention also must be directed to the influence of iron and copper ions and to the level of polyphenols, which mediate oxidative stress.

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