scholarly journals Effect of cyclosporin A on immunological response in lungs of guinea pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis.

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta M Dzik ◽  
Zbigniew Zieliński ◽  
Barbara Gołos ◽  
Elzbieta Jagielska ◽  
Mariusz Wranicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Inos Protein

The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive drug with antiparasitic activity, on the innate immunological response in guinea pig lungs during an early period (6th and 14th days) after T. spiralis infection were studied. CsA treatment of T. spiralis-infected guinea pigs caused a significant attenuation of immunological response in lungs by decreasing lymphocyte infiltration into pulmonary alveolar space, inhibiting alveolar macrophage superoxide anion production and lowering both the production of NO metabolites measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and expression of the iNOS protein in lung homogenates, allowing us to speculate that the T. spiralis-dependent immunological response is dependent on lymphocyte T function. Interestingly, CsA itself had a pro-inflammatory effect, promoting leucocyte accumulation and macrophage superoxide production in guinea pig lungs. This observation may have a relevance to the situation in patients undergoing CsA therapy. Macrophage expression of the iNOS protein, evaluated by immunoblotting was not influenced by treatment of animals with CsA or anti-TGF-antibody, indicating different regulation of the guinea pig and murine enzymes.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES OF MAST CELLS IN GUINEA PIGS LUNG IN OVALBUMIN-INDUCED ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko ◽  
V. M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. One of the most important cells in local immunity in lung are mast cells. They are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses to inhaled allergens. The question of distribution of these both cell types in guinea pig lung in case of experimental allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. Objective. The aim of this research is to study the distribution and quantitative changes of mast cells in lung of guinea pigs in ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. Methods. the lungs of 48 male guinea pigs have been studied using histological, morphometric and statistical methods in cases of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. The total number of mucosa related must cells and perivascular mast cells in guinea pig lungs were counted. Results. It has been established that mucosa related mast cells are normally more abundant in guinea pigs lung than perivascular ones. Maximum increase in a number of mucosa related mast cells was revealed in the early period of allergic inflammation, as evidenced by maximum increase coefficient of 1.4 in the 1st experimental group, compare to the control (P*/**<0.05). However, maximum increase in number of perivascular mast cells in 5 times was found during the late period of allergic inflammation in the 4th experimental group (P*/**<0.05). Conclusion. Experimental sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin leads to statistically significant increase in average number of both types of mast cells but predominantly the latter ones. It has been proved that cells dynamics is multidirectional.

Airway function after cyclooxygenase inhibition during hyperpnea-induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1971-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Suman ◽  
J. D. Morrow ◽  
K. A. O'Malley ◽  
K. C. Beck
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Lavage ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Respiratory System Resistance

Airway function deteriorates significantly on cessation of exercise or isocapnic hyperventilation challenges but is largely preserved during the challenge in humans and guinea pigs. PGE2, an endogenous bronchodilator, might be responsible for the preservation of lung function during hyperventilation (HV). We hypothesized that PGE2 might have a protective effect during HV, partially explaining the minimal changes in respiratory system resistance (Rrs) usually seen during HV in humans and guinea pigs. Therefore, changes in Rrs were measured during and after HV in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated guinea pigs treated with flurbiprofen (FBN) or placebo. With HV, there was an initial bronchodilation that was unaffected by FBN. Rrs then increased with time during HV, an effect that was blocked by FBN. After HV, Rrs increased further in all groups, but the increase in Rrs was less in the FBN-treated groups. FBN treatment reduced the PGE2 concentration slightly in lung lavage fluid compared with placebo. We found no enhancement or refractoriness of the Rrs response to repeat bouts of HV and no effect of FBN treatment on the response of Rrs to repeat HV. These results suggest that a constrictor PG is released during and possibly after HV and that the post-HV increase in Rrs is the sum of effects of the PG released during HV and a second constrictor mechanism operating after HV. We found no evidence for bronchodilator PG during or after HV in the guinea pig.

Glycogen in guinea pig neutrophils: Ultrastructural study of neutrophils at the intradermal site of BCG injection

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 726-727
Author(s):  
Corazon D. Bucana
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies

In the circulating blood of man and guinea pigs, glycogen occurs primarily in polymorphonuclear neutrophils and platelets. The amount of glycogen in neutrophils increases with time after the cells leave the bone marrow, and the distribution of glycogen in neutrophils changes from an apparently random distribution to large clumps when these cells move out of the circulation to the site of inflammation in the peritoneal cavity. The objective of this study was to further investigate changes in glycogen content and distribution in neutrophils. I chose an intradermal site because it allows study of neutrophils at various stages of extravasation.Initially, osmium ferrocyanide and osmium ferricyanide were used to fix glycogen in the neutrophils for ultrastructural studies. My findings confirmed previous reports that showed that glycogen is well preserved by both these fixatives and that osmium ferricyanide protects glycogen from solubilization by uranyl acetate.I found that osmium ferrocyanide similarly protected glycogen. My studies showed, however, that the electron density of mitochondria and other cytoplasmic organelles was lower in samples fixed with osmium ferrocyanide than in samples fixed with osmium ferricyanide.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

INCORPORATION OF IODIDE INTO ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN THE GUINEA PIG THYROID

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ekholm ◽  
T. Zelander ◽  
P.-S. Agrell
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Particulate Fraction ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACT Guinea pigs, kept on a iodine-sufficient diet, were injected with Na131I and the thyroids excised from 45 seconds to 5 days later. The thyroid tissue was homogenized and separated into a combined nuclear-mitochondrial-microsomal fraction and a supernatant fraction by centrifugation at 140 000 g for one hour. Protein bound 131iodine (PB131I) and free 131iodide were determined in the fractions and the PB131I was analysed for monoiodotyrosine (MIT), diiodotyrosine (DIT) and thyroxine after hydrolysis of PB131I. As early as only 20 minutes after the Na131I-injection almost 100% of the particulate fraction 131I was protein bound. In the supernatant fraction the protein binding was somewhat less rapid and PB131I values above 90% of total supernatant 131I were not found until 3 hours after the injection. In all experiments the total amount of PB131I was higher in the supernatant than in the corresponding particulate fraction. The ratio between supernatant PB131I and pellet PB131I was lower in experiments up to 3 minutes and from 2 to 5 days than in experiments of 6 minutes to 20 hours. Hydrolysis of PB131I yielded, even in the shortest experiments, both MIT and DIT. The DIT/MIT ratio was lower in the experiments up to 2 hours than in those of 3 hours and over.

EFFECT OF CYCLOSPORIN-A AS AN IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE DRUG ON ISLET CELLS TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (Issue A-2) ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
ASHRAF SEIDA ◽  
MAHMOUD GABR ◽  
GABR EZZ EL-GAMAL ◽  
HASSAN IBRAHIM ◽  
MOHAMED EL-GHARIB
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug

Method for recording ECG's in unanesthetized guinea pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1091-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Richtarik ◽  
Thomas A. Woolsey ◽  
Enrique Valdivia
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rapid Succession ◽  
Unanesthetized Animals ◽  
Animal Size ◽  
Four Electrodes

A device for use in recording ECG's from guinea pigs is described. It is constructed of Plexiglas and consists of a base with four electrodes (separated by plastic ridges) on which the animal stands. The animal's activity is restricted by a removable box, the ends and top of which are adjustable to compensate for variations in animal size. The device permits recording of ECG's in rapid succession from quiet, unanesthetized animals in normal standing posture. Results obtained with the method are reported. apparatus for guinea pig ECG; time relations guinea pig ECG; normal ECG, guinea pig; factors affecting quality of ECG recordings from guinea pigs Submitted on October 21, 1964

scholarly journals Intravitreal brimonidine inhibits form-deprivation myopia in guinea pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifang Yang ◽  
Junshu Wu ◽  
Defu Wu ◽  
Qi Wei ◽  
Tan Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Guinea Pig Model ◽  
Administration Methods

Abstract Background The use of ocular hypotensive drugs has been reported to attenuate myopia progression. This study explores whether brimonidine can slow myopia progression in the guinea pig form-deprivation (FD) model. Methods Three-week-old pigmented male guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) underwent monocular FD and were treated with 3 different methods of brimonidine administration (eye drops, subconjunctival or intravitreal injections). Four different concentrations of brimonidine were tested for intravitreal injection (2 μg/μL, 4 μg/μL, 20 μg/μL, 40 μg/μL). All treatments continued for a period of 21 days. Tonometry, retinoscopy, and A-scan ultrasonography were used to monitor intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error and axial length (AL), respectively. On day 21, guinea pigs were sacrificed for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen for associated transcriptomic changes. Results The myopia model was successfully established in FD animals (control eye vs. FD eye, respectively: refraction at day 20, 0.97 ± 0.18 D vs. − 0.13 ± 0.38 D, F = 6.921, P = 0.02; AL difference between day 0 and day 21, 0.29 ± 0.04 mm vs. 0.45 ± 0.03 mm, F = 11.655, P = 0.004). Among the 3 different brimonidine administration methods, intravitreal injection was the most effective in slowing myopia progression, and 4 μg/μL was the most effective among the four different concentrations of brimonidine intravitreal injection tested. The AL and the refraction of the brimonidine intravitreal injection group was significantly shorter or more hyperopic than those of other 2 groups. Four μg/μL produced the smallest difference in AL and spherical equivalent difference values. FD treatment significantly increased the IOP. IOP was significantly lower at 1 day after intravitreal injections which was the lowest in FD eye of intravitreal injection of brimonidine. At day 21, gene expression analyses using RNA-seq showed upregulation of Col1a1 and Mmp2 expression levels by intravitreal brimonidine. Conclusions Among the 3 different administration methods, intravitreal injection of brimonidine was the most effective in slowing myopia progression in the FD guinea pig model. Intravitreal brimonidine at 4 μg/μL significantly reduced the development of FD myopia in guinea pigs. Expression levels of the Col1a1 and Mmp2 genes were significantly increased in the retinal tissues of the FD-Inj-Br group.

scholarly journals A SOLUBLE ANTIGEN OF LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS

1940 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Smadel ◽  
M. J. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Antigen ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Times

Anti-soluble substance antibodies and neutralizing substances, which develop following infection with the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis, appear to be separate entities. The times of appearance and regression of the two antibodies are different in both man and the guinea pig; the antisoluble substance antibodies appear earlier and remain a shorter time. Moreover, mice develop them but no demonstrable neutralizing substances. Injection of formalin-treated, virus-free extracts containing considerable amounts of soluble antigen fails to elicit anti-soluble substance antibodies and to induce immunity in normal guinea pigs; administration of such preparations to immune pigs, however, is followed by a marked increase in the titer of anti-soluble substance antibodies in their serum. On the other hand, suspensions of formolized washed virus are effective in normal guinea pigs in stimulating both anti-soluble substance antibodies and protective substances, and in inducing immunity to infection.

scholarly journals Trichuris spp. in Animals, with Specific Reference to Neo-Tropical Rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kegan Romelle Jones
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Hydrochoerus Hydrochaeris ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
A New Species

Trichuriasis is the clinical disease of animals infected with the parasite of the genus Trichuris. This review attempts to present information on Trichuris spp. infestation in neo-tropical rodents that are utilized for meat consumption by humans. Neo-tropical rodents utilized for meat production can be divided into two categories: those that have been domesticated, which include the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus), and those that are on the verge of domestication, such as the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), lappe (Cuniculus paca/Agouti paca), and agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). This document reviews the literature on the species of Trichuris that affects the rodents mentioned above, as well as the clinical signs observed. The literature obtained spans over sixty years, from 1951 to 2020. Trichuris spp. was found in these neo-tropical rodents mentioned. However, there is a dearth of information on the species of Trichuris that parasitize these animals. The capybara was the only rodent where some molecular techniques were used to identify a new species named T. cutillasae. In most cases, Trichuris spp. was found in combination with other endoparasites, and was found at a low prevalence in the lappe and guinea pig. The presence of Trichuris spp. ranged from 4.62–53.85% in the agouti, 4.21–10.00% in the lappe, 50% in the capybaras, and 1–31% in guinea pigs. Further work must be done towards molecular identification of various Trichuris spp. present in these rodents, as well as the clinical effect of infection on the performance of agouti, lappe, capybara, and guinea pigs.

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