scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION AND QUANTITATIVE CHANGES OF MAST CELLS IN GUINEA PIGS LUNG IN OVALBUMIN-INDUCED ALLERGIC INFLAMMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko ◽  
V. M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. One of the most important cells in local immunity in lung are mast cells. They are involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses to inhaled allergens. The question of distribution of these both cell types in guinea pig lung in case of experimental allergic inflammation in most aspects remains open. Objective. The aim of this research is to study the distribution and quantitative changes of mast cells in lung of guinea pigs in ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. Methods. the lungs of 48 male guinea pigs have been studied using histological, morphometric and statistical methods in cases of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. The total number of mucosa related must cells and perivascular mast cells in guinea pig lungs were counted. Results. It has been established that mucosa related mast cells are normally more abundant in guinea pigs lung than perivascular ones. Maximum increase in a number of mucosa related mast cells was revealed in the early period of allergic inflammation, as evidenced by maximum increase coefficient of 1.4 in the 1st experimental group, compare to the control (P*/**<0.05). However, maximum increase in number of perivascular mast cells in 5 times was found during the late period of allergic inflammation in the 4th experimental group (P*/**<0.05). Conclusion. Experimental sensitization and challenge with ovalbumin leads to statistically significant increase in average number of both types of mast cells but predominantly the latter ones. It has been proved that cells dynamics is multidirectional.

scholarly journals Dynamics of quantitative changes of diffuse lymphoid tissue cells of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Immunity ◽  
Experimental Group

Background. There is a progressive increase of respiratory allergic diseases nowadays in the world, made it necessary to study the participation of the components of the immune system in these processes. From the point of view of modern aspects about the organs of the immune system, interesting are the patterns of morphogenesis and function of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue, occupied a special place in the immunological protection of the body due to the large area of contact with various antigens. Morphogenesis and reactive changes in the local immunity in respiratory system in conditions of allergic inflammation remain urgent issue of modern morphology. Objective. To study the changes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Methods. We have studied the lung of 48 guinea pigs, using histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, assessed the average number of lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells in the diffuse lymphoid tissue. Results. The average number of lymphocytes in diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs increased from the 23rd day of observation and remained at a high level until the end of the experiment, the maximum was during the early period of the development of allergic inflammation, the increasing coefficient was 4.7. The average number of plasma cells also acquired maximum elevation in the early period of allergic process, the increasing coefficient was 2.0. The most significant average number of macrophages was on the 23rd day of observation with same increasing coefficient. Among all types of immunocompetent cells of diffuse lymphoid tissue in bronchi and lungs, T-lymphocytes prevailed during the experiment elevated almost by 5 times. Conclusions. In the early period of development of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, the specific resistance of the respiratory system manifests itself in the form of activation of local links of cellular and humoral adaptive immunity, as evidenced by the dynamics of changes in the average number of lymphocytes (the maximum increasing coefficient 4.7 in the 1st experimental group), macrophages and plasma cells (maximum increasing coefficient 2.0 in the 1st experimental group) of diffuse lymphoid tissue of bronchi and lungs of guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of cyclosporin A on immunological response in lungs of guinea pigs infected with Trichinella spiralis.

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta M Dzik ◽  
Zbigniew Zieliński ◽  
Barbara Gołos ◽  
Elzbieta Jagielska ◽  
Mariusz Wranicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drug ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Inos Protein

The effects of cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressive drug with antiparasitic activity, on the innate immunological response in guinea pig lungs during an early period (6th and 14th days) after T. spiralis infection were studied. CsA treatment of T. spiralis-infected guinea pigs caused a significant attenuation of immunological response in lungs by decreasing lymphocyte infiltration into pulmonary alveolar space, inhibiting alveolar macrophage superoxide anion production and lowering both the production of NO metabolites measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and expression of the iNOS protein in lung homogenates, allowing us to speculate that the T. spiralis-dependent immunological response is dependent on lymphocyte T function. Interestingly, CsA itself had a pro-inflammatory effect, promoting leucocyte accumulation and macrophage superoxide production in guinea pig lungs. This observation may have a relevance to the situation in patients undergoing CsA therapy. Macrophage expression of the iNOS protein, evaluated by immunoblotting was not influenced by treatment of animals with CsA or anti-TGF-antibody, indicating different regulation of the guinea pig and murine enzymes.

scholarly journals Skeleton Growth in Guinea Pigs and Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Skinner ◽  
Natasha Clark ◽  
Sharon Rutland ◽  
Andrew Dawkins ◽  
Catrin Sian Rutland
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Unique Structure ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
First Time

Every animal has a skeleton made up of many different bones. Bones are vital. Without bones we would not be able to move, protect our internal organs, store important minerals, or even make some cell types! When we are young, in addition to growing, our bones must develop into specific shapes. This article describes how and why bones grow and heal in humans and guinea pigs. Using a special imaging technique called micro-computed tomography, we will show you the unique structure of some guinea pig bones and how animals of different ages have important bone variations. We will also discuss how the fascinating discovery of a hole in a bone, called a supratrochlear foramen, was described for the first time in a species. We will also answer questions, such as “how can you keep your bones healthy” and “what happens to astronauts’ skeletons in space?”

Mast cells and Kurloff cells - Their detection throughout the oestrous cycle in normal guinea pig ovaries and in guinea pigs with cystic rete ovarii

2021 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 512-518
Author(s):  
Pavla Hamouzova ◽  
Petr Cizek ◽  
Vladimir Jekl ◽  
Karolina Gozdziewska-Harlajczuk ◽  
Joanna Kleckowska-Nawrot
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle

scholarly journals Repair of a Mutation Disrupting the Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus Pentameric Complex Acquired during Fibroblast Passage Restores Pathogenesis in Immune-Suppressed Guinea Pigs and in the Context of Congenital Infection

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (17) ◽  
pp. 7715-7727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. McVoy ◽  
Jian Ben Wang ◽  
Dirk P. Dittmer ◽  
Craig J. Bierle ◽  
Elizabeth C. Swanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Congenital Infection ◽  
Artificial Chromosome ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Viral Loads ◽  
Guinea Pig Cytomegalovirus

ABSTRACTGuinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) provides a valuable model for congenital cytomegalovirus transmission. Salivary gland (SG)-passaged stocks of GPCMV are pathogenic, while tissue culture (TC) passage in fibroblasts results in attenuation. Nonpathogenic TC-derived virus N13R10 (cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome [BAC]) has a 4-bp deletion that disruptsGP129, which encodes a subunit of the GPCMV pentameric complex (PC) believed to govern viral entry into select cell types, andGP130, an overlapping open reading frame (ORF) of unknown function. To determine if this deletion contributes to attenuation of N13R10, markerless gene transfer inEscherichia coliwas used to construct virus r129, a variant of N13R10 in which the 4-bp deletion is repaired. Virions from r129 were found to contain GP129 as well as two other PC subunit proteins, GP131 and GP133, whereas these three PC subunits were absent from N13R10 virions. Replication of r129 in fibroblasts appeared unaltered compared to that of N13R10. However, following experimental challenge of immunocompromised guinea pigs, r129 induced significant weight loss, longer duration of viremia, and dramatically higher (up to 1.5 × 106-fold) viral loads in blood and end organs compared to N13R10. In pregnant guinea pigs, challenge with doses of r129 virus of ≥5 × 106PFU resulted in levels of maternal viremia, congenital transmission, pup viral loads, intrauterine growth restriction, and pup mortality comparable to that induced by pathogenic SG virus, although higher doses of r129 were required. These results suggest that theGP129-GP130mutation is a significant contributor to attenuation of N13R10, likely by abrogating expression of a functional PC.IMPORTANCETissue culture adaptation of cytomegaloviruses rapidly selects for mutations, deletions, and rearrangements in the genome, particularly for viruses passaged in fibroblast cells. Some of these mutations are focused in the region of the genome encoding components of the pentameric complex (PC), in particular homologs of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins UL128, UL130, and UL131A. These mutations can attenuate the course of infection when the virus is reintroduced into animals for vaccine and pathogenesis studies. This study demonstrates that a deletion that arose during the process of tissue culture passage can be repaired, with subsequent restoration of pathogenicity, using BAC-based mutagenesis. Restoration of pathogenicity by repair of a frameshift mutation in GPCMV geneGP129using this approach provides a valuable genetic platform for future studies using the guinea pig model of congenital CMV infection.

Effects of Repeated Bleedings on Serum Glycoprotein Concentrations in the Guinea Pig

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry E. Weimer ◽  
Frances A. Quinn ◽  
Hisako Nishihara
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Globulin Fraction ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Serum Glycoprotein ◽  
Experimental Group

Effects of repeated bleedings on the serum concentrations of total glycoprotein, seromucoid, albumin polysaccharide, globulin polysaccharide, total protein, albumin and globulin and on the hematocrit and hemoglobin values of blood were investigated in adult male guinea pigs. Significant increases occurred in the seromucoid fraction and in the carbohydrate and protein moieties of the globulin fraction. Significant decreases occurred in albumin polysaccharide, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Statistical comparisons of the final values of the experimental group with those of a control group subjected to the same experimental procedures but without major blood loss were significant for total protein, albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit. The conclusion was drawn that the alterations which occurred in the serum glycoprotein concentrations were not due primarily to blood loss.

scholarly journals Morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko ◽  
V. M. Yevtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Experimental Sensitization ◽  
Pulmonary Connective Tissue

An urgent issue of modern morphology is establishing a number of patterns of morphological changes and reactivity of connective tissue components of lungs in case of experimental sensitization with allergens. The aim is to estimate morphological features of histogenic differon cells in connective tissue of guinea pigs’ lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin. Materials and methods. Using morphometric and histological method, we have estimated the lung connective tissue of 48 male guinea pigs with experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and aeroallergization with ovalbumin. The number of fibrocytes, fibroblasts per 5000 μm2 and their ratio – fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient were determined. Results. We have established the regularity of morphological changes dynamics in the cellular elements of pulmonary connective tissue. Experimental sensitization and inhalated allergization with ovalbumin leads to a statistically significant increase in the average number of fibroblasts and fibrocytes throughout the observation period in all experimental groups. It has been proved that the dynamics of cells has a multidirectional character, demonstrated by indicators of the fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient, which shows the disproportion in the fibroblast/fibrocyte ratio and proves the tendency to the development of fibrosis in guinea pigs’ pulmonary connective tissue in case of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin. Conclusions. A gradual increase in the number of fibrocytes, against the background of a decrease in the number of fibroblasts is observed from the 23rd day to the completion of experimental sensitization with ovalbumin in the lungs of guinea pigs, compared with control group. A decrease of fibroblast/fibrocyte coefficient from 1.37 ± 0.03 in the early period to 0.82 ± 0.03 in the late period of the allergic inflammation demonstrates multidirectional nature of the dynamics in the number of connective tissue cells and indicates a tendency towards the development of fibrosis in pulmonary connective tissue.

EFFECT OF CASTRATION AND TESTOSTERONE ON PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS IN GUINEA PIG TISSUE PREPARATIONS

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S3-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Kochakian
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Leucine Incorporation ◽  
Biosynthetic Activity ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Testosterone Administration

ABSTRACT Castration and testosterone administration had no effect on the rate of incorporation of leucine-1-14C into the S 12 000 × g fraction of guinea pig kidneys. The protein biosynthetic activity of the homogenates of the seminal vesicles, however, was greatly and that of the prostate slightly reduced by castration. The administration of testosterone to castrated guinea pigs produced within four days a maximum increase in the rate of leucine incorporation of approximately 500 per cent in the seminal vesicles and about 80 per cent in the prostate. The maximum effect was maintained for at least 23 days under testosterone stimulation. Nine other amino acids gave responses which varied from equal to that of leucine-1-14C to no response. The effect of testosterone was evident in both the supernatant fraction and the sediment after centrifugation at 12 000 × g for 10 minutes of the seminal vesicle homogenate but only the supernatant fraction of the prostate. The reaction in both tissues of control and testosterone treated animals was almost completely dependent on ATP and a generating system. Omission of GTP from the reaction mixture produced only a partial decrease in the incorporating activity of both tissues but without an effect on the testosterone response. The addition of chloramphenicol to the enzyme system had no effect but puromycin almost completely inhibited the amino acid incorporating activity of the tissues of both castrated and androgen treated guinea pigs.

scholarly journals Morphological rearrangement of the metabolic link of the microcirculatory bed of guinea pigs lungs after sensitization with ovalbumin

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
S. S. Popko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Microcirculatory Bed ◽  
Functional Reorganization ◽  
Connective Tissue Component ◽  
Adaptive Processes

The reaction of the lung microvessels is an urgent issue of morphology and medicine in general, as well as one of the insufficiently investigated points in the study of morphological changes in chronic allergic diseases of the respiratory system. The aim is to study the morphological changes in the vessels of the metabolic link of the microcirculation in the lungs of guinea pigs sensitized with ovalbumin. Materials and methods. We have studied the lungs of 48 guinea pigs, using histological and morphometric methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by three-time subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent 8-day intranasal inhalation of ovalbumin. To estimate the structural and functional state of capillaries, the inner diameter of the vessels was determined. Results. A general regularity in the reactivity of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of guinea pig lungs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation was established, which consists in a significant structural and functional restructuring of the exchange vessels of the microcirculatory bed. Dysfunction of the capillaries endothelium is manifested by a change of vasodilatation to vasospasm, as evidenced by morphometric changes in the diameter of the capillaries lumen in the experimental groups, and an increase in the permeability of the capillaries wall, which is confirmed by edema and disorganization of the connective tissue component. Conclusions. Allergic inflammation leads to structural and functional reorganization of the metabolic link of the hemomicrocirculatory bed of guinea pig lungs, which has a multidirectional staging character depending on the duration of the experiment and is a manifestation of a violation of the compensatory-adaptive processes of hemomicrocirculation. The most pronounced changes in the form of a decrease in the diameter of the lumen of the blood capillaries of the lungs of guinea pigs by 23 % compared to the control are observed during the late period of the development of the allergic inflammatory process.

scholarly journals Morphfological changes in the membranes of the trachea of guinea pigs in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways.

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
M.V. Aksamytieva ◽  
S.S. Popko ◽  
V.M. Evtushenko
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Chicken Egg

Background. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of allergic diseases of the respiratory organs, especially in children. The predictor of the further development of bronchial asthma is sensitizing at an early age to the allergens of chicken egg. The use of new knowledge about the allergenic components of the chicken egg will predict the risks and clinical features of the disease. Despite the importance, the problem of morphogenesis of allergic inflammation of the wall of the trachea is not sufficiently studied, so far many issues are not found in morphology and require further research. Objective.The aim of the study is to establish morphological changes in the tracheal membranes in experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways of guinea pigs. Methods. The thickness of tracheal wall of 48 male guinea pigs was investigated by histological, morphometric, statistical methods on the twenty-third, thirty-sixth, thirty-sixth and forty-fourth days after the initiation of the experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation of the airways. Results. We have found, that maximum statistically significant thickening is shown in the late period of tracheal mucosa in 2 times on the 44th day of observation and tracheal submucosa in the 3rd experimental group on the 36th day of observation (increasing coefficient 2) compared to the control. However, the thinning of tracheal submucosa is observed in the early period of the inflammatory process on the 23rd and 30th day of observation. It has been proved, that the allergic inflammation of the tissues of the trachea caused by the sensitization and allergization of ovalbumin leads to the change in the thickness of layers of trachea in the chronobiological aspect. Conclusion. On the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment, thinning of tracheal mucosais observed due to damage of epithelial cells. Thickening of tracheal mucosa and submucosa was found in the third and fourth groups of observation (late period of allergic inflammation) compared with animals of the intact group and the control group due to an increase in the area of loose connective tissue, which is a consequence of the continuation of the allergic inflammatory process in the trachea after the end of the experiment.

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