Bacterial Aetiology of Pharyngotonsillitis in Paediatric Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (39) ◽  
pp. 3441-3447
Author(s):  
Thushara Ushakumari Bhuvanendran ◽  
Beena V.G.
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Organism

BACKGROUND Pharyngotonsillitis is defined as a spectrum of conditions ranging from inflammation primarily confined to the tonsils to pharyngitis implying generalized inflammation of the whole of pharynx. Children are more prone to get several episodes of pharyngotonsillitis per year during their school years. Pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes can cause two non-suppurative complications, acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing pharyngotonsillitis and to study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern that would indicate the optimum line of treatment. METHOD A total of 200 children at the age group of 2 - 12 years who had clinical features of pharyngotonsillitis according to the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study over a period of one year. With the help of a disposable wooden spatula, pus from the pharyngo tonsillar region was collected and processed. Predominant isolates obtained were identified and antibiotic sensitivity was done. RESULTS Bacteria was isolated from 70 samples. Pharyngotonsillitis was found most prevalent at the age group of 8 – 10 years. Intake of cold food stuffs and passive smoking at home was found to have statistically significant association as risk factor for pharyngotonsillitis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by Streptococcus pyogenes. The other organisms isolated were group G and C streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia sub species (spp) aerogenes. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes. All the isolates of beta haemolytic streptococci were found to be sensitive to penicillin. There was increased incidence of resistance to macrolides among the gram-positive isolates except Streptococcus pneumoniae and it may be due to the wide spread use of macrolides injudiciously. All the bacterial pharyngotonsillitis cases were cured with the antibiotic given according to the sensitivity except one case. KEYWORDS Pharyngotonsillitis, Acute Rheumatic Fever, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Bacterial Pathogens, Antibiogram

scholarly journals Ceftaroline Activity against Bacterial Pathogens Frequently Isolated in U.S. Medical Centers: Results from Five Years of the AWARE Surveillance Program

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 2458-2461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Jennifer M. Streit ◽  
David J. Farrell ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Resistant Strains

ABSTRACTA total of 84,704 isolates were collected from 191 medical centers in 2009 to 2013 and tested for susceptibility to ceftaroline and comparator agents by broth microdilution methods. Ceftaroline inhibited allStaphylococcus aureusisolates at ≤2 μg/ml and was very active against methicillin-resistant strains (MIC at which 90% of the isolates tested are inhibited [MIC90], 1 μg/ml; 97.6% susceptible). AmongStreptococcus pneumoniaeisolates, the highest ceftaroline MIC was 0.5 μg/ml, and ceftaroline activity against the most commonEnterobacteriaceaespecies (MIC50, 0.12 μg/ml; 78.9% susceptible) was similar to that of ceftriaxone (MIC50, ≤0.25 μg/ml; 86.8% susceptible).

scholarly journals Susceptibilidad a antimicrobianos de patógenos respiratorios en niños provenientes de la comunidad

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
José M Guevara ◽  
Rosaluz Aróstegui ◽  
Wini Agurto ◽  
Iliana Sobrevilla ◽  
Esther Valencia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis

OBJETIVO: Determinar la resistencia de los patógenos respiratorios a diferentes antimicrobianos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Entre abril y noviembre de 2002 se estudió 177 pacientes que asistieron al consultorio externo de otorrinolaringología del Hospital Nacional Docente Madre-Niño San Bartolomé. RESULTADOS: Streptococcus pneumoniae fue la bacteria patógena más aislada (57,2%), luego Moraxella catarrhalis (42,7%), Staphylococcus aureus (18,6%) y en pequeña cantidad Haemophilus influenzae (3,4%) y Streptococcus pyogenes (0,7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae presentó 31,3% de resistencia a la penicilina. El 96,7% de Moraxella catarrhalis fueron productoras de betalactamasa y 7,4% de los Staphylococcus aureus fueron resistentes a la oxacilina. CONCLUSIÓN: Streptococcus pneumoniae es el principal agente causal de los procesos infecciosos altos en niños y su resistencia a la penicilina aumentó a 31,3%

scholarly journals Development of Antibiogram for Secondary Health care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 974-980
Author(s):  
Anand Vijayakumar PR ◽  
Lalramengmawii ◽  
Lalduhawmi TC ◽  
Manisha S ◽  
Shekhar S Deshpande
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Neonatal Infection ◽  
Antibiotics Resistance ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Secondary Health Care ◽  
Infectious Microorganism ◽  
A Prospective Study

Antibiotics resistance is an emerging problem in the management for infectious diseases. Patients are many a time prescribed with antibiotics without knowing that particular antibiotic sensitivity pattern with respect to the infectious microorganism. This study aims to detect the type of microbes causing certain infections in the hospital and also to detect the sensitivity pattern of the antibiotics to these microbes. We conducted a prospective study for six months on the neonates who were admitted in NICU. The blood samples were collected from these neonates before the administration of antibiotics. The swab samples were also collected from various places of this hospital to detect the types of microorganisms present in the hospital and to study the sensitivity of the antibiotics toward these microbes. The antibiotics used in this study were Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Piperacillin, Meropenam, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae were found to be the most common pathogens implicated in neonate's infection. All the organisms showed absolute sensitivity mostly to Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Piperacillin and resistant to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus infleunzae, Kleibseilla pneumoniae, Escherichia coli were the most common microorganism found in the swab samples collected from the hospital. Most of these microorganisms shows sensitivity towards Ampicillin, Gentamicin, and Meropenam but were resistance to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, and Vancomycin. A routine bacterial surveillance of prevalent organisms and the study of the sensitivity patterns of the pathogens responsible for neonatal infection should be made an essential component for neonatal care. This information from many parts of the country will be important in policymaking on antimicrobial use not only locally but also internationally.

Contrasting Epidemiology of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Acute Glomerulonephritis

1970 ◽  
Vol 283 (11) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Bisno ◽  
Iris A. Pearce ◽  
Hershel P Wall ◽  
Max D. Moody ◽  
Gene H. Stollerman
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis

Relationship of Acute Rheumatic Fever to Acute Glomerulonephritis in Trinidad

1972 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Potter ◽  
M. Svartman ◽  
E. G. Burt ◽  
J. F. Finklea ◽  
T. Poon-King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Acute Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Postantibiotic Suppression of Growth of Erythromycin A-Susceptible and -Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria by the Ketolides Telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1749-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Munckhof ◽  
Glenn Borlace ◽  
John D. Turnidge
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Erythromycin A

ABSTRACT We investigated the in vitro postantibiotic effects (PAEs) of the ketolides telithromycin (HMR 3647) and HMR 3004 and analyzed the results using the sigmoid E max model. Mean maximum telithromycin PAEs against erythromycin A-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were 3.7, 8.9, and 9.7 h, respectively, while maximum PAEs for erythromycin A-resistant strains were much shorter. Mean maximum HMR 3004 PAEs were 3.2 to 4.4 h for all species.

scholarly journals Emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media in Chhattisgarh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1674
Author(s):  
B. R. Singh ◽  
Sagarika Pradhan ◽  
R. Murthy ◽  
Ekta Agrawal ◽  
Rekha Barapatre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Common Organism ◽  
Life Threatening

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a common chronic ear disease and a major health problem in developing countries causing deafness and life threatening complications like meningitis and brain abscess. Early and effective treatment based on the knowledge of causative organism and their antibiotic sensitivity is essential for immediate clinical recovery.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Total of 152 clinically diagnosed patients with CSOM safe were enrolled in the study and two swab of the discharge ear were obtained from each patient under aseptic precaution. Microbiological study was done according to standard operative guidelines.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 152 patients 93 male and 59 were female, majority of the patient seen below 30 year of age. Most common organism found was <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(43.2%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>(27.9%). <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was sensitive to vancomycin (98%) and linezolide (100%) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>was found highly sensitive to Imipenem cilastin (84.85%) and Imipenem (66.7%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In our study gram positive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (43.2%) and gram negative bacilli <em>P. aeuroginosa</em> (27.9%) was the most common organism was found and this <em>P. aeruginosa</em> were hospital acquired infections. We found out high resistant to Cefepime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin and aztreonam.</p>

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