Ecological and Energy Indicator of the Implementation of the Best Available Technologies for the Disposal of Poultry Manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Bryuchanov ◽  
I.A. Subbotin ◽  
E.V. Timofeev ◽  
A.F. Erk
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Nitrogen Emissions ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
The Difference

The "Ecological and energy criterion for the effectiveness of the introduction of BAT" is proposed. This indicator expresses the ratio of the unit cost of the consumption of fuel and energy resources to the difference in the values of nitrogen emissions in the base technology and the compared technology. The option of using this coefficient is considered on the example of comparing poultry manure disposal technologies. The environmental and energy criterion for the effectiveness of the introduction of BAT will be useful for evaluating technologies at the same time both in terms of energy and environmental indicators.

scholarly journals 8.6. Analysis of the development trend of energy strategies of the BRICS member countries in the field of energy resources use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ц. Чжоу
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Consumption Structure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Development Trend ◽  
Energy Strategies

В данной статье авторы обозначили, что страны – члены БРИКС определили повышение эффективности использования ресурсов как одно из своих приоритетных направлений развития. Различие между странами состоит в том, что Российская Федерация как основной поставщик и экспортер энергии уделяет больше внимания увеличению использования ископаемой энергии за счет увеличения ее добавленной стоимости, остальные же страны – члены БРИКС (с дефицитом энергоресурсов) трансформируют свою структуру потребления энергии, сокращая использование угля за счет увеличения использования возобновляемых источников энергии. In this article, the authors indicated that the BRICS member countries have identified improving the efficiency of resource use as one of their priority areas of development. The difference between the countries is that Russia, as the main supplier and exporter of energy, pays more attention to increasing the use of fossil energy by increasing the added value of energy, while the rest of the BRICS member countries (with a shortage of energy resources) transform their energy consumption structure by reducing the use of coal by increasing the use of renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals THE PRACTICE OF BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGIES OF POULTRY MANURE UTILIZATION IN LENINGRADSKY REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-28
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Bryukhanov ◽  
◽  
R.A. Uvarov ◽  
I.A. Subbotin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Best Available Technologies

Energy Optimization and Power Stack Shed Reduction of Oil Depots by using Renewable Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Muhammad Azhar Mahmood ◽  
Muhammad Kamran Liaqat Bhatti ◽  
S. Raza ◽  
M. Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Oil Sector ◽  
Continuous Power

Most of the industries including the oil sector are looking forward towards the renewable energy resources with proper energy management system (EMS) as it is the need of time. For this purpose, solar and wind energy are the renewable energy resources, which are obtained from natural resources and produce clean and environment -friendly electrical energy and can be used for oil depots. The proper utilization of solar and wind energy from natural resource may result in economical and cost-effective EMS. In the proposed research work, an effective energy management demonstration is delivered to ensure the ceaseless flexibility of power. Furthermore, reduction of production per unit cost to the oil sector industry by utilizing multiple objectives streamlining. In the proposed oil depot, connected loads are divided into Shiftable and Non-Shiftable loads and then apply Branch and Bound Algorithm (BnB) with binary integer linear programming (BILP). By using the BnB technique, selected shiftable loads are shifted to the low cost energy resource automatically and resultantly, we get the low price unit cost and continuous power supply. Simulation results for the above-mentioned research work are performed on MATLAB. The proposed technique helps to reduce the power stack shedding issue as well.

DETERMINATION OF BOTANICAL COMPOSITION OF TWO-COMPONENT FORAGE MIXTURES

1960 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Tanner ◽  
E. E. Gamble ◽  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Separation Method ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Visual Estimation ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forage Mixtures

A comparative study was made in 1958 of the visual estimation and hand separation methods of determining botanical composition of two-component forage mixtures. The results indicated that there were positive significant correlations between the per cent legume values obtained by the two methods. The visual estimation method was less variable than the hand separation method and the precision per unit cost was greater. The differences between per cent legume values obtained by the two methods were influenced by the stage of maturity (medium or late hay) of the components and the cut (hay or aftermath). In this study, the difference was significant only in the medium aftermath cut.Individually, three observers showed some inconsistencies between estimates on the medium and late maturity groups and between the hay and aftermath cut. However, by averaging the three estimates to obtain a mean sample, these inconsistencies were minimized.Both methods were more precise in the aftermath pasture cut than in the hay. An additional observer increased precision of the visual estimate more than an additional replicate or sample. The greater precision resulting from additional replicates, samples, or observers increased at a decreasing rate. The number of replicates, samples, and observers required for specific degrees of precision and a specific cost were calculated.The experiment showed that the visual estimation method can be superior to the hand separation method as a means of determining botanical composition.

Effect of exogenous carbon on the sorption and movement of atrazine and 2,4-D by soils

Soil Research ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Baskaran ◽  
NS Bolan ◽  
A Rahman ◽  
RW Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Silt Loam ◽  
Column Studies ◽  
Mushroom Compost ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Soil Material ◽  
Kd Values ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Sorption and movement of 2 ionic herbicides (2,4-D and atrazine) by 3 soil materials (Tokomaru silt loam, Egmont silt loam, mine tailings) which were amended with different levels of exogenous carbon (C) materials (poultry manure, sewage sludge, mushroom compost, peat, pig manure) were examined using 14C-labelled compounds. The sorption of herbicides was measured using a batch technique and the movement was examined using soil columns in which a pulse of 14C-labelled herbicide was leached with dissolved organic C (DOC). Sorption of herbicides, as measured by the distribution coefficient (Kd), increased with increasing C addition, and varied between the C sources. The difference in the effect of C sources on the sorption of herbicides was related to the difference in the amount of DOC and the pH. The increase in the Kd values per unit C addition decreased with increasing amounts of both the exogenous C addition and the indigenous C in the soil material. In a separate study, the addition of DOC to solutions of herbicides prior to sorption measurements decreased the sorption of herbicides, whereas the addition of DOC to soil increased the sorption of herbicides. Column studies have shown that DOC enhanced the movement of herbicides in soils. The effect of DOC on the movement of herbicides varied between the soil materials and may be related to the difference in the sorption of both the herbicides and the DOC.

A costing study of the document supply service at a Chinese research library: the case of Wuhan University Library

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Liu ◽  
Ting Lei
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Research Library ◽  
Cost Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Library ◽  
Costing Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

PurposeThis paper aims to report on a cost study of document supply at Wuhan University Library, and to investigate the difference in costs over time and the cost‐effectiveness for the university.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach is employed.FindingsThe borrowing unit cost and lending unit cost decreased by 27 percent and 60 percent, respectively, between 2002 and 2004, but showed a small increase in 2006.Originality/valueThe paper reveals the cost of document supply in a Chinese research library and proves that the cost could be lowered rapidly by taking effective measures. The paper also demonstrates that document supply is an effective way to resolve the library budgetary crisis as well as satisfying end‐users' needs.

R&D INVESTMENTS AS PREBARGAINING STRATEGIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (03) ◽  
pp. 1450003 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILFRIED PAUWELS ◽  
PETER M. KORT ◽  
EVE VANHAECHT
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nash Bargaining ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Bargaining Outcome ◽  
Nash Bargaining Game ◽  
Output Market ◽  
The Difference

This paper analyzes a semicollusive, differentiated duopoly. Firms first compete in cost reducing R&D and then cooperate on the output market. The sharing of the joint profit on the output market is modeled as a Nash bargaining game. We study an asymmetric setting in which one firm has a lower unit cost of production than the other firm, before any R&D expenditures. If firms do not agree on how to share their joint profit, they play a noncooperative Nash equilibrium. Assuming linear demand functions, we show that the Nash bargaining outcome is independent of whether firms play a Cournot or a Bertrand Nash equilibrium, as long as both firms supply positive outputs in these equilibria. If the two products are sufficiently differentiated, there is a unique equilibrium in which both firms supply a positive output, and in which the low cost firm always invests more in R&D than the high cost firm. If the two products are not very differentiated, and if the difference in unit costs between the two firms is not too large, there exist two equilibria. In each of these equilibria only one firm supplies a positive output. This can be the low cost or the high cost firm. In the latter case, the initially high cost firm invests so much in R&D that its unit cost after R&D is lower than that of the other firm. This firm then leapfrogs the other firm. If the two products are very similar and if firms apply Bertrand strategies when disagreeing, there exist equilibria in which only one firm supplies a positive output, while in the noncooperative Nash equilibrium that same firm can prevent the other firm from entering the market. We show that, in the context of the Nash bargaining model, this latter firm still has the power to claim a share of the joint profit.

scholarly journals Effect of organic fertilizer on nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa at a vegetative stage of growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
M.M. Getso ◽  
M.S. Sallau ◽  
S.E. Abechi ◽  
S Uba
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
North East ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Local Farmers

Field experiment was conducted at Research Farm of Kano University of Science and Technology, Wudil, to determine the effects of organic fertilizer on the nutritional status of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle). The results obtained indicated the manure fertilizer to be higher in protein (20.910%) and crude fiber contents (12.047%), Zn (30.689mg/kg) and Cu (18.571mg/kg) concentrations, no Pb was detected at all. However, the difference that exists amongst the fertilizers (T2 and T3) and poultry manure (T1) was found to be insignificant in so many parameters. Therefore, the study work with regard to the findings revealed that organic fertilizer (poultry manure) had the potential over the inorganic fertilizers for the dietary nutrients yielding in vegetables Hibiscus sabdariffa. However, the information will economically favor our local farmers and users to adapt the cheapest poultry manure for the optimum yield of qualitative produce vegetable as prospective against malnutrition in Nigeria especially North East where endemically affected by war.Keywords: Roselle leaves, vegetative stage, proximate analysis, elements, Kano

scholarly journals KAJIAN KELAYAKAN EKONOMI PEMBANGUNAN JEMBATAN LAYANG SIMPANG SELAYANG KOTA MEDAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Amrizal Amrizal ◽  
Jeffry Lisra
Keyword(s):  
Unit Cost ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Operational Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Time Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Base Structure

The purpose of this study is to create an economically effective flyover construction in Medan so that this study can inspire the local official. Total cost of the construction is Rp. 720 billion which consist of  Rp 10.8 billion of flyover base structure construction cost, mobilization and road hardening cost, design and supervision cost; Rp 7.641 billion annual maintenance unit cost; Rp 22.923 billion/5 years periodically maintenance cost; and Rp 4,375,000/m2 estimated  land acquisition cost. The calculated benefit is travel cost cut-off which is the difference between the total travel cost with and without project. The travel cost consists of Vehicle Operational Cost and Time Value. Based on year 2014 analysis, the total amount of the cut-off saving of Simpang Selayang Flyover is Rp 30.06 billion. Economic feasibility analysis of horizon years for 30 years showed that the benefit obtained based on NPV, which is Rp 61,1 billion, is not adequate enough for 12,5 % annual interest rate, this can be seen by the 10.99% Internal Rate Return (IRR), so, the value of Simpang Selayang Flyover construction is not economically feasible yet.

scholarly journals Economics of poultry manure utilization in land quality improvement among integrated poultry-maize-farmers in South western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
A. S. Bamire ◽  
J. Amujoyegbe
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Social Constraints ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Land Quality ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Small Holders ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Land Improvement

The rapid growth of Nigerian's poultry has made it more advantageous in terms of providing the essential raw material for soil fertility enhancement than other livestock. This paper evaluates the benefits of poultry manure use among integrated poultry-maize farmers in Ekiti and Osun States of Nigeria for improved land quality and continuous food production. Data were collected using Structured survey questionnaires administered on 500 randomly selected respondents in the two States. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics and costs and returns techniques. Respondents were small holders, with land area grown to mazie varying between 0.01 and 3.00 hectare. Majority of the respondents have personal farms but applied poultry manure only on small portions (25%) of the total cropped area of their farmlands. On the average, 53% of the respondents used poultry manure on their farms. Respondents were fairly literate with a mean age of 43 years. Major constraints to poultry manure use include odour, transportation, scarcity, wetness, bulkiness and time wastage in descending order of importance. While odour and transportation were identified as common problems among poultry manure users in Ekiti and Osun States, bulkiness was an additional constraint for non-user respondents in both states. Poultry manure material constituted about 91% of the total cost of inputs; transportation cost was 8% while labour cost averaged 2%. The mean net income earned per annum by poultry manure users was 1.40 times higher than that for non-users. The difference in mean net income users and non-users of poultry manure constitutes an important land improvement technique capable of enhancing farm production and income levels. Thus, technologies aimed at packaging it in such a way as to remove the associated social constraints to its use by farmers need be put in place.

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